The unique properties and structural merits of multidimensional germanium (Ge) nanostructures have enabled their broad applications in energy storage, biomedical engineering, and sensor technologies. Nevertheless, the current synthesis strategies for Ge nanostructures are highly reliant on size‐specific control methods, while achieving controllable fabrication of multidimensional nanostructures under a unified scale range constraint remains a critical challenge. Herein, we present a precisely controlled galvanic replacement reaction strategy for the structural inheritance synthesis of multidimensional Ge nanostructures, establishing clear structure‐performance relationships for enhanced lithium storage. A remarkable rate capability is achieved in engineered Ge nanostructures, showing specific capacities of 24.2, 15.2, and 9.0 times that of bulk Ge at 10 A g−1 for NWs, NPs, and NSs, respectively. Particularly, the NWs exhibited superior cycling stability, maintaining a reversible capacity as high as 1,132 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1 A g−1. The exceptional electrochemical enhancement originates from effective interfacial stress mitigation during lithium alloying/dealloying processes and optimized charge–transfer kinetics enabled by nanostructural engineering, as systematically verified through electrochemical kinetic analyses. This work proposes a universal synthesis method for multidimensional alloy‐type anode materials, reveals the structure‐performance correlations, and offers valuable insights for the design of high‐performance energy storage materials.

Nb4C3Tx MXene has shown extraordinary promise for various applications owing to its unique physicochemical properties. However, it can only be synthesized by the traditional HF-based etching method, which uses large amounts of hazardous HF and requires a long etching time (> 96 h), thus limiting its practical application. Here, an ultra-efficient and environmental-friendly H2O-assisted supercritical etching method is proposed for the preparation of Nb4C3Tx MXene. Benefiting from the synergetic effect between supercritical CO2 (SPC-CO2) and subcritical H2O (SBC-H2O), the etching time for Nb4C3Tx MXene can be dramatically shortened to 1 h. The as-synthesized Nb4C3Tx MXene possesses uniform accordion-like morphology and large interlayer spacing. When used as anode for Li-ion battery, the Nb4C3Tx MXene delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 430 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1), which is among the highest values achieved in pure-MXene-based anodes. The superior lithium storage performance of the Nb4C3Tx MXene can be ascribed to its high conductivity, fast Li+ diffusion kinetics and good structural stability.

Antimony (Sb) has been pursued as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, it suffers from severe volume expansion during the sodiation-desodiation process. Encapsulating Sb into a carbon matrix can effectively buffer the volume change of Sb. However, the sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics in traditional carbon shells is still a bottleneck for achieving high-rate performance in Sb/C composite materials. Here we design and synthesize a yolk-shell Sb@Void@graphdiyne (GDY) nanobox (Sb@Void@GDY NB) anode for high-rate and long cycle life SIBs. The intrinsic in-plane cavities in GDY shells offer three-dimensional Na+ transporting channels, enabling fast Na+ diffusion through the GDY shells. Electrochemical kinetics analyses show that the Sb@Void@GDY NBs exhibit faster Na+ transport kinetics than traditional Sb@C NBs. In situ transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the hollow structure and the void space between Sb and GDY successfully accommodate the volume change of Sb during cycling, and the plastic GDY shell maintains the structural integrity of NBs. Benefiting from the above structural merits, the Sb@Void@GDY NBs exhibit excellent rate capability and extraordinary cycling stability.

MXene with excellent flexibility, metallic conductivity, and ultra-high capacitance, makes a promising electrode for flexible supercapacitor. But the serious restacking phenomenon between MXene layers undesirably limits the ion transport kinetics and substantially reduces ion storage sites, badly restricting the rate capability and storage capacity of supercapacitor. Here, we constructed a free-standing, flexible, structurally 3D-interconnected and hydronium ion penetrable MXene/Graphdiyne nanotube (MG) composite film by employing graphdiyne nanotubes (GDY-NTs) with inherent in-plane pores for horizontal-vertical intercalation among MXene layers. Benefiting from the above synergistic effect, this composite film presents a greatly-improved capacitance of 337.4 F g(-1) (337.4 C g(-1)) and an obviously-enhanced rate capability of 73 %-remaining at 100 mV s 1, which is much better than those of the pure Ti(3)C(2)Tx films (230.8 F g 1, 55 %-remaining). Based on it, we developed an asymmetric solid-state flexible supercapacitor with a high energy density of 19.7 Wh kg(-1) at the power density of 750 W kg(-1) and a capacitance retention of 88.2 % after 10 000 cycles at 8 A g(-1). Evidently, this work provides a new route to solve the restacking issue of MXene for high-performance flexible supercapacitor.

Bismuth (Bi) has emerged as a promising anode material for fast-charging and long-cycling sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its dramatically volumetric variations during cycling will undesirably cause the pulverization of active materials, severely limiting the electrochemical performance of Bi-based electrodes. Constructing hollow nanostructures is recognized as an effective way to resolve the volume expansion issues of alloy-type anodes but remains a great challenge for metallic bismuth. Here, we report a facile iodine-ion-assisted galvanic replacement approach for the synthesis of Bi nano tubes (NTs) for high-rate, long-term and high-capacity sodium storage. The hollow tubular structure effectively alleviates the structural strain during sodiation/desodiation processes, resulting in excellent structural stability; the thin wall and large surface area enable ultrafast sodium ion transport. Benefiting from the structural merits, the Bi NT electrode exhibits extraordinary rate capability (84% capacity retention at 150 A g-1) and outstanding cycling stability (74% capacity retention for 65,000 cycles at 50 A g-1), which represent the best rate performance and longest cycle life among all reported anodes for SIBs. Moreover, when coupled with the Na3(VOPO4)2F cathode in full cells, this electrode also demonstrates excellent cycling performance, showing the great promise of Bi NTs for practical application. A combination of advanced research techniques reveals that the excellent performance originates from the structural robustness of the Bi NTs and the fast electrochemical kinetics during cycling.