Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted tremendous interest due to their potential applications in wearable electronics. However, due to the nonideal contacts between the electrodes and organic semiconductors, OPDs still suffer from high dark current and slow frequency response. Herein, by inserting potassium aspartic acid (PAA) interlayers between ITO/metal oxides and the metal oxides/active layer, the shunts and hole injections are blocked and the energy levels of the electrodes are aligned. As a result, our dual-interface modified OPDs (ITO/PAA/ZnO/PAA/PTB7-Th:ITIC/MoO3/Ag) exhibit suppressed dark current 550 times lower than the reference device, corresponding to specific detectivity of 2.1 x 10(12) Jones, broad linear dynamic range of 113 dB, and quick response time to the nanosecond level. PAA interlayers have also been demonstrated to improve the storage stability of OPDs, leading to 10 times slower degradation for the on/off ratio when compared with the reference and conventional polyethylenimine-modified OPDs. [GRAPHICS]

Acteoside is a bioactive phenylethanoid glycoside widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Because of its two catechol moieties, acteoside displays a variety of beneficial activities. The biosynthetic pathway of acteoside has been largely elucidated, but the assembly logic of two catechol moieties in acteoside remains unclear. Here, we identified a novel polyphenol oxidase OfPPO2 from Osmanthus fragrans, which could hydroxylate various monophenolic substrates, including tyrosine, tyrosol, tyramine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, salidroside, and osmanthuside A, leading to the formation of corresponding catechol-containing intermediates for acteoside biosynthesis. OfPPO2 could also convert osmanthuside B into acteoside, creating catechol moieties directly via post-modification of the acteoside skeleton. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and subcellular localization assay further support the involvement of OfPPO2 in acteoside biosynthesis in planta. These findings suggest that the biosynthesis of acteoside in O. fragrans may follow "parallel routes" rather than the conventionally considered linear route. In support of this hypothesis, the glycosyltransferase OfUGT and the acyltransferase OfAT could direct the flux of diphenolic intermediates generated by OfPPO2 into acteoside. Significantly, OfPPO2 and its orthologs constitute a functionally conserved enzyme family that evolved independently from other known biosynthetic enzymes of acteoside, implying that the substrate promiscuity of this PPO family may offer acteoside-producing plants alternative ways to synthesize acteoside. Overall, this work expands our understanding of parallel pathways plants may employ to efficiently synthesize acteoside, a strategy that may contribute to plants' adaptation to environmental challenges.

Photocatalysts based on organic heterojunction nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted a rising interest for photocatalytic hydrogen (H-2) evolution (PHE), which demands an in-depth understanding of the correlation between their molecular structure and PHE properties. In this work, three n-type, small-molecule electron acceptors, namely ITIC, IT-4F, and IDMIC, with varied end groups and alkyl chain lengths are utilized to prepare organic heterojunction NP photocatalysts with the p-type electron donor PM6, and their PHE properties and operational stabilities are characterized and correlated with their structural differences. Our results show that the PM6:ITIC heterojunction NPs only enable a low H2 evolution reaction (HER) rate, which is enhanced in the PM6:IT-4F system due to its improved light absorption and more efficient exciton separation capabilities after molecular fluorination. Encouragingly, because of the reduced alkyl chain lengths, the PM6:IDMIC heterojunction NPs exhibit a more efficient exciton separation and a superior Pt loading ability, which translates to HER rates of 328 and 22 mmol g(-1) h(-1) with Pt additions of 15 and 2 wt %, respectively, which are among the highest values for photocatalysts. Moreover, the PM6:IDMIC heterojunction NPs also demonstrate the best operational stability due to having the slowest NP aggregation and photochemical degradation.

Interfacial modification is crucial for achieving efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution-cast poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) interlayer was applied to enhance the efficiency and stability of a range of OSCs, and the underlying mechanism was revealed via morphological and device physics studies. DMF rinse during the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer casting process strengthens π-π stacking of the active layer with fibril aggregation, optimized phase separation, and vertical component distribution, while the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer with rich diploes contributes to increased surface potential and internal electric field. The synergistic effect of the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer and DMF rinse increases the PCEs of PM6:IT-4F, PM6:C5-16, and PM6:L8-BO OSCs from 12.7, 17.9, and 18.2% to 13.1, 18.7, and 18.8%, respectively. Additionally, OSCs containing the P(VDF-TrFE) interlayer also showed improved storage stability.

主要对国内外肝癌患者自我报告结局评估工具及其在肝癌领域中的应用现状进行综述,旨在为我国开发和汉化肝癌患者自我报告结局评估工具以及临床医务人员选择合适的评估工具提供参考.

