Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has emerged as a vital tool for non-invasive wildlife conservation. Although bio-based piezoelectric acoustic sensors have garnered extensive attention for their self-powered, eco-friendly, and lightweight attributes, their application is often hindered by the low piezoelectric coefficients, which lead to inefficient acoustic-to-electrical conversion. To address this challenge, this study presents a PLLA/gelatin nanofiber aerogel featuring a hierarchical porous structure that significantly enhances sensing performance. Under acoustic excitation, the device delivers a maximum open-circuit voltage of 58.4 V. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a broad frequency response (90-2000 Hz) and an exceptional frequency resolution of 0.5 Hz. By using a support vector machine (SVM) to analyze spectral features and vocalization patterns, the system achieves a classification accuracy of 98.33%. This work offers a potential solution for monitoring terrestrial animal populations and biodiversity conservation.

Developing high-performance flexible thermoelectric materials that can be efficiently manufactured at large scale remains a major challenge for self-powered wearable electronics and energy-harvesting applications. Here, we report an efficient and scalable one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of ultralong Ag2Te@PEDOT:PSS (ATPP) nanowires featuring a well-defined core-shell heterostructure. During the in situ growth process, PEDOT:PSS uniformly coats the Ag2Te cores, forming a compact organic-inorganic interface that promoted efficient charge transport and strengthen interfacial effects. The crystalline-core and conductive-shell architecture, combined with interfacial energy filtering, effectively decouples the typical correlation between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient while reducing thermal conductivity. Consequently, the material achieves an ultrahigh roomtemperature power factor of 1186.2 mu W m- 1 K-2. Owing to the suppressed lattice thermal conductivity offered by the core-shell structure, the nanowires reach a ZT of 0.503 at 300 K, which increases to 0.66 at 380 K, surpassing most previously reported Ag2Te/PEDOT:PSS-based hybrids systems. Furthermore, a flexible thermoelectric generator (FTEG) assembled from these nanowires successfully powered four LEDs after voltage amplification, demonstrating their promise for practical wearable energy-harvesting applications. This work provides a straightforward, efficient, and scalable strategy for producing core-shell nanowire heterostructures with high-performance flexible thermoelectrics.

Approximately 72% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases harbor p53 mutations or deletions, making mRNA-based p53 restoration a promising therapeutic strategy. However, achieving efficient and safe mRNA delivery remains a major challenge. Here, we developed multilayer-like peptide-lipid nanoparticles (PLNPs) for p53 mRNA delivery to NSCLC. The rationally designed peptide lipid CDO, which features a tri-ornithine headgroup and acid-labile carbamate linkages, exhibits strong binding affinity with mRNA. This interaction promotes the formation of PLNPs with a compact, dense architecture, characterized by a low radius of gyration (Rg) and minimal solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), enabling highly efficient mRNA encapsulation (>92%) and enhanced nanoparticle stability. The strong mRNA binding, combined with the tailored lipid structure, further facilitates improved cellular uptake and efficient endosomal escape, while maintaining excellent biocompatibility. PLNPs mediated highly efficient transfection (>96%), restored functional p53 protein, and subsequently induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in p53-null NCI-H1299 cells. In vivo, systemically administered p53 mRNA-PLNPs preferentially accumulated in tumor tissues, reactivated p53 signaling, activated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and suppressed tumor growth by approximately 90% in mouse xenograft models, with minimal systemic toxicity. These results demonstrate PLNPs as a safe and effective mRNA delivery platform for p53 restoration therapy, offering a translatable treatment strategy for p53-deficient NSCLC.

