Space radiation induces color centers in quartz glass optical components used in spacecraft, predominantly originating from oxygen-vacancy and non-bridging-oxygen precursors, leading to optical performance degradation. Hydroxyl (OH) incorporation has been suggested to improve radiation resistance, yet current explanations remain largely qualitative and phenomenological, leaving the mechanisms of defect formation and OH regulation unresolved. This study systematically investigates these mechanisms by combining experimental characterization with first-principles calculations designed to simulate the charge-trapping processes induced by irradiation. While gamma-irradiation primarily causes ionization, the generated secondary electrons can be captured by defect precursors. By modulating the charge states of the localized defect models, we track the ensuing charge transfer and structural relaxation. The results demonstrate that OH groups suppress the proliferation of irradiation-induced color centers through two synergistic effects: at the electronic level, OH groups capture localized electrons near oxygen-vacancy precursors, neutralizing their local electrostatic field, passivating these precursors, and preventing their transformation into E' centers (absorption peak at 214 nm); at the bonding level, OH groups form hydrogen bonds with non-bridging oxygens, stabilizing the surrounding network and effectively eliminating these precursors before they transform into NBOHC defects (absorption peak at 258 nm). As a result of these combined effects, the irradiation-induced defect absorption at 214 and 258 nm is greatly suppressed in OH-doped samples and vanishes in the calculated spectra, confirming the inhibition of color-center formation under gamma-irradiation. This study reveals, from an electronic perspective, how OH doping regulates gamma-irradiationinduced defect formation, providing a theoretical basis for the rational design of radiation-resistant materials.

ABSTRACT An inverse, reversible thermochromic K 2 O·nSiO 2 ‐based fire‐resistant glass was developed through a low‐temperature in situ reaction using NH 4 HCO 3 as a multifunctional additive. The glass changed from white and opaque at room temperature (∼20–25°C) to colorless and transparent at ∼60°C, reaching a transmittance of 90.51 ± 0.32% and maintaining stable thermochromic behavior over 1000 thermal cycles. NH 4 HCO 3 incorporation increased the compressive stress at 66.7% strain from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 6.8 ± 0.2 MPa, accompanied by enhanced silicate‐network connectivity as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. During high‐temperature exposure, NH 4 HCO 3 promoted multistage foaming and hierarchical micro‐/nanoscale pore formation within the expanded barrier layer. The resulting pore‐within‐pore architecture increased the tortuosity of heat‐transfer pathways and suppressed structural collapse. After 60 min of fire exposure, the average unexposed‐side temperature remained well below the prescribed limit of 160°C. This work provides a practical strategy for integrating adaptive optical regulation, mechanical reinforcement, and high‐temperature thermal protection within a single inorganic glass system.

We present a new method for synthesizing cold-resistant laminated anti-fire glass using a K2OnSiO(2)-based ultrathin flexible membrane, which is prepared by vacuum surface treatment method with ball-milled core-shell SiO2 emulsion (55 wt%). We systemically characterize the mechanical, optical, rheological, cold-resistant, fire-resistant, and weather-resistant performances of this glass. The formation mechanism of K2OnSiO(2)-based ultrathin membrane is studied in detail using multispeckle diffusing-wave spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the tensile strength, plasticity, and rheological behavior of the materials with different moduli are characterized. Combined with thermal gravity analysis, we characterize the compositions of K2OnSiO(2)-based materials with different moduli. For the K2OnSiO(2)-based ultrathin flexible membrane, the appearance of air-conducting microchannels is designed, resembling the Wu Zhu coin morphology (a square hole circular coin in ancient China) or honeycomb wall morphology. These structures endow the visible region of the anti-fire glass with a reduced presence of microbubbles. As a type of building safety glass, the spongelike microporous insulation layer can increase the heat-insulating time in the event of a fire. Furthermore, the weather-resistant performance of this glass is demonstrated to be more than 3000 h through an ultraviolet test. This work also provides a new routine for synthesizing high-quality anti-fire glass with different shapes, including curved surfaces.

