为探讨轻稀土La在Cd/Cr复合污染土壤种植条件下作物的生长发育效应和抗重金属胁迫生物效应,进一步为农用稀土肥料的科学施用提供借鉴.选用土壤盆栽方法和不同施肥技术(土壤混施、土壤灌施和叶面喷施),研究La对吸收差异型(低吸收累积型和高吸收累积型)小白菜Cd,Cr吸收和生物量的影响.结果表明:La不同施用方式对吸收差异型小白菜茎叶生物量的增产效应总体表现为低吸收累积型显著高于高吸收累积型,其中低吸收累积型以叶面喷施和土壤灌施处理较对照增产显著,而高吸收累积型均未表现增产效果;La不同施用方式对吸收差异型小白菜Cd,Cr吸收的抑制能力效应分别表现为Cd低吸收累积型高于高吸收累积型,Cr高吸收累积型高于低吸收累积型,其中低吸收累积型以叶面喷施和土壤灌施处理抑制Cd,Cr吸收的效应显著,而高吸收累积型抑制Cr吸收显著,抑制Cd吸收不显著或无抑制;La处理对吸收差异型小白菜Cd和Cr转运系数的降低效应变化规律与Cd和Cr抑制能力效应规律基本一致,转运系数降低效应越大,抑制重金属Cd和Cr的吸收作用越显著;外源La显著影响小白菜植株La的吸收与分布,土壤混施和土壤灌施主要以根系吸收积累为主,叶面喷施主要以茎叶吸收积累为主.表明La对Cd/Cr复合污染土壤种植作物重金属抗胁迫能力大小与作物品种重金属吸收差异和施肥技术作用机制不同有关.

为筛选Pb/Zn复合轻污染等级土壤中适宜种植的低积累预防蔬菜品种(Pb+ Zn-PSC)和高积累植物修复品种,提高人类健康饮食安全和农田土壤可持续利用.采用土壤盆栽试验方法,以食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准(HJ/T 332-2006)为依据,比较了Pb/Zn综合污染指数Pj为1.94的轻污染等级土壤中17个小白菜类蔬菜品种对土壤重金属Pb/Zn的吸收积累与转运的差异,并采用聚类分析方法对其进行差异分类.结果 表明,在Pb/Zn复合轻污染等级土壤中,17种蔬菜茎叶中Pb和Zn的质量分数平均值(以鲜质量计)分别为0.065±0.048 mg/kg和25.204±5.546 mg/kg,较对照分别提高32.88％和813.22％,变异系数分别为74.87％和22.00％;17种蔬菜Pb和Zn的转运系数平均值分别为0.103和2.205,较对照分别降低65.89％和提高121.16％,变异系数分别为110.07％和109.36％.表明不同品种蔬菜Zn较Pb更易于从根系向地上部转移和积累;17种蔬菜茎叶的生物量变化与Pb的质量分数和转运系数变化均呈显著负相关,耐性指数变化与Zn质量分数和Pb转运系数均呈显著负相关,表明不同品种蔬菜耐性指数差异可以表征Pb和Zn吸收和转运能力水平的高低.聚类分析表明,17种蔬菜品种茎叶中Pb和Zn的质量分数及其转运系数大小由低到高均划分为3个类群,其中热抗605品种同时具有较低的Pb/Zn吸收和转运能力,华冠青梗油菜品种同时具有较高的Pb/Zn吸收和转运能力.研究提出,不同吸收和转运能力大小的蔬菜品种可分别作为Pb/Zn复合轻污染土壤适宜种植的预防品种(Pb+ Zn—PSC)和植物修复品种.

The objective of this study was to screen out vegetable cultivars with low Cd and Cr accumulations,and to improve the quality and safety of leafy vegetables.Pot-culture experiments were used to study the variety difference of Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation in 17 vegetable cultivars under Cd/Cr combination stress.There were significant variety differences in shoot Cd and Cr concentrations among the 17 vegetable cultivars;the mean concentrations were 0.645 ±0.212 mg·kg FW-1and 0.222 ±0.092 mg·kg FW-1,and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 32.87％ and 41.44％,respectively.The mean translocation factors (TF) of Cd and Cr were 1.031 ± 0.157 and 0.102 ± 0.028,which increased 41.43％ and decreased 37.80％ compared with CK,respectively.Moreover,there were great differences in tolerance among different vegetable cultivars.Shoot Cd accumulation was the main factor causing decreased plant biomass and differences in tolerance.There were significant or very significant positive correlations between the concentrations,the translocation factors of different vegetable varieties,and CK.Accumulation and translocation of Cd and Cr in different vegetable varieties were stable hereditary.Based on the Cd,Cr concentrations,and translocation factors from low to high suggested the 17 vegetable cultivars were divided into 4 groups.The HL2 vegetable cultivar,with low Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation,could be considered to be the Cd/Cr pollution-safe cultivar.