Organic optical limiters are vital for protecting human eyes and sensitive optics against laser radiation, offering exceptional optical properties, and ultrafast responses. However, their practical applications are hindered by aggregation-caused quenching and photodegradation in the solid state. Here, we proposed an ingenious all-solid, passive optical limiter via high-elastic-state thermo-compression, integrating indium phthalocyanine anchored to functional moieties within polymer microspheres. The key innovation lay in the coordination-bond anchoring strategy, which effectively suppressed indium phthalocyanine aggregation and facilitated the intersystem crossing. The resulting device demonstrated exceptional limiting performance, with a giant nonlinear absorption coefficient (4.80 × 10-5 m/W) and an ultralow optical limiting threshold (< 0.013 J/cm2) at 532 nm, originating from long-lived triplet carrier accumulation. Moreover, the device exhibited excellent mechanical robustness and practical protection capability, as applied in smartphone camera. This work provided a viable strategy toward high-performance, practical organic solid optical limiter for next-generation laser protection applications.

The long-standing trilemma between damping performance, electrical insulation, and mechanical properties remains a fundamental constraint on the development of polymer piezoelectric damping composites due to the formation of continuous conductive networks. Herein, we introduce a yolk-shell filler architecture for polymer composites, which efficiently dissipates mechanical energy by converting it first into electrical energy and subsequently into thermal energy. The polymer composites thus achieve an optimal balance: significantly enhanced damping performance (an 84% increase), excellent electrical insulation (volume resistivity of 10(8) Omega & sdot;m), and improved mechanical strength (a 7.07% increase). Through systematic comparative studies with other filler types, we further decoupled the individual contributions of material composition and structural design to the overall damping performance. Moreover, the yolk-shell particles exhibit broad compatibility across diverse polymer matrices, demonstrating strong potential for application in electronics, transportation, and other damping systems for vibration and impact mitigation.

Responsive photonic crystals have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their remarkable capability of exhibiting dynamic color changes in response to external stimuli. Herein, a novel multistage anti‐counterfeiting photonic crystal device that integrates chemical (luminescent material) and physical (photonic crystal structure) elements is reported. Based on photochromic materials and thermochromic capsules, a four‐state thermochromic/photochromic photonic crystal (TPPC) composite film with dual responsiveness is developed through in situ emulsion polymerization and a straightforward roll shear technology. This innovative approach successfully resolved the issue of short‐range order and long‐range disorder in conventional photonic crystal films. Through the integration of a multilayer structure and a mask plate process, the dual effects of photochromic and thermochromic are seamlessly combined, enabling the film to exhibit four different optical states under the combined stimuli of temperature and UV light. Unlike tristate systems, the film integrates dual stimuli (UV + heat) for enhanced complexity. Notably, the film demonstrates multilevel responsiveness and dynamic decorative capabilities, allowing flexible switching between four optical states. Furthermore, the TPPC film boasts excellent mechanical properties (with a tensile strength exceeding 2 MPa), emphasizing its strong potential for applications in anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, and dynamic display technologies.

Large-wavelength low-frequency sound waves are highly penetrative, and existing acoustic load-bearing structures struggle to achieve effective absorption across different media through pore and molecular chain regulation. The development of high-performance underwater acoustic materials is constrained by the limited tunability of traditional microporous structures and the poor pressure stability of viscoelastic polymers. Here, we present a microporous composite structure enhanced by piezoelectric nanoparticle filling for efficient low-frequency sound absorption. This design integrates porous ceramics with microporous piezoelectric polymers to form a multilayer resonant system, wherein embedded nanocomposites facilitate additional sound reflection, resonance, and interfacial collisions. These interactions synergistically promote both acoustic-thermal and acoustic-electric energy dissipation, enabling high-efficiency low-frequency sound absorption within a compact architecture. The optimized structure achieves a noise reduction coefficient of 0.54, with the onset frequency of the sound absorption coefficient exceeding 0.8 as low as 840 Hz. Under hydrostatic pressure ranging from 0.1 to 2 MPa, the attenuation of the average sound absorption coefficient was only 36.62%, significantly lower than the 75.61% observed in conventional polyurethane. In addition, the acoustic-electric conversion property endowed composites with the capability to sense sound waves, while the composite's lightweight, stress-resistant, and hydrophobic characteristics support mechanical stability and underwater applicability. This work achieves superior broadband absorption and excellent pressure stability, offering a compact, multifunctional solution for advanced acoustic systems.