We describe a low-cost method for synthesis of reversible thermochromic material which is considerable for energy-saving and fire-resistant applications. Here, K2O center dot nSiO(2) based fire-resistant glass with excellent thermochromic performance was present by adding NH4+. This thermochromic material has been prepared via in-situ reaction using a newly SiO2 core-shell emulsion with high SiO2 solid content (52 wt%) and low viscosity (432.2 +/- 10.9 mPa.s, 48 rpm) by the ball-milled method. These structural, morphological, optical, thermochromic and thermal insulation properties were systemically characterized. The color-changing and foaming mechanisms were further studied in detail. Onion-shaped core-shell structure and the folded morphology were clearly shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. FTIR spectra was employed to characterize the difference between thermochromic material and control sample. The significant deviation appeared in visible region of this thermochromic fire-resistant glass during heating and cooling process with infrared thermography. The results shown that a small amount of NH4+ had endowed K2O center dot mSiO(2) based fire-resistant glass with a reversible thermochromic characteristic at the specific temperature which was in accordance with the Boltzmann equation. Combined with TG-DSC analysis, fire insulation time was increased by microporous insulation layer with a sponge-like structure. A new routine toward the synthesis of multifunctional fire-resistant glass using on smart windows was provided in this work.

We describe a method for the synthesis of cold resistant K2O center dot 5SiO(2) based anti-fire material using a new high content and low viscosity SiO2 core-shell emulsion (HSLVCS SiO2 emulsion). The anti-fire glass which wasn't frozen at-71 +/- 1 degrees C was prepared by the in-situ reaction. The onion-shaped core-shell structure was clearly shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, the viscosity of HSLVCS SiO2 emulsion (50 wt%) was 431.4 +/- 12.1 mPa.s(48 rpm). Its in-situ reaction process for preparation of the K2O center dot 5SiO(2) followed a first-order reaction, the reaction rate constant k(n) = 1.774 x 108 exp (-Ea/RT) with the apparent activation energy Ea = 79.80 kJ/mol. The low-temperature-withstanding capability was tested at extreme-cold environment (-71 +/- 1 degrees C), and the reasons for this were found by the thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The weather resistance capacity was more than 1000 h through ultraviolet (UV) test and the sponge-like microporous insulation layer can increase the fire insulation time by the fire-resistant test. This work provided a new routine toward the synthesis of the high quality anti-fire glass with various shapes, including curved surface structures.

为了研究不同热处理温度下铁镍合金薄膜的形貌结构以及镀膜玻璃的性能,本文采用真空电子束加热蒸发镀膜技术在玻璃基片上镀铁镍合金薄膜,通过多晶X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)分析结构,测试镀膜玻璃的光学性能、电磁性能以及电磁屏蔽性能.结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜的结晶性能变好,逐渐析出体心立方晶相,在(110)方向具有择优取向,当热处理温度过高时薄膜中出现孔隙;热处理温度对镀膜玻璃雾度的影响小于1％,但镀膜玻璃的可见光透过率、表面方块电阻和相对磁导率会随热处理温度变化呈现一定规律变化;铁镍合金镀膜玻璃在30 MHz以下的低频电磁波频段内的屏蔽效能大于30 dB,在14 kHz时最高达到55 dB,是一种低频电磁屏蔽的优选材料.

通过对亲水性纳米SiO2颗粒的筛选、调整分散液体系的pH值,制备出具有剪切变稀的特性、固含量为40％、黏度仅为(1 100± 18.5) mPa·s的纳米SiO2微粒分散液,再凭借“原位反应法”的特殊工艺制备出无机复合防火玻璃,可具备曲面结构(如弧面幕墙玻璃).研究结果表明:这种新型的复合防火玻璃具有透过率高、耐温性能好、耐候性优异的特点,其耐紫外线辐照性能超过1 000 h;按照GB 15763.1-2009《建筑用安全玻璃第1部分:防火玻璃》和GB/T12513-2006《镶玻璃构件耐火试验方法》所规定的方法,在国家建筑工程质量监督检验中心通过90 min耐火完整性测试,满足A1.50h级防火玻璃的技术要求.