为进一步揭示欧李果实营养代谢规律,从果实矿质营养和钙素营养代谢规律2个方面,对1989年以来有关燕山地区野生欧李资源矿质营养代谢的研究进行了综述.探讨了不同组织器官中矿质营养及钙素营养吸收及分配规律,影响矿质营养和钙素营养吸收与分配的相关因子,并对今后燕山地区欧李果实营养代谢研究进行了展望.

The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between the toxic effects at booting stage and yield at maturity stage in spring wheat and to further evaluate the medium-term toxicity in wheat growth process.The spring wheat variety Jizhangchun-3 was used as the materals by pot experiment to verify the effects of exogenous Ni on the wheat development at booting stage and yield at maturity stage.The correlation of the physiological indexes at both stages was also studied.The results showed that both plant height and leaf dry weight increased but the stem-and ear-dry weight decreased at booting stage while the yield decreased at maturity stage.If the usage of exogenous Ni exceeded 100 mg·kg-1,the stem-and ear-dry weight as well as the yield decreased significantly.Ni contents and the enrichment coefficients in the different organs at booting stage ranged from root,ear,stem to leaf.Exogenous Ni might contribute to Ni accumulation in almost all organs at booting stage and mainly in grain at maturity stage,and absorption curves displayed double peaks.The correlation between Ni contents in soil and Ni contents in wheat organs at booting stage as well as in grain at maturity stage appeared significantly positive.Ni contents in root,in ear and in soil were negatively correlated with stem-and ear-dry weight and yield in grain.However,the stem-and ear-dry weight was positively correlated with the yield in grain.The toxicity indexes at booting stage could be feasible to characterize exogenous Ni toxicity critical value,which would be 139.08 mg·kg-1 total Ni in soil,21.59 mg·kg-1 available Ni in soil (DTPA extraction）,19.17 mg·kg-1 Ni in ear or 318.49 mg·kg-1 Ni in root,respectively.

The objective of this paper was to explore the relationship between the toxic effects of Ni at three-leaf stage and yield at maturity in spring wheat.Spring wheat cultivar Jizhangchun-3 was used in a pot experiment to reveal the effects of exogenous Ni on wheat seedling growth at three-leaf stage and yield at maturity.Physiological indexes of these two stages were also studied.The results showed that less than 100 mg· kg-1 exogenous Ni did not reduce the stem and leaf dry weight and the yield significantly (p＞0.05),whereas the contents of both soluble sugar (p＞0.05) and nitrate (p＜0.01) as well as the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight increased.When exogenous Ni exceeded 100 mg· kg-1,stem and leaf dry weight,soluble sugar content,nitrate content,and the yield decreased (p＜0.05 orp＜0.01).However,starch and ascorbic acid content increased (p＜0.05 orp＜0.01),and the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight decreased.Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between Ni content in soil and Ni content in wheat seedlings (p＜0.01).However,Ni content both in soil and in wheat seedlings had a significantly negative correlation with stem and leaf dry weight,soluble sugar content,and yield (p＜0.05 or p＜0.01).These results indicated that the negative effects on wheat seedlings and decreased yield at maturity were caused by the toxic effects of Ni,and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was the same for both seedling effects and yield.Most importantly,stem and leaf dry weight,soluble sugar content,and nitrate content at three-leaf stage all displayed a significantly positive correlation with the yield at maturity stage (p＜0.05 or p＜0.01).It may be feasible for the toxicity indexes at three-leaf stage to characterize Ni toxicity on yield at maturity stage.It was determined that the NOEC of 139.08 mg·kg-1 total Ni in soil,21.59 mg·kg-1 available Ni in soil (DTPA extraction),15.37 mg·kg-1 Ni in both stems and leaves,or 361.78 mg·kg-1 Ni in roots,respectively.

Using Chinese cabbage and rape as test material and examining the same soil conditions at different seasons（spring and autumn）, the effects of mixed rare earth fertilizer on the yield and nutrient quality of leafy vegetables were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mixed rare earth fertilizer in agriculture. Results showed a seasonal difference in the nutrient quality of Chinese cabbage and rape. For crops planted in autumn, the soluble sugar and vitamin C content were higher, the titratable acid and nitrate content were lower, and the sugar acid ratio was higher relative to crops planted in spring. Mixed rare earth treatments promoted growth of both crops during both seasons. The plot yield, stem and leaf fresh and dry matter weight, and dry and fresh ratio increased. These increases for Chinese cabbage were greater in autumn than in spring while for rape, the increases were greater in spring than autumn. The soluble sugar content, titratable acid content and sugar acid ratio were increased and the nitrate content decreased, in autumn the effects were more obvious than in spring. In spring, the vitamin C content was increased, and the increase was greater for Chinese cabbage than rape. In autumn, the vitamin C content decreased, and the decrease was greater for rape than Chinese cabbage. At the same time, the content of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni in stems and leaves decreased. This decrease was greater in spring for Chinese cabbage and in autumn for rape.