目的:基于结构方程模型探讨社区老年人智慧养老的知信行现状及影响因素,分析三者间的相互关系.方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,选取646名衡阳市不同社区的老年人进行横断面调查.结果:社区老年人智慧养老知信行受多方面因素影响,智慧养老知识对行为的直接效应、间接效应和总效应分别为0.290,0.155,0.445,智慧养老态度具有部分中介效应.态度对行为的直接效应为0.370,无间接效应.结论:社区老年人智慧养老知信行整体水平较低,知识可以直接或通过态度间接影响行为.提高智慧养老知识水平进而强化智慧养老态度和行为是提高社区老年人智慧养老整体水平的有效途径.

目的:构建冠心病患者心脏康复依从性评价量表,为开展针对性干预提供测评工具.方法:在前期开展的半结构访谈基础上,采用文献回顾法并结合2018版《中国心脏康复/二级预防指南》《中国居民膳食指南》等形成初始量表条目池并编制专家函询问卷.采用德尔菲法,对22名专家进行两轮函询,根据专家函询结果筛选量表条目.结果:2轮函询问卷有效回收率均为100％;2轮函询专家的权威系数分别为0.884,0.911.第2轮专家函询中一级指标、二级指标的Kendall协调系数分别为0.374,0.168(P＜0.05).本研究构建的冠心病患者心脏康复依从性量表包括运动依从性、服药依从性、危险因素管理及戒烟限酒依从性、营养管理依从性、心理管理依从性5个一级指标,35个二级指标.结论:本研究构建的冠心病患者心脏康复依从性评价量表,研究方法科学、可靠,可为冠心病患者心脏康复依从性评价提供借鉴,但还需进一步的实证研究.

挑战性行为是阿尔茨海默病患者最常见的异常行为症状,也是患者健康状况不佳的一种表现,给患者自身及其照顾者带来了极大的负担.该文介绍了阿尔茨海默病患者挑战性行为常见评估工具的主要内容、信效度、特点、应用现状及适用性,以期为国内阿尔茨海默病患者挑战性行为评估工具的开发提供参考,为医护人员科学选用评估工具提供借鉴.

Ternary strategy is identified as an effective method to fine-tune the optoelectronic properties of the photoactive layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) toward high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Although numerous high-performance ternary OSCs have been established, the underlying fundamentals of ternary OSCs are still not fully understood, and a general rule for the ternary system design is highly appreciated. In this contribution, we demonstrate the construction of high-performance ternary OSCs via the co-crystallization of conjugated host donor PM6 and guest donor D18-Cl. Due to the similar chemical structure, larger planarity, and lower surface energy of D18-Cl, it locates in the PM6 phase and organizes with PM6 during solution casting, leading to the formation of co-crystallized fibrillar donor phase with enhanced structural order and charge transport channels. As a result, a series of binary host systems, including PM6:BTP-4F-C6-16, PM6:Y6, and PM6:Y7-BO obtained enhanced efficiency with the presence of D18-Cl as the guest donor, achieving a superior PCE of 18.5% in the PM6:D18-Cl:BTP-4F-C6-16 ternary OSCs. This work is the first demonstration of co-crystallized polymer donor fibrils to boost the charge transport and power conversion of ternary OSCs.

对国内外护理人员感知压力相关评估工具的内容、特点、应用情况及优缺点等进行综述,概述护理人员感知压力普适性、专科性评估工具的基本特征,并进行对比分析,为在普适性评估工具基础上制订专科性评估工具提供参考,并为护理管理者科学选用测评工具提供借鉴.

Interlayers play a vital role in achieving high efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted OSCs; however, its high structural defects and intrinsic photocatalytic nature toward nonfullerene acceptors limit its applications in OSCs. Herein, a low-cost, environmentally-friendly biomolecule, potassium aspartic acid (PAA), is introduced as the interlayer on top of the ZnO ETL. Through experimental results and theoretical calculations, we find PAA not only can tune energy alignments and passivate oxygen vacancy defects and zinc interstitial dangling bonds but also can promote the pi-pi stacking strength of the active layer, leading to enhanced charge collection and photovoltaic performance in both IT series (e.g., PM6:IT-4F) and Y series (e.g., PM6:BTP-4F-C5-16) OSCs. Moreover, benefiting from the reduced surface defects of ZnO, OSCs based upon the ZnO/PAA ETL exhibit superior stabilities under continuous operation as well as UV-light irradiation, leading to an improved T80 lifetime of around 4 times compared to OSCs fabricated without the PAA interlayer. This work provides a universal solution to fabricate efficient and stable inverted OSCs.

