In order to screen out the volatiles with attractive activity to adults of Bactrocera tau（Walker）. The olfactory responses of adult Bactrocera tau（Walker） to four host volatiles（heptadecane, n-hexadecane, octadecene and cis-3-hexene-1-ol） were measured by y-olfactometer. The results showed that the four host volatiles had trapping effect on the adult of Bactrocera tau（Walker）. The highest attractive rates of heptadecane on Bactrocera tau（Walker） adult males were 78.76% and 82.82%. The highest attractive rates of n-hexadecane to Bactrocera tau（Walker） male and female adults were 84.52% and 86.84%, and the highest attractive rates of octadecene to Bactrocera tau（Walker） female and male adults were 84.46% and 81.89%. The highest attracting rates of cis-3-hexen-1-ol to Bactrocera tau（Walker） male and female adults were 84.52% and 86.84%. The results show that heptadecane,n-hexadecane, octadecene, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol can be used as ingredients of Bactrocera tau（Walker） adult plant attractants.
The pea aphid is not merely one of important pest on crops, but it is also an ideal material for studying biological evolution mechanisms due to its complex life cycle and multiple reproductive types. In this paper, evaluated the effectiveness of leaf-disc method using Acyrthosiphon pisum and its host plant Vicia faba, to bring about a great advance in research of control and evolution of A. pisum. The V. faba leaf was cultured in leaf-disc method with 3 different kinds of nutrient solutions（Hyponex, Dewoduo and Compo）. It can be seen that Hyponex was the most suitable nutrient solution formula for V. faba leaf cultivation under this experimental condition. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in fecundity, longevity, body size and developmental time between leaf-disc method and V.faba seedling. Therefore, the present study suggests that leaf-disc method can be applied to rearing of pea aphid.
In order to improve rationality of evaluation index weight and realize the reasonable evaluation of pig farm standardization,this paper used the combination method of precise value,interval value and triangular fuzzy number to construct the judgment matrix,and adopts the fuzzy consistency matrix to avoid the consistency test and improve weight precision to improve fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.An evaluation model of pig farm standardization based on improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,membership degree and European closeness degree was established,and comprehensive evaluation of three pig farms with different breeding scale was carried out.Pearson correlation between evaluation value and the number of fattening pigs per sow per year （MSY） was analyzed.And the sensitivity of the evaluation model is also analyzed.The results showed that the standardization of each pig farm was at different levels,and the evaluation scores were HI A =0.639,HI B =0.675,HI c =0.744.It was significantly positively correlated with MSY A =17.5,MSY B =19.15,MSY C =22.54.With MSY as the grading standard,pig farms A and B were rated at level 4,while pig farm C was rated at level 2.The evaluation results are consistent with the reality,and the evaluation model is reasonable and effective.Moreover,the changes of investment,site planning,enclosure construction,production management and biosafety factors are highly sensitive to the final evaluation results.
The comprehensive comparative advantage index method is used to calculate the regional comparative advantage of potato cultivation in China, and the panel data of China′s provinces from 2011 to 2018 are used to carry out regression analysis on its influencing factors. The results showed that: The major potato producing provinces′ efficiency advantage index（EAI） in China was higher than 0.5, and the scale advantage index（SAI） of each province decreased generally. The average values of aggregated advantage index（AAI） in Qinghai, Gansu, and other provinces were all larger than 1. Production input and agricultural technology have a significant positive impact on the three comparative advantages. Planting conditions only have a significant positive impact on SAI and AAI. Economic level only has a significant positive impact on SAI, while planting scale is a ’double-edged sword’. Natural endowment and policy support have a positive impact on any comparative advantage, but not significant.
Nitrogen nutritional status is an important parameter for crop growth,and how to accurately monitor it is particularly important.In this paper,the winter wheat leaf reflection spectrum data and the corresponding leaf nitrogen content and leaf nitrogen accumulation data at the experimental base of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences in 2013-2014 were used to screen out the wave bands which are sensitive to leaf nitrogen content and leaf nitrogen accumulation by the combination of bands,and sensitive wave bands were used to establish nitrogen nutrition diagnosis model of winter wheat in each growth period and whole growth period.The results show that:（1） The sensitive spectral parameters of leaf nitrogen content and leaf nitrogen accumulation screened by the combination of bands are NDSI （564,728） ,NDSI （543,728） ,RSI （564,728） and RSI （543,728） ;（2） Among the nitrogen nutrition diagnosis models constructed in each growth period and the whole growth period,the stability and reliability of LNC in each growth period is better than LNA,and the leave-one-out cross validation method also shows that the accuracy of LNC is relatively higher.This study has shown that the nitrogen content of leaves can be used to monitor the nitrogen nutrition status of winter wheat,so as to achieve precise management of nitrogen fertilizer.