为确定冀东地区春小麦不同生育期各器官中主要矿质营养元素的吸收与分配规律,以春小麦品种冀张春3号为材料,研究了在盆栽试验条件下春小麦不同生育期、不同器官中Ni,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg,K等8种矿质营养元素的吸收、积累与分配的动态变化.结果表明,各器官中不同矿质元素含量随生长发育进程变化各异,在发育前期或发育后期呈“单峰”或“双峰”变化.生育期各器官中矿质营养元素的质量分数均值大小比较,除叶片中Ca和茎秆中K的质量分数高于其它器官外,其它元素的质量分数均以根系中最高.生育前期(三叶期～孕穗期)Ni,Fe,Mn主要积累于根系;Cu和Ca主要积累于叶片;Zn,Mg,K主要积累于茎秆.进入成熟期,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mg主要向籽粒中转移(分配率分别为65.02％,46.73％,53.90％,44.73％),Ni和K主要积累于茎秆(分配率分别为32.04％和35.22％)和籽粒(分配率分别为22.28％和32.36％)中,Fe主要以叶片中积累为主(分配率为32.87％),Ca主要积累于小麦茎秆中(分配率为46.04％).拔节期至孕穗期是矿质元素吸收速率最高的时期;乳熟期至成熟期Ni,Mn,Fe,Ca元素出现二次吸收高峰.

The current study was to explore the mitigatory effects of silicon on chromium toxicity at hydroponic condition.The ultrastructure,chromium absorption and accumulation of wheat seedlings were investigated with two concentration levels of chromium(0.4and 0.8mmol·L-1)and three concentration levels of silicon(0.5,1.0and 1.5mmol·L-1).The results indicated that 0.5mmol·L-1silicon-treatment could effectively suppress chromium accumulation and significantly reduce the concentration of chromium and bioconcentration factor in wheat roots when wheat seedlings were treated with 0.4mmol·L-1 chromium solution.Similarly,1.0mmol·L-1 silicon-treatment could effectively suppress chromium accumulation and reduce the concentration of chromiumin wheat roots when wheat seedlings were handled with 0.8mmol·L-1 chromium solution.Silicon-treatment tended to increase the concentration of chromium,bioconcentration factor and transfer coefficient in both leaf sheaths and leaves.The structure of cell,membrane system,chloroplast,thylakoid,mitochondria and mitochondrial crista were recovered with the addition of silicon under chromium stress.The integrity of cell nucleus was also recovered.The damage of chromium stress on ultrastructure of wheat seed-lings were mitigated with the addition of silicon,and the mitigation was enhanced as the increase of silicon concentration.

Different forms of calcium in wild Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis) fruits (two genotypes, small- fruit-type and big-fruit-type) were sequential extracted and measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The calcium content variation after postharvest storage was also studied, to provide the theory basis for the active nutritional ingredient evaluation of Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis). The results showed that, wild Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis) fruits in mature stage were rich in calcium nutrition element and mainly composed by water soluble calcium and calcium phosphate which absorbable to human. Absorbable calcium (including water soluble calcium and calcium phosphate) content in small-fruit-type (63.79%) was significantly higher than that of big-fruit-type (54.97%). After postharvest storage, the water soluble calcium content was increased while the calcium pectate and calcium oxalate content dropped. Especially to the big- fruit-type, the absorbable calcium content increased to 75.49% compared with just picking 54.97% (small-fruit-type increased from 63.79% to 68.86%). The study suggested that Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis) was a natural and biological calcium supplement to people; meanwhile, small-fruit-type was more suitable, especially after postharvest storage.

Triple whitlockite-type structure-based red phosphors Ca8 MgBi1-x(PO4)7:xEu(3+) (x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80 and 1.00) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction route and characterized by their X-ray crystal structures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectra, morphologies, photoluminescence spectra, UV/Vis reflectance spectra, decay times and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Ca8MgBi1-x(PO4)7:xEu(3+) were analyzed. Eu-doped Ca8MgBi(PO4)7 phosphors exhibited strong red luminescence with peaks at 616 nm due to the (5)D0 → (7)F2 electric dipole transition of Eu(3+) ions after excitation at 396 nm. The UV/Vis spectra indicated that the band gap of Ca8MgBi0.30(PO4)7:0.70Eu(3+) is larger than that of Ca8MgBi(PO4)7. The phosphor developed in this study has great potential as a red-light-emitting phosphor for UV light-emitting diodes.

