Solid-state sodium batteries offer new opportunities for emerging applications with sensitivity to safety and cost. However, the prevailing composite electrolyte structure, as a core component, is still poorly conductive to Na ions. Herein, a 3D architecture design of Na+ conductive Na3Zr2Si2PO12 framework is introduced to in situ compound with polymer electrolyte, subtly inducing an anion-enriched interface that acts as rapid ion immigration channel. Multiple continuous and fast Na+ transport pathways are built via the amorphization of polymer matrix, the consecutive skeleton, and the induced anion-adsorbed interface, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 4.43 × 10−4 S·cm−1. Notably, the design of 3D skeleton not only enables the content of inorganic part exceeds 60 wt

We present a universal fitting equation (FE) for accurately fitting Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy (ARPRS) data in polar coordinates. Both theoretical and experimental evidence demonstrate that this FE and program can efficiently process ARPRS data from all materials and configurations, greatly improving speed and accuracy for quantitative analysis. Additionally, many intrinsic physical parameters for some unknown samples can be directly obtained through the fitting process, reducing the need for large equipment. This method also opens avenues for ARPRS-related research, including environmental effects on materials, twisted 2D materials, and stress effects. Our work is highly valuable and meaningful for the future study.

Magnetic alloys are key to develop efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. During the last decade, it has been shown that spin manipulation of magnetic materials can improve the kinetics of triplet state 3 O 2 electrocatalysis, promoting the unification between the physics of strongly correlated materials and heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, structurally ordered Pt 3 Co nanowires (NWs) are synthesized, and their ORR catalytic performances are studied in detail. These intermetallic ordered L1 2 ‐Pt 3 Co NWs exhibit stronger ferromagnetism, superior ORR catalytic activity, and higher tolerance to carbon monoxide than related disordered A1‐Pt 3 Co NWs, and commercial Pt/C catalyst. These characteristics make them one of (if not) the best catalyst reported nowadays. Density functional theory calculations prove that the L1 2 ‐Pt 3 Co(111) surface displays a lower activation barrier at the ORR rate‐limiting step and better selectivity H 2 O 2 /H 2 O (i.e., lower production of H 2 O 2 ) compared with disordered A1‐Pt 3 Co(111). ORR reactivity increases with the level of Co order in the slab. Moreover, L1 2 ‐Pt 3 Co(111) displays more favorable thermodynamics, decreasing the adsorption enthalpies of 3 O 2 , and lower ORR rate‐limiting step, due to ferromagnetic quantum spin exchange interactions (QSEI), compared with Pt(111).

Transition metal dichalcogenides experience severe structural degradation when used as anodes in potassium-ion batteries, resulting in undesirable electrochemical behaviors. To tackle this challenge, a novel approach involving "anti-solvent-enhanced local high-concentration electrolytes" was proposed to enhance the electrochemical stability of transition metal dichalcogenides for potassium-ion storage. This improvement is attributed to the facilitation of the aggregation of local solvation structures within the ether-based electrolyte. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method by utilizing nickel sulfide composite materials. By diluting the ether-based high-concentration electrolyte with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (HFE) anti-solvent, the nickel sulfide containing anode achieved an ultra-high specific capacity of 382 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 1Ag−1. We found that the HFE anti-solvent, with its high concentration of negatively charged fluorine atoms, exerts a strong electron-repulsion effect on the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions, promoting the aggregation of local solvation structures. It not only lowers the desolvation energy but also exhibits high stability during interactions with the interface, thereby improving and keeping the K-ion’s migration ability. This, in turn, improves the cycling stability of the electrode during the potassiation-depotassiation process. We believe that this new strategy of improving potassium-ion storage performance will drive advancements in related fields.