In order to explore the germination characteristics of Lolium perenne seeds under different salt and alkali stress, the method of germination on dish paper was used to treat ryegrass seeds with different sodium salt solutions（NaCl, NaHCO 3 , NaCl and NaHCO 3 mixture）. Eight concentration gradients of 0（control）, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200,240, 280 mmol/L were set to detect the changes of germination indexes of Lolium perenne seeds. The results showed that the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of Lolium perenne seeds decreased with the increase of salt and alkali stress concentration. When the concentration of Na+was equal, the indexes under NaCl treatment were higher than those under NaHCO 3 treatment; the germination potential was promoted by the lower concentration（40 mmol/L） and inhibited by the higher concentration（120/160/200 mmol/L）, but decreased under NaHCO 3 treatment; the relative salt injury rate of Lolium perenne seeds perform as NaCl ＜ mixed salt ＜ NaHCO 3 , which indicated that NaHCO 3 had a more significant effect on Lolium perenne seeds than NaCl.
Jixiang pear（original code 57-18） is a new Pyrus ussuriensis variety with strong resistance to cold and disease selected from the Pingguoli seeding. It obtained the registration certificate of non-major crop varieties from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China（2019）. The fruit is green-yellow, sunny slope has a flush, the fruit shape is neat, round, and the average fruit weight is about 145 g, and the maximum fruit is 195 g. The flesh is white, crispy at the beginning of ripening, flesh becomes soft and fragrant after 7 days. The core of Jixiang is small, with few the stone cells, juicy, sweet and sour. The quality is excellent, the soluble solid content is 14.2%, and the soluble sugar is 8.54%. The titration acid is 0.69%. It matures in early September of Jilin Province, normal storage 20-30 days and excellent eating quality.
The germplasm resources of Coix lacryma-jobi L. in Qianxinan Prefecture are mainly local species, which phenotypic traits are different. This study aims to evaluate the diversity of Coix by characters, provide basis for variety improvement and parent selection. Through collecting 10 Coix germplasm resources mainly planted in Qianxinan Prefecture, the quality traits, yield traits and diversity index were analyzed. The result showed that growth period of the 10 germplasms varied greatly, including early, middle and late maturing varieties. The variation coefficient of main quantitative traits ranged from 3.37% to 16.72%, and the diversity index ranged from 1.0027 to 2.1333. The variation coefficient of yield traits ranged from 3.84% to 39.37%, and the diversity index ranged from 0.6365 to1.9793. According to various qualitative characteristics, the local should use the white husked Coix as the improved variety, and the white husked Coix and black husked Coix can be used for breeding other kinds of Coix germplasm.
In this study, 22 sugarbeet varieties cultivated in 2019 in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Vocational and Technical College were used as materials to study the main characters and differences of sugarbeet, and the comprehensive evaluation of these varieties was carried out based on 9 indexes. The main component analysis（PCA） and cluster analysis（CA） were used to evaluate the variability of sugarbeet characters, and their contribution to each variable sort. According to the PCA method, the quality indexes of 22 sugarbeet varieties were divided into four main components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.748%, which reflected most of the information of the investigated characters and the correlation degree of the related characters in each common factor. Sugarbeet varieties were divided into 6 groups according to CA method. The results showed that the first, second and third varieties had better quality. In this paper, the two methods are combined to discuss the cultivation and management measures and improvement objectives of various varieties.
The effects of compound foliar fertilizer on the leaves and fruit of Jinlinghuanglu yellow peach was studied based on imbalance of nutrition supply and demand. The result showed that the contents of chlorophyll and photosynthesis of Jinlinghuanglu yellow peach leaves were significantly increased by adding compound foliar fertilizer.The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate treated with amino acid iron boron zinc calcium fertilizer per plant reached 2.32 g/kg, 0.90 g/kg, 16.90 μmo1/（m~2·s） and 2.31mmo1/（m~2·s）, with the increase of 9.95%、7.14%、18.51% and 9.48%, respectively. The contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar of Jinlinghuanglu yellow peach fruit were also increased by applying compound foliar fertilizer,and the highest contents of fruit soluble solids and soluble sugar were obtained when treated with amino acid iron boron zinc calcium fertilizer per plant and highest contents of which were 1.38% and 0.41% higher than those of the control group. This paper also analyzed the benefit of applying amino acid iron boron zinc calcium fertilizer to Jinlinghuanglu yellow peach.