Constructing micro-/nanostructure-modulated photofields in upconversion devices to absorb low-energy photons and emit high-energy light is revolutionary for bioimaging, lasers, and photovoltaics, with proven capability to boost upconversion luminescence (UCL) by orders of magnitude. However, photoenergy dissipation and inadequate absorption result in excitation thresholds exceeding 1 mW/cm2, which exceeds retinal safety limits and hinders wearable upconversion optics. Here, we report the use of upconversion core-shell microsphere-induced infrared field convergence, NaYF4:Yb,Er shell-based resonant cavities for multiple reflection-absorption-upconversion and photonic crystal amplifiers to improve UCL intensity three orders of magnitude, and achieve ultralow threshold (0.0025 mW/cm2). The 500 nm upconversion core-shell microspheres generated 1200-fold stronger electric field through concentrated photofield and attained 8-fold infrared absorption with a forward/backward emission ratio of 150. Fabricated upconversion contact lenses significantly improved dark-light imaging clarity and vision restoration in retinal degeneration rabbits. Microsphere-mediated directional upconversion strategy maximizes photoenergy utilization, paving the way for high-performance wearable upconversion devices.

Designing a highly efficient out-of-oven curing scheme is crucial for overcoming the challenges of reducing curing time, minimizing energy consumption, and lowering costs in composite manufacturing. Utilizing a self-developed high-emissivity flexible infrared radiation heater based on polyimide (PI) film, the proposed system delivers uniform heating across the composite. The infrared radiation curing (IRC) scheme is specifically applied to glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and has demonstrated improvements over traditional curing schemes. The uniform heating provided by infrared radiation enhances the internal structural integrity of the material and strengthens the interfacial bonding between the glass fibers and the resin. Compared to room temperature curing (RTC), the IRC scheme shortened the curing time by 91 % while enhancing mechanical properties, with a 14.7 % increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and a 7.8 % improvement in flexural strength. When compared to oven heating curing (OHC), ILSS and flexural strength improved by 14.2 % and 4.9 %, respectively, with the energy consumption reduced to one-third of that required for OHC. Furthermore, the flexible design of the infrared radiation heater successfully cures thick panels and curved composite components, making it suitable for large sizes and complex geometries. The results highlight the broad potential of IRC in wind energy, aerospace, and transportation industries, offering a practical and scalable solution for advanced composite manufacturing.

Achieving high performance in flexible thermoelectric materials remains challenging due to the intrinsically conflicting requirements among electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity in conventional brittle inorganic thermoelectric materials. Here, we present a hierarchical triple-layer core-shell nanowire architecture based on Ag nanoparticle-decorated Ag2Te@Ag@PEDOT:PSS, designed to decouple electron and phonon transport via energy filtering and enhanced phonon scattering. The architecture integrates a conductive Ag2Te nanowire core, metallic Ag nanoparticle islands to facilitate carrier transport, and an external PEDOT:PSS shell that serves as an energy filter to suppress low-energy electrons. The hierarchical design achieves an ultralow room-temperature thermal conductivity of 0.407 W m-1 K-1 and a high power factor of 294.53 mu W m-1 K- 2, resulting in a record-high ZT value of 0.22 at 300 K, outperforming comparable materials. The fabricated flexible thermoelectric generator (FTEG), when worn on the human body, produces an opencircuit voltage of 1.29 mV, under a temperature difference of 5.6 K between the skin and the environment confirming that the device itself cannot directly drive LEDs. After amplification by a low-power amplification circuit module, it is capable of powering four LEDs, demonstrating its promising potential for self-powered wearable electronics.