The strategy of Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer (PIRET) holds promise in mitigating the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, thereby amplifying the efficiency of an electrode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions geared towards solar-driven PEC. Nevertheless, the PIRET mechanism, particularly from the view of charge separation and extraction dynamics, remains unclear. Herein, we examined PEC water splitting activities of Au nanoparticles decorated α-Fe2O3 nanoarrays (α-Fe2O3/Au NRs) and systematically investigated the PIRET mechanism by the combination of ultraviolet-visible spectra, field distribution simulation, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The PIRET effect of Au nanoparticles (NPs) generates a localized electromagnetic field near the surface of the α-Fe2O3 NRs and the significant near-field coupling between α-Fe2O3 NRs and Au NPs promotes cross-sectional absorption that markedly enhances plasmonic energy transfer from Au NPs to α-Fe2O3 NRs. TA measurement uncovers the proximate electric field around α-Fe2O3 NRs, which emanates from the Au NPs' PIRET, orchestrates the instantaneous segregation of electrons and holes upon their formation and births enduring photogenerated holes in α-Fe2O3/Au NRs. Additionally, the FeOOH overlayers, as cocatalyst, are effective in boosting hole transfer kinetics. Consequently, the photocurrent density exhibited by the α-Fe2O3/Au/FeOOH arrays is amplified by 3.5 times in comparison to the pristine α-Fe2O3 NR arrays.

Plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) plays a key role in enhancing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of metal oxide nanostructures. Herein, photoanodes consisting of α-Fe2O3 nanorod (NR) arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared and optimized to study the PIRET effect. Both the experimental and calculated Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra indicate that there is a significant near-field coupling between α-Fe2O3 NRs and Au NPs which enable cross-section absorption. The coupling greatly enhances the plasmonic energy transfer from Au NPs to α-Fe2O3 NRs array. The simulated field distribution indicates the Au NPs induce a strong electromagnetic field near the surface of α-Fe2O3 NRs through PIRET. Also, the transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that the direct recombination of photogenerated carriers is significantly limited by the near-field coupling interaction and amplification of the electromagnetic field. The co-catalysts, such as iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH), are found to have an additional enhancement on the transfer kinetics of holes at the surface. As a result, the photocurrent density of Au/FeOOH-functionalized α-Fe2O3 arrays are about 3.5 times higher than that of pristine α-Fe2O3 NR arrays.

Photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α ‐Fe 2 O 3 nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin‐coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy– α ‐Fe 2 O 3 /rGO‐integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α ‐Fe 2 O 3 . It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α ‐Fe 2 O 3 and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α ‐Fe 2 O 3 to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α ‐Fe 2 O 3 that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate‐determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high‐efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.

Plasmonic metal nanostructures can improve the photoelectrochemical performance of metal oxide photoanodes via plasmon-induced resonant energy transfer (PIRET). Herein, one dimensional α-Fe2O3 nanorods array photoanodes decorated by Au nanoparticles were prepared to investigate the PIRET effect on PEC performance. Both experimental and calculated results indicate that α-Fe2O3 NRs and Au NPs have cross-section absorption and could occur coupling, which promote plasmonic energy transfer from Au NPs into α-Fe2O3 NRs array. Importantly, subsequent studies through transient absorption spectroscopy found that the near-field coupling interaction and amplification of the electromagnetic field inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, FeOOH can significantly enhance the transfer kinetics of holes in surface. Therefore, the photocurrent density of α-Fe2O3/Au/FeOOH is about 3.5 times higher than that of pristine α-Fe2O3 NRs array. This work provides a potential strategy for the versatile application of the plasmonic energy transfer effect in various light-mediated energy conversion and optoelectronic devices.