A series of single-phase full-color emitting Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence analyses. The samples showed emission peaks at 488 nm (blue), 572 nm (yellow), 592 nm (orange) and 617 nm (red) under 393 nm excitation. The photoluminescence excitation spectra, comprising the Eu-O charge transfer band and 4f-4f transition bands of Dy(3+) and Eu(3+) , range from 200 to 500 nm. The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates for Li2 Sr0.98-x SiO4 :0.02Dy(3+) ,xEu(3+) phosphors were simulated. By manipulating Eu(3+) and Dy(3+) concentrations, the color points of Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) were tuned from the greenish-white region to white light and eventually to reddish-white region, demonstrating that a tunable white light can be obtained by Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) phosphors. Li2 Sr0.98-x SiO4 :0.02Dy(3+) , xEu(3+) can serve as a white-light-emitting phosphor for phosphor-converted light-emitting diode.

野生欧李（Cerasus humilis）果实俗称"钙果",因其人体所需的活性钙（水溶性钙和磷酸钙）含量高而备受关注（曹琴等,1999;张美莉等,2007;马建军等,2007;刘会茹等,2011）。实生居群的野生欧李果实中矿质营养代谢存在遗传多样性,这与丰富的营养器官和生殖器官性状遗传变异类型等因素有关（王有信等,2005）,经系统聚类分析,实生野生欧李按果实和叶片大小划分为2种类型:小叶小果型

A series of novel orange red emitting Ca1−xMoO4:xSm3+ (0<x≤0.03) and Ca0.99Mo1−yAlyO4:0.01Sm3+ (0≤y≤0.1) phosphors were prepared by the high temperature solid state method. The phases and luminescent properties of the obtained Ca1−xMoO4:xSm3+ (0<x≤0.03) and Ca0.99Mo1−yAlyO4:0.01Sm3+ phosphors were characterized. Results demonstrate that the phosphors particles emit an intensive reddish orange light emission under excitation at 403nm. Emission bands of 4G5/2→6H5/2 (564nm), 4G5/2→6H7/2 (599nm), and 4G5/2→6H9/2 (646nm) for the Sm3+, with an excitation at 6H5/2→4F7/2 (402nm) have been recorded. Of them, 4G5/2→6H7/2 (598nm) has shown a bright orange emission. Additionally, the effect of Al3+ incorporation concentration on the luminescent properties of Ca0.99MoO4:0.01Sm3+ was investigated. Results suggest that Ca0.99Mo1−yAlyO4:0.01Sm3+ is a promising orange red-emitting phosphor for UV LED applications.

A series of single-phase full-color emitting Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence analyses. The samples showed emission peaks at 488 nm (blue), 572 nm (yellow), 592 nm (orange) and 617 nm (red) under 393 nm excitation. The photoluminescence excitation spectra, comprising the Eu-O charge transfer band and 4f-4f transition bands of Dy(3+) and Eu(3+) , range from 200 to 500 nm. The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates for Li2 Sr0.98-x SiO4 :0.02Dy(3+) ,xEu(3+) phosphors were simulated. By manipulating Eu(3+) and Dy(3+) concentrations, the color points of Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) were tuned from the greenish-white region to white light and eventually to reddish-white region, demonstrating that a tunable white light can be obtained by Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) phosphors. Li2 Sr0.98-x SiO4 :0.02Dy(3+) , xEu(3+) can serve as a white-light-emitting phosphor for phosphor-converted light-emitting diode.

【目的】探讨CaM和Ca2+-ATPase对欧李果实发育成熟的调节作用机制。【方法】以野生欧李果实为材料,测定欧李果实发育成熟过程中CaM含量和Ca2+-ATPase活性的动态变化。【结果】欧李果实发育前期Ca2+-ATPase活性持续升高,果实发育成熟后期,其活性逐渐降低;果实中CaM含量随果实发育呈持续增加趋势,在果实发育前期和后期均存在一明显上升期。【结论】果实中CaM含量与Ca2+-ATPase活性变化与欧李果实周年发育特征和钙含量动态变化相对应。

Sm3+ doped β-Ca3(PO4)2 without or with different charge compensation approaches (co-doping Li+, Na+, K+ and Si4+) were prepared by solid state reaction. The phases and luminescent properties of the obtained phosphors were characterized. The results demonstrate that the phosphors particles emit an intensive reddish orange light under excitation at 403nm. Ca3−x(PO4)2:xSm3+ phosphor can be efficiently excited by ultraviolet and blue light, and the emission spectrum consists of three emission peaks at 564, 601 and 647nm. By introducing the charge compensator R+ (R=Li, Na, and K) and Si4+ into the Ca3−x(PO4)2:xSm3+ phosphor, its emission intensity can be enhanced. The results suggest that Ca2.97(P0.985Si0.015O4)2:0.03Sm3+ is a promising orange red-emitting phosphor for UV LED applications.