Cognitive processes are fundamentals of safety behavior of construction workers. Exposure to hypoxia may impair their cognitive abilities and increase their susceptibility to cognitive failure. However, the high-altitude effect on the cognitive abilities of construction workers remains unclear. This study assessed the cognitive impairment experienced by construction workers on high-altitude construction sites. Ten practitioners engaged in high-altitude construction project were recruited to assess four cognitive abilities: sustained attention, selective attention, working memory, and executive ability using the Simple Reaction Time Test, the Color Word Stroop Test, the 2-Back Test, and the Go-Nogo Test through a baseline and plateau follow-up test. Results showed that hypoxia exposure reduced each of the four cognitive abilities by 11–31% and caused sustained impairment in working memory. In addition, electroencephalogram was used to monitor pre-service fatigue marked by cognitive impairment, achieving an accuracy rate of 91%. This study provides insights to protect and improve occupational safety and health of highland construction practitioners.

Construction accidents are primarily and directly caused by unsafe behavior.Traditional safety intervention techniques based on behavioral safety are restricted to rewards and punishments,which have a limited capacity for sus-tainability,and the intervention effect declines noticeably as intervention time increases.Based on the(Leadership-Cul-ture-Behavior)LCB theory of construction safety,the aim of this study is to develop a targeted LCB intervention ap-proach,and through comprehensive LCB intervention,to enhance the safety management of construction projects.In or-der to establish the goals of the intervention,the case project's performance in terms of safety leadership,safety culture,and safety management behavior was first assessed by using the LCB measuring scale.Following the identification of five interventions using LCB theory,an intervention program was developed based on on-site research and interviews.Finally,LCB measurement during the observation period and another LCB measurement during the follow-up period were under-taken to validate the sustainability of the intervention effects.The results indicated that the developed intervention pro-gram achieved significant and sustained improvements in the three LCB dimensions of attention to respect,education and training,and safety education.The methods described in this paper can be used as a reference for similar programs to conduct safety interventions,enriching LCB intervention practices and further deepening LCB theory.

The number of construction projects at high altitude has continued to increase in recent years. Studies have shown that high-altitude environments pose significant challenges to construction workers and that hypoxia can cause cognitive and physical impairments. However, it remains unclear whether and how high-altitude exposure affects construction workers ' fatigue, which limits the effectiveness of occupational safety and health management in high-altitude projects. To address this concern, this cross-sectional study analyzed data from 646 workers at construction sites located at altitudes around 4000 m, aiming to identify factors contributing to fatigue. Using Bayesian network modeling, the study explored the interdependencies between shift conditions, sleep quality, work overload, and duration of high-altitude exposure on pre-service and work fatigue. The analysis revealed that sleep quality and shift patterns are primary predictors of pre-service fatigue, with work overload also playing a significant role. Pre-service fatigue emerged as a critical mediator for work fatigue, especially when combined with high workload. Notably, the duration of high-altitude exposure influenced both pre-service fatigue and work fatigue. These insights emphasize the need for comprehensive fatigue management strategies that consider individual and job-related factors to enhance safety outcomes. The study advocates for targeted fatigue monitoring and management practices, including pre-service training and real-time fatigue monitoring, to ensure the health and safety of workers in high-altitude construction environments.

Enhancements in the owner’s safety leadership-culture-management behavior (LCB) yield positive effects on project safety performance. Although previous research has explored the “forward” impacts from leadership to culture to behavior, this study delves into the less-explored “reverse” impacts from behavior to culture to leadership and the interplay among LCB via association rule analysis, aiming to elucidate how LCB interact and synergize. The results not only confirm the “forward” impacts and indicate the roles of transformational safety leadership in promoting the culture of safety commitment and transactional leadership in the improvement of safety management systems, but also find the “reverse” impacts, indicating that an open and actively participatory safety culture can affect the shaping of transformational leadership. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need to bolster key dimensions, such as performance control within safety leadership, and management commitment, safety management system, and safety involvement within safety culture, because of their pivotal mediating roles in the process in which safety leadership affects behavior, and behavior, in turn, influences leadership. Moreover, utilizing combined interventions in dimensions such as safety communication, safety training, supervisory and supportive environment, education and training, and stakeholder management will yield greater improvements.

Construction workers frequently experience mental fatigue owing to the high cognitive load of their tasks in a dynamic, complex environment, diminishing their cognitive ability and mobility and necessitating monitoring to ensure safety. Traditional fatigue evaluations rely on the subjective judgment of site managers and workers; this study developed a wireless device to objectively monitor the mental fatigue of construction workers using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The EEG signals of 16 construction workers were recorded while they performed a continuous physical–cognitive task, and the resulting EEG time–frequency–energy data were processed by a continuous wavelet transform and convolutional neural network to identify mental fatigue states without requiring manual feature extraction. The cognitive fatigue state classifications provided by the proposed framework were shown to match the self-reported fatigue states with 88.85% accuracy. This method can therefore facilitate real-time, continuously updating fatigue identification to support safety management on construction sites.