In order to achieve accurate synthesis of materials, and to achieve the maximum utilization of platinum, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was used to synthesize bimetallic one-dimensional Pt3Co nanowires in a certain concentration of solution. Results show that the alloy nanowires undergo a high-temperature phase transition in the template under vacuum, which effectively prevented the material agglomeration. The disordered and ordered Pt3Co nanowires are obtained by phase transition annealing at 400 and 650 r, respectively and confirmed by structural characterizations for order phase transition. As expected, compared to disordered Pt3Co, ordered Pt3Co exhibits better mass activity and half-wave potential, confirming the advantages of ordered bimetal alloy nanowires in composition and structure. After the accelerated durability cycle tests, the ordered and disordered Pt3Co nanowires are still more stable than Pt/C particles, indicating the advantage of one-dimensional nanowires. The ordered Pt3Co, as an acceptable catalytic material with potential commercial value, has become alternative materials for future fuel cell catalysts.

This article describes the synthesis of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanowires using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The MoS2-nanowires converts into micro-flake structures with the help of argon (Ar) plasma for the better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The MoS2-nanowires treated by post-Ar plasma at different time of intervals (20 seconds, 40 seconds, 60 seconds, and 3 minutes). The plasma treatment significantly tailored the structure of pristine MoS2-nanowires due to which additional active sites were produced at the surface of treated MoS2. A notable HER activity were achieved by plasma-treated MoS2. To boost the HER activity up to next level, visible light was used at the time of electrocatalysis which enhanced the electrocatalytic activity almost double, which is evident by the low overpotential (190 mV) at current density of 10 mAcm(-2).

Here we report, unveiling the active sites for improved electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by structural tailoring of Niobium Disulfide (NbS2). NbS(2)synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method, structural deformation is carried out by post-argon plasma and annealing treatment. Plasma-treated (P.T) NbS(2)exhibits layer-by-layer stacked (approximate to 250 nm) long and (approximate to 200 nm) wide flakes, which show more edge sites and demonstrates low hydrogen evolution activity. Annealed NbS(2)flakes are enlarged in size (approximate to 1 mu m) having more surface area which shows additional active basal plane sites and demonstrate remarkable HER performance at 10 mA cm(-2). As the thickness of NbS(2)is reduced, more basal planes are exposed hence improved HER activity was achieved. This enhanced electrocatalytic change demonstrates that the basal planes are the main active sites for HER in NbS.

One-dimensional multi-segment Co-CdSe metal-semiconductor heterojunction nanowires were alternately deposited by direct current electrodeposition in a two-cell system of Co electrolyte and CdSe electrolyte by porous anodized aluminum template assisted method. The morphology, structure, magnetic and optical properties of the heterojunction nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results show that the Co-CdSe heterojunction nanowires are well layered and exist in a face-centered cubic structure. The Co-CdSe heterojunction nanowires have the same magnetic coercivity as the elemental metal Co nanowires, and simultaneously, the heterojunction nanowires exhibit the excellent optical properties.

Uniform Fe3O4 magnetic nanorods (NRs) were successfully synthesized and oriented in epoxy resin under a rotating magnetic field. Magnetic induction fields within and around a single Fe3O4 nanorod in the remanence state were obtained by off-axis electron holography. The induction fields indicated a single domain state of the highly anisotropic Fe3O4 nanorod due to its strong magnetic shape anisotropy. Quantitative magnetic moment analysis of the obtained phase image yielded an average magnetization of 0.53 T of a single Fe3O4 nanorod. Moreover, the real part of the permeability (μ') of magnetic-oriented Fe3O4 NRs is obviously higher than that of random Fe3O4 NRs in the GHz range. The oriented Fe3O4 NRs exhibit a higher resonance peak at 4.75 GHz compared to the bulk counterpart (1.2 GHz) in the frequency dependence of μ in the range of 1-10 GHz. Moreover, the calculated μ value of the oriented Fe3O4 NRs could be improved to 4.22 with the increased dipolar interaction strength using the OOMMF software. These results could play a guiding significance in the development of an effective method to improve the permeability of magnetic nanomaterials at GHz working frequency.