Cellulose-based materials hold great promise for excellent triboelectric materials due to their fascinating attributes. However, few works have studied in a detail and systematic manner of the relationship between the cellulose structure and the output performance. Herein, we report the preparation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCN) aerogel films with a high specific surface area of 134.1 m2/g as a high-performance inorganic filler-free triboelectric positive layer by a simple and controllable method. TOCN aerogel films with different structures were prepared in one-step by a direct freeze-drying process from quick freezing TOCN dispersions. The effects of four gradually increasing freezing rate methods on TOCN aerogels were proposed and studied. And the addition of TBA improved the freezing rate, reduced the volume expansion and decreased the surface tension, which were beneficial to the triboelectric properties of TOCN aerogel films. Effects of the nanofibril structures and device parameters on their triboelectric output performance were also discussed in detail. Without the addition of any fillers and chemical modification, the pure TOCN aerogel film based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices achieved a record power density of 156 mW/m2. Meanwhile, external influencing factors of the device and recyclability of the pure cellulose triboelectric material were systematically investigated. This work would provide a comprehensive guidance for the design and preparation of high-performance cellulose-based triboelectric positive materials.

Flavonoids that exhibit various biological activities such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties are found in a wide range of medicinal plants. Among the flavonoid-producing plants identified so far, the genus Epimedium is recognised as a group of prolific prenyl-flavonoid glycoside producers with high economic value in the global dietary supplement market. To date, the biosynthetic genes for prenyl-flavonoid glycosides still remain elusive in Epimedium. Here, we identified five genes in Epimedium wushanense responsible for the biosynthesis of naringenin, the common precursor for flavonoid natural products. We successfully set up the biosynthetic pathway of naringenin using l-tyrosine as the precursor through enzymatic assays of these genes' encoding products, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EwPAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (Ew4CL1), chalcone synthase (EwCHS1), chalcone isomerase (EwCHI1) and CHI-like protein (EwCHIL3). Intriguingly, in vitro characterisation of the above catalytic enzymes' substrate specificity indicated a route parallel to naringenin biosynthesis, which starts from l-phenylalanine and ends in pinocembrin. The fact that there is no pinocembrin or pinocembrin-derived flavonoid accumulated in E. wushanense prompted us to propose that pinocembrin is likely converted into naringenin in vivo, constituting two parallel biosynthetic pathways for naringenin. Therefore, our study provides a basis for the full elucidation of the biosynthetic logic of prenyl-flavonoid glycoside in Epimedium, paving the way for future metabolite engineering and molecular breeding of E. wushanense to acquire a higher titre of desired, bioactive flavonoid compounds.

目的 探讨p38-丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体(AT2R)活化影响缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12)细胞存活中的作用.方法 以连二亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O4)模拟细胞缺氧反应的环境,复制H/R损伤细胞模型(对照组),给予AT2R激动剂(CGP42112,CGP42112组)、p38-MAPK抑制剂(SB203580,SB203580组)和(或)AT2R抑制剂(PD123319)分别处理细胞,四氮唑盐(MTT)法检测细胞存活率,逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA表达,Western blot检测磷酸化p38-MAPK(p-p38-MAPK)、Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达.结果 与对照组比较,CGP42112组和SB203580组PC12细胞存活率升高(P<0.05).CGP42112可下调细胞中p-p38-MAPK蛋白表达,PD123319可上调p-p38-MAPK蛋白表达,且均呈浓度和时间依赖性(P<0.05).CGP42112组和SB203580组Bax mRNA及蛋白表达水平降低,Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05).结论 AT2R活化可通过调控p38-MAPK信号通路而影响Bcl-2和Bax的表达,促进H/R损伤PC12细胞的存活.

Tricyclic carbazole is an important scaffold in many naturally occurring metabolites, as well as valuable building blocks. Here we report the reconstitution of the ring A formation of the bacterial neocarazostatin A carbazole metabolite. We provide evidence of the involvement of two unusual aromatic polyketide proteins. This finding suggests how new enzymatic activities can be recruited to specific pathways to expand biosynthetic capacities. Finally, we leveraged our bioinformatics survey to identify the untapped capacity of carbazole biosynthesis.

[目的]探讨急诊科护士对急性非创伤性胸痛病人分诊的工作体验.[方法]采用现象学研究方法,对衡阳市三级甲等医院7名急诊科分诊护士进行半结构式访谈.[结果]关于急诊科护士对非创伤性胸痛病人的分诊体验提炼出病人主诉很重要、缺乏分诊工具、急诊科护士储备不足、建设胸痛中心至关重要4大主题.[结论]构建统一的急性胸痛护理分诊工具是当前亟须解决的问题.