Iprodione is a kind of high efficient and broad-spectrum diformimide fungicide, which has good control effect on many kinds of fruits and vegetables fungal diseases. However, iprodione is highly toxic to aquatic animals,moderately toxic to plants and birds, it can inhibit the growth of human stem cells, affect the quality of male sperm,cause DNA damage, and may even cause cancer. Iprodione has been listed as a high risk pesticide in Canada and European Union. In this paper, the residues and dissipation dynamics of iprodione in fruits and vegetables and its microbial degradation were summarized in order to provide detailed information for the prevention and control of iprodione contamination.
In order to study the allelopathic effects of Wedelia trilobata on Capsicum annuum var. grossum, the aqueous extract from the leaves and stem of Wedelia trilobata were prepared, and the germination of Capsicum annuum var. grossum seeds were treated with different concentration gradient, exploring different parts and the concentration aqueous extract of Wedelia trilobata to promote or inhibit the effect on germination and growth of Capsicum annuum var. grossum. The results showed that the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of Capsicum annuum var. grossum seeds decreased with the increase of aqueous extract concentration from leaves and stem of Wedelia trilobata. And each index reached the lowest when the treatment concentration reached 0.5 g/mL. The inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of Wedelia trilobata on the germination of Capsicum annuum var. grossum seeds was stem＞leaf. The fresh weigh of the seeding increased with the increase of the concentration of aqueous extract at the beginning, but decreased with the increase of the concentration of aqueous extract after the fresh weigh of the seeding reaching the maximum（11.14 g and 6.82 g）.
Mung bean is mostly planted in flat terrain in Northeastern China. It is necessary to adjust the height of mung bean to make it resistant to lodging for mechanized harvest. We have known that S 3307 could shorten plant height according to previous studies on many other crops. In this experiment, Bailv 9 was used as the test material to spray clear water（CK） and S 3307 with concentrations of 90 mg/L, 120 mg/L and 150 mg/L at seedling stage, branching stage, squaring stage and flowering period. And measured internode length, plant height, height of podding, number of leaves, chlorophyll content and number of pods per plant to find the best period and concentration of spraying S 3307 to shorten the height of mung bean. The two-year results showed that the effective of spraying S 3307 at 120 mg/L in branching stage on the leaves of mung bean worked better, promoting leaves, chlorophyll content and pods per plant.
Rice cooking and eating quality is one of the most important factors affecting its sales. Gel consistency, gelatinization temperature, and amylose content are three important indicators for measuring the cooking and eating quality of rice. Three indicators of Kongyu 131 and Daohuaxiang 2 were measured in order to improve the cooking taste of rice. At the same time, the base sequence differences of 17 genes related to rice starch synthesis between the two varieties were also tested. The function of the differential genes was verified by using the BC 1 F 4 generation after molecular marker-assisted selection as test materials. Kongyu 131 as the donor parent and Daohuaxiang 2 as the recurrent parent. The results showed that: Kongyu 131 and Daohuaxiang 2 had differences in gel consistency and amylose content. In the 17 genes related to taste quality, only SBE3 and SSII-1 were between the two varieties. There are single-base sequence differences. Both SBE3 and SSII-1 from Daohuaxiang 2 have the effect of improving the gel consistency of rice, but SBE3 has a greater effect on the gel consistency, and SSII-1 has a smaller effect on the gel consistency.
Microorganisms play the vital role in the treatment of heavy metals pollution. In this paper, the mechanism of microbial tolerance to heavy metals is systematically described from the aspects of biosorption, biotransformation and efflux, and its development trend is prospected, which is helpful to promote the application process of microorganisms in heavy metal remediation.
The effects of different polymer materials covered with drip irrigation on cotton fields on soil water and salt were studied to provide a theoretical basis for guiding salt regulation in saline-alkali land and the application of polymer materials. This paper analyzes the effects of different treatments on soil moisture, salinity, and cotton by covering high-molecular multi-porous non-woven fabrics between membranes: polyester fiber（polyester PET）, polypropylene fiber（blue polypropylene） and polylactic acid fiber（PLA）. The research results show that:（1） Compared with non-covering measures, non-woven fabrics can reduce surface evaporation and increase soil moisture content between membranes, polyester PET has the best water retention effect after 60 days of coverage. The moisture content of the soil between the membranes increased by 34.95% compared with CK.（2） After using non-woven fabrics to cover the surface, the soil salt and Na + content in the soils between membranes can be reduced to varying degrees.The effect of 0-20 cm soil layers is significant. The desalination effect is as follows: PET＞PP＞PLA＞CK, the highest PET desalination rate is 61.15%.（3） The yield of cotton treated with polyester PET is the highest at 5177.25kg/ha. The output of PLA is the lowest at 4568.19 kg/ha. The use of multi-porous non-woven fabrics covered between membranes reduces water evaporation and salt surface accumulation, improves the water and salt environment of crop growth, and the water retention and desalting effect of polyester PET is the best.