《电化学原理》是我校材料学专业本科生的专业选修课,文章从学生学习该课程的实际情况出发,结合电化学课程内容与材料学专业的特点,对教学内容、教学方法和考核方式等方面的教学改革进行探讨。

We report a simple "one-pot" solvothermal preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) decorated mesoporous titania (TiO2) microspheres as an effective antibacterial agent. TBOT as Ti source was hydrolyzed and crystallized in media composed of acetic acid and ethanol, in which esterification catalyzed by TBOT occurred for in-situ "controlled water release". AgNO3 as Ag source was reduced by ethanol to form Ag NPs embedded in the TiO2 microspheres. The effect of AgNO3 and HAc on the morphology of Ag/TiO2 was investigated. The Ag/TiO2 with various Ag content showed excellent antibacterial activities with extremely low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus when compared with colloidal Ag NPs.

Novel S-doped carbon quantum dots are synthesized and used for the detection of Fe3+ in an extremely strong acid environment.

Luminescent water-induced shape memory polymer (SMP) composites with tunable shape recovery rate are developed by blending poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The oxygen and active hydrogen-rich CQDs can serve as extra physical cross-linking points in PVA via strong hydrogen bonding interaction, which largely improves the shape memory performances of PVA. At room temperature, water can successfully actuate the shape recovery of deformed PVA/CQDs composite. It is demonstrated that this water-induced shape recovery is mainly attributed to the plasticizing effect of water and its competitive hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, a quantitative bending test suggests that the shape recovery time of this water-induced SMP is tunable by altering the environmental pH value and temperature, and a relatively large shape recovery time window (from 20 to 200 s) can be achieved. In addition, the introduction of CQDs endows the PVA/CQDs SMP composites with excellent luminescent property, which makes the shape change of SMP visible under UV light. It should be noted that the mild stimulus condition and tunable shape recovery performances make the luminescent visible PVA/CQDs SMP feasible for diverse biological applications in smart medical devices, stimuli-responsive drug-release, and intelligent sensors in vivo and in vitro.

CoPt3/Co multilayered nanowire (NW) arrays are synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The electrochemistry deposition parameters are determined by cyclic voltammetry to realize the well control of the ratio of Co to Pt and the length of every segment. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that both Co and CoPt3 NWs exhibit face-centered cubic ( f cc) structures. In the UV-visible absorption spectra, CoPt3/Co NW arrays show a red-shift with respect to pure CoPt3NWs. Compared with the pure Co nanowire arrays, the CoPt3/Co multilayered nanowire arrays show a weak shape anisotropy and well-modulated magnetic properties. CoPt3/Co multilayered nanowires are highly encouraging that new families of bimetallic nanosystems may be developed to meet the needs of nanomaterials in emerging multifunctional nanotechnologies.

Platinum nanowires (NWs) were prepared by electrodeposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and then annealed at 200°C, 400°C and 600°C, respectively. Compared to the commercial carbon-supported Pt catalysts, all Pt NWs exhibited better electrocatalytic activities towards both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The MOR activity of the Pt NWs increased dramatically as the annealing temperature (TA) increased, whereas the ORR activity followed the trend of ‘as-prepared’>600°C>400°C>200°C. This phenomenon should be attributed to the NWs surface rearrangement during the annealing process.

The CdSe nanowires have been fabricated in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by constant potential deposition method. The structure and the optical performance were investigated, the electrochemical deposition mechanism was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that CdSe nanowires can be produced at -0.4 V using the plating solution composition of 0.1 mol.L-1 CdSO4, 0.25 mol.L-1 H2SO4, 50 mmol.L-1 SeO2. The composition of CdSe nanowires was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the stoichoiometric composition ratio of Cd and Se is 1:1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that CdSe nanowires have face-centered cubic crystal and (111) preferred orientation. UV-VIS absorption spectrum shows that CdSe nanowires have a wide optical absorption peak range from 400 nm to 700 nm. The biggest absorption appears at 500 nm. PL emission spectra shows that CdSe nanowires PL peak is at 400 nm.