Construction safety is a serious issue in the construction industry, while workers' unsafe behavior is one of the major factors leading to construction accidents. It is believed that owners' safety management behavior has an important impact on workers' unsafe behavior. However, the specific impact mechanism is not yet clear from the perspective of owners, resulting in that the role of owners' safety management in safety performance is relatively low. This research aims to reveal the impact path and ability of owners' diverse management behavior on workers' safety behavior by establishing a structural model, which contains the dimensions under the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Behavior-Based Safety (BBS). Firstly, based on the theories, the key safety man-agement dimensions in developers or owners were determined and the hypothetical model of the safety impact mechanism is presented. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted in a large real estate developer in China, 2,991 valid questionnaires were collected. Empirical analysis was further conducted by using Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that objectives and assess-ments (OA) and safety organization (SO) have an indirect effect on workers' safety behavior (WSB) through management practices (i.e., hazard and emergency management (HEM), and subcontractor management (SM)), while WSB also influences accident management (AM). Particularly, the path with the most impact power is OA-SO-HEM-WSB. These research findings can guide developers or owners to participate in the performance improvement of construction safety management.

The positive influence of owners' safety management on the safety performance of construction projects has gained significant attention. Considerable research has been performed to examine the relationship of owners' safety leadership (SL), safety culture (SC), and safety management behavior (SMB). However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of influence of owners' leadership-culture behavior (LCB) and recommendations to improve owners' safety management behavior. This study developed the influence mechanism of owner LCB and explored the optimal intervention plan to improve owners' SMB. First, a longitudinal survey was undertaken, which included more than 2,000 construction projects across China, to collect data. Subsequently, a Bayesian network (BN) was constructed to characterize the influence mechanism of owner LCB. Finally, the effects of different intervention plans on SMB were compared. The results proved that the owners' SL had considerable effects on behavioral improvement when SL and SC were at low levels, whereas SC became prominent when SL and SC were at medium or high levels. This shows that safety leadership and safety culture successively play a role in behavior improvement. Additionally, the combined improvement of role modeling and safety training achieved the best improvement effect on SMB in case projects, which reveals that a combination of safety leadership and safety culture plays a greater role in behavior improvement. This study contributes to the LCB approach and proposes a selection scheme for intervention measures to improve owners' safety management behavior.

数据采集、施工辅助等信息技术的快速发展为提升施工安全提供了大量新的解决方案.本研究利用文献计量方法,从人机协同、数据驱动、人的行为与文化三个维度分析建设施工安全的研究现状,然后依据专家咨询确定了面向2035的建设施工安全研究发展需求,并指出未来的重点任务.建设施工安全研究正逐步迈向智能化,人机协同、数据驱动类研究解决了施工现场数据智能化收集、处理、分析、反馈等问题,但人的行为与文化类研究智能化程度仍有限,为真正实现智慧施工,须要在利用与发展新技术的基础上重点解决与人有关的科学问题.

Safety culture can change human behavior pattern from consciousness level, and realize accident prevention by reducing or even eliminating unsafe behaviors. However, it is impossible to systematically and directly develop safety culture enhancement measures with reference to the existing dimensions and items of safety culture measurement methods. Therefore, based on the “Wuli-Shili-Renli” (WSR) system approach, a construction project safety culture element system is constructed, which includes three dimensions of human, affairs, and things, as well as related elements and properties. Furthermore, according to management mechanism design theory, a management mechanism analysis model of safety culture improvement measures is proposed with the kernel of adjustment of the states of elements, properties, and their logical relationship. The application and effect of proposed method are introduced in combination with case study. The proposed approach can systematically analyze and improve the existing improvement measures and provide new perspective for the development of new measures.

建筑业中建设方安全管理行为的重要性已经得到广泛认可,但现有研究大多集中在特定的安全管理实践上,缺乏对建设方安全管理行为的系统性、针对性提升.文章旨在基于施工安全LCB理论对建设方的不安全管理行为进行测评,通过安全领导力和安全文化的改善实现建设方安全管理行为的提升.首先,利用安全管理行为检查表对建设方安全管理行为作出测评,确定提升目标.然后,依据LCB理论和现场调研访谈确定引导、保障、约束、控制4类共16项干预行为.最后,持续测评以检测干预行为的提升效果.结果 表明,建设方安全检查与整改、合作方管理、安全目标与考核、风险与应急管理四项安全管理行为得到显著提升.文章所述方法能帮助学界加深对建设方安全管理行为的理解,通过LCB理论对建设方安全管理行为进行测评提升能够得到理想的效果.