[目的]了解冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后病人健康商数及治疗依从性现状,探讨二者之间的关系.[方法]便利抽样法选取衡阳市三级甲等医院心内科共192例冠心病PCI术后病人,采用一般资料调查问卷、简要健康商数指数测评20题问卷、冠状动脉介入术后病人治疗依从性问卷进行调查.[结果]192例冠心病PCI术后病人健康商数得分(59.92±10.55)分;40.1％ 的病人服药依从性好,79.2％ 的病人没有按要求复查冠状动脉造影,48.4％ 的病人没有按要求进行运动试验,生活方式依从性中,67.7％的病人仍未控制高脂饮食的摄入,53.6％ 的病人未控制好体重,79.2％ 的病人运动依从性差;相关性分析显示健康商数与治疗依从性的3个维度呈正相关.[结论]冠心病PCI术后病人健康商数水平低,从而治疗依从性差,需进一步制定干预方案提高病人健康商数,从而促进病人的治疗依从性.

A new and novel signal probe based on silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) nanocomposite (Ag NCs-HRP) was developed. The probe was utilized for electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The Ag NCs was synthesized via chemical reduction in the presence of DNA strand containing CEA aptamer (ATACCAGCTTATTCAATT) and the Ag NCs synthesis template (C12). After the adsorption of HRP onto Ag NCs surface, the resulted Ag NCs-HRP could bind with CEA and acted as signaling probe. The assay involves the following steps: (1) construction of an immunosensor by immobilizing the antibody against CEA on a glassy carbon electrode; (2) incubate the immunosensor with sample containing CEA; (3) incubate the immunosensor with Ag NCs-HRP; (4) signal amplification via HRP catalyzed deposition of an insulating polymer film, poly(3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine) (PDB) onto electrode surface; (5) measurement via square wave voltammetry in Fe(CN)63−/4− solution. The current decreased due to the formation of insulating PDB film is logarithmically related to the concentration of CEA in the 1pg to 10ngmL−1 range, with a detection limit of 0.5pgmL−1. The developed nanocluster/enzyme signal probe can certainly be modified for the detection of different other trace targets in bioanalytical fields.

A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for highly sensitive and selective determination of melamine by depositing a molecularly imprinted copolymer film, prepared by electrocopolymerization of gallic acid and o-phenylenediamine from aqueous electrolyte solution, onto glassy carbon electrode surface. The morphologic feature of the modified electrode was characterized via cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The interactions between the molecularly imprinted copolymer and melamine cause the decrease in the peak currents of hexacyanoferrate, which could be used for electrochemical sensing of melamine. In this study, square wave voltammetry was selected as transducing mechanism. Several important parameters controlling the performance of the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode were investigated and optimized. In the optimal conditions, the sensor response was sensitive to melamine from 5.0 to 100.0 nmol L−1 with good selectivity. The limit of detection based on a signal to noise ratio of 3 was low up to 1.4 nmol L−1. The method was applied successfully to determine melamine in milk products with satisfactory precision (2.11~3.38 % of relative standard deviation (RSD)) and acceptable recoveries (96.6~106.4 %), demonstrating a promising feature for applying the MIP sensor to trace detection of melamine in milk and other related products.

The mesoporous carbons (CMK-3) were functionalized with carboxyl group using sulfuric acid solution of ammonium persulfate (APS). The oxidized product (CMK-3-COOH) and CMK-3 were characterized by the small angle XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption and FT-IR, and the results indicated the mesoporous and ordered structure of products did not change obviously after oxidation. The adsorption capacities for U(VI) from aqueous solution of CMK-3-COOH and CMK-3 were compared. The essential factors affected U(VI) adsorption such as initial pH, contact time and initial U(VI) concentration were investigated. In addition, the adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics were investigated. The adsorption of U(VI) could be well-described by Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second kinetic models. The monolayer adsorption maximum capacity of CMK-3-COOH and CMK-3 at 25°C were 250.0mgg−1 and 178.6mgg−1, respectively, which indicate the adsorption capacity was improved by oxidation. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) showed the U(VI) adsorption on CMK-3-COOH and CMK-3 were all endothermic and spontaneous nature, respectively. Selective adsorption studies show that the CMK-3-COOH can selectively remove of U(VI), and the selectivity coefficients of mesoporous carbon were improved after oxidation in the presence of co-existing ions, Na(I), Ni(II), Sr(II), Mn(II), Mg(II) and Zn(II).