ITO films were deposited on PMMA substrates under low temperature by the method of direct current magnetron sputtering.The influences of primer,substrate temperature, oxygen flux and sputtering time were studied by spectrophotometer and four-probe meter.The results show that:primer helps the deposition of ITO films;the temperature of substrate affects the square resistance of ITO films;the transmittance of ITO film increases by increasing the oxygen flux properly,whereas the square resistance decreases under excessive oxygen flux;and the square resistance decreases with the increasing sputtering time.Non-crystal TIO film with visible light transmittance of 83.5% and square resistance of 22 Ω/□ was obtained after optimization.

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films on cover glass are one of the key materials for solar thermal collector. Currently, the benefit of using TCO single layer is limited due to its insufficient optical selectivity. The objective of this paper is to increase the spectral selectivity of ITO film with different thickness by whole solar spectrum antireflection treatment. The sputter-deposited ITO thin films on glass substrate are characterized by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range of 300nm to 2500nm. Based on suitable dielectric function models such as Drude, Gaussian, and Tauc–Lorentz, the theoretical spectra for the transmittance and reflectance of ITO film with different thickness in the spectral range from 300nm to 50μm are calculated. Also, the multi-layered AR coatings for ITO film with different thickness in the broad solar spectrum are designed using optical software. For ITO film with thickness from 40 to 120nm, an increase of the solar transmittance more than 6% is achieved, without compromise in the infrared emissivity. Following such AR designs, ITO three-layer AR coating (glass/Al2O3/ITO (120nm)/SiO2) was fabricated. The solar transmittance has been improved from 79.1% without any AR coatings to 84.7% with a three-layer AR coating, and the IR emissivity remains about 0.2 unchanged.

MgO-Cr2O3 refractories were prepared based on the formulation of 60%(in mass,the same hereinafter) fused magnesia chrome sand,27% chrome ore powder from South Africa,13% sintered magnesia,extra adding 1.5%,2%,2.5%,and 3% desiliconized ZrO2 micropowder,respectively,to improve the properties of MgO-Cr2O3 refractories.Effects of the ZrO2 additions on bulk density,apparent porosity,crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture,and resistance to RH degasser slag were investigated.The results show that:(1)introduction of ZrO2 improves the bulk density,cold crushing strength and hot modulus of rupture of the MgO-Cr2O3 refractories obviously;(2)ZrO2 reacts with CaO in the slag forming CaZrO3 with high density and high melting point,blocking pores and preventing the further slag penetration;meanwhile,the reaction consumes CaO,decreasing the basicity and increasing the viscosity of molten slag,thus increasing the slag resistance of the refractories.Therefore,take all properties into account,the optimal ZrO2 addition is 2.5%.

Thermal stability of low-E glass has a great effect on the quality of tempered products.Owning to high temperature or long heating time,defects in low-E glass such as bending,wave-forming,stripping,color differences and pitting may be caused by tempering.Thermal experiments on temperable mono-silver coated low-E glasses were performed under different temperatures and heating times by using a muffle furnace.Variations of appearance,color,color differences,sheet resistance,E value,transmittance and haze with the heating temperature and heating time were observed and tested in order to reveal their relationship.Thermal stability of temperable low-E glass was studied which can offer references for film design and quality risk assessment.

It is of great importance for quality control to measure the reflected color of coated glass accurately at different incident angles.Spectral reflectance curves of the glass face were measured by using spectrophotometer,and curves corresponding to the first reflection of non-coated glass were calculated by TFCalc software.It is found that with the increase of incident angles,the detector of spectrophotometer can only receive the first reflected beam.It introduces error to the calculated color values.A new method was provided to measure the spectral curves of the first and second reflections respectively and then calculate color values by summing them.