In this study, Adzuki bean varieties: 012-27, Tang Hong 2010-23, JHPX02, and Tang Hong 2010-12were used as testing materials to show the effects of humic acid on the growth and development and yield of adzuki beans at the growth stages. The results showed that the application of 15g/m~2 humic acid can increase leaf area, effectively enhance the root vigor and growth of adzuki bean, and increase the yield. The fresh weight, dry weight, mature pods of individual plants of the four tested varieties under humic acid treatment were significantly higher than those treated without humic acid, reaching 40.55/101.45/86.00/85.73 g, respectively; 8.91/24.45/22.42/19.86 g, respectively; 53/61/48/46 pods per plant, respectively; 62.26/77.26/58.44/53.76 kg/667 m~2, respectively, among which the humic acid application of 15 g/m~2 had the most significant effect on growth promotion, of which Tang Hong 2010-23 had the highest yield of 77.26 kg/667 m~2. This study revealed the their effects on the adzuki bean yield, the related agronomic traits, and physiological characteristics through the study on the effects of humic acid using 4 adzuki bean varieties, and provided a theoretical basis for the green and efficient production of adzuki bean in Liaoning province.
To screen antagonistic endophytic bacteria isolated from the plant of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, of which could inhibit six common diseases of Panax ginseng and three ones of Asarum sclerotium, to provide a base for biological control of some Chinese medicinal materials. The antagonistic endophytic bacteria were isolated and screened by tissue slicing, tissue grinding and hyphal growth rate. The strains with significant bacteriostatic activity（P＜0.05） were identified according to 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis, and the bacteriostatic rate of fermentation broth of active strains was detected by hyphal growth rate method. The fermentation conditions of the strain were optimized by orthogonal test. From the 359 endophytic bacteria isolated from the plant of A. asphodeloides three endophytic bacteria were screened, they are strains of BR10, BR11 and BR26, and all of them have had antagonistic effect and strong bacteriostatic activities to the nine pathogens, there was a highest bacteriostatic rate 92.41% of them. The results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the BR11 had the closest relationship with many strains of Rahnella aquatilis, and was in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree, so the BR11 strain was identified as R. aquatilis. The optimum medium formula and culture conditions of BR11 strains were determined: beef paste 1.5%, glucose 1.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, MgSO 4 0.15%, initial pH value 7.5, temperature 29 ℃, fermentation time 72 h. The endophytic bacteria BR11 from A. asphodeloides is an excellent candidate for the control of ginseng and Asarum diseases.
Using bean Jiuyueqing as a test material, a comparative cultivation experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse. The biological characteristics and yield structure of bean Jiuyueqing were comprehensively analyzed,and the optimum height of bean topping was 1.5 m. The results showed that the topping had little effect on the stem thickness of the bean Jiuyueqing. When the topping height is 1.5 m, the bean can be listed about 13 days earlier,and the maximum leaf area index is 6.42. It is hoped that this experiment will further clarify the topping height of kidney beans, and at the same time provide theoretical conditions for improving the mechanism of topping beans.
Wheat field wireless sensor network is an important basis for realizing agricultural precision operation such as wheat variable fertilization, irrigation decision-making, pest control and other. Aimed at the problems of dynamic changes in wireless sensor networks and short monitoring cycles due to inconvenient power supply for monitoring the wheat farmland and complicated environment. A Topology based energy-efficient cluster-head rotation Scheme for wireless sensor networks in wheat fields（TECRS） was proposed from the perspective of Energy consumption optimization. In this method, the competitive weight of cluster heads was calculated based on the residual energy, topological position, node degree and other factors; and the sensor nodes with high residual energy, large node degree and close to the sink node were selected as the cluster heads in order to improve the energy use efficiency of nodes and extend the network life; finally, in order to solve the problem of high overhead of frequent rotation of cluster heads in traditional clustering algorithm, by changing the cycle of cluster head selection, comparing the average energy consumption and network life of the algorithm under different rotation cycles, the optimal frequency of cluster head rotation was determined. The simulation results show that when the first round of cluster change was carried out every 9 rounds of data upload, the network life cycle and node energy balance of the TECRS algorithm were optimal. The network life cycle was about 2 times of Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy（LEACH）, 1.3 times of Energy Efficient Double Rounds Clustering Protocol（EEDRCP） and A Layer-based Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol（LUCR）, and the energy balance performance of the three algorithms was better, which was more suitable for the monitoring of wheat field wireless sensor network with limited energy Application.