Polymer nanosphere-based devices demonstrate exceptional optoelectronic properties due to the surface and size effect. However, the lack of predictive computational models for nanosphere interactions during fabrication, coupled with inherently weak mechanical strength (<2 MPa) in self-assembled systems, severely limits their industrial applications. To address these challenges, we develop a Discrete Element Method with integrated bond mechanics and hysteretic spring contact models (DEM-Bond) that enables precise computational design of ordered nanostructures. This multi-scale framework uniquely captures critical nanosphere behaviors including bond formation dynamics, plastic deformation, and fracture mechanics during thermoforming processes. Our simulations reveal how interfacial bonding parameters govern macroscopic mechanical performance, demonstrating enhancement in hardness through optimized crosslinking strategies. The model shows remarkable consistency (<5 % deviation) with nanoindentation tests in predicting load-displacement behavior and stress distribution patterns. By establishing quantitative correlations between processing parameters (temperature, pressure, types of crosslinking agents and concentration) and mechanical outputs (stiffness and hardness), the DEM-Bond framework provides a powerful computational platform for rational design of nanostructured polymer devices. This approach demonstrates significant potential for extension to other nanosphere systems including polystyrene and biopolymers, opening new avenues for developing mechanically robust functional nanomaterials.

The integration of 3D printing into the manufacture of recycled structural color components presents a compelling alternative to conventional dyes and pigments. This paper proposes a processing strategy combining colloidal nanosphere self-assembly, twin-screw extrusion, and FDM 3D printing to rapidly produce noniridescent structural color components. The twin-screw extrusion mixes nanospheres with resin by using thermal shear forces to arrange nanospheres uniformly, creating structural color filaments (SCFs) for 3D printing. Using FDM 3D printing, various structural color patterns and three-dimensional structural color models (SCMs) are successfully fabricated. The results demonstrate that colloidal nanospheres can achieve regular arrangement within seconds under thermal shear, with the extruded filaments and printed models exhibiting pronounced noniridescent structural colors on a black substrate. Furthermore, SCFs and 3D-printed SCMs demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strengths reaching 20.1 and 11.5 MPa, respectively. Moreover, this technology also features advantages such as material recyclability, low cost, low energy consumption, and flexibility in customization flexibility. These findings provide valuable insights into the integration of photonic crystals with 3D printing, underscoring the extensive application potential of noniridescent structural color materials in the production of complex patterns and functional components.

Restricted by the significant non-radiative losses in the anti-Stokes process of converting low-energy photons to high-energy photons of upconversion materials, their applications necessitate high excitation thresholds in infrared imaging, lasers modulation and photodynamic therapy. Herein, we report an implantable upconversion artificial lens capable of converting infrared into visible light with an ultralow excitation power (0.015 mW cm-2), and integrating a self-adaptive photoprotection capability to remedy dim light seeing loss and dazzle blindness. Based on the polymeric dynamic coordination bond microenvironment regulation, the non-radiative vibrations could be suppressed to enhance upconversion luminescence via regulating the surface charge of upconversion nanoparticles in polymers by the stretching and contraction of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the integrated lens with indium phthalocyanine could activate a graduated photoprotection in 1 ms; this response speed is 1500 times faster than human pupil constriction and dilation. The lens-implanted rabbits achieved retinal responses under ultralow-power infrared illumination and retinal protection from strong light. The fast and clear imaging capabilities greatly shortened the blind time. This research proposes a strategy to achieve lowthreshold upconversion and creates an avenue to establish the link between nonlinear optical nanomaterials and biological engineering, and provides a potential approach for bioimaging, phototherapy and wearable devices.

Fiber has been considered as an ideal material for virus insulation due to the readily available electrostatic adsorption. However, restricted by the electrostatic attenuation and filtration performance decline, their long-lasting applications are unable to satisfy the requirements of medical protective equipment for major medical and health emergencies such as global epidemics, which results in both a waste of resources and environmental pollution. We overcame these issues by constructing a fiber-in-tube structure, achieving the robust reusability of fibrous membranes. Core fibers within the hollow could form generators with tube walls of shell fibers to provide persistent, renewable static electricity via piezoelectricity and triboelectricity. The PM0.3 insulation efficiency achieved 98% even after 72 h of humidity and heat aging, through beating and acoustic waves, which is greatly improved compared with that of traditional nonwoven fabric (∼10% insulation). A mask spun with our fiber also has a low breathing resistance (differential pressure <24.4 Pa/cm2). We offer an approach to enrich multifunctional fiber for developing electrifiable filters, which make the fiber-in-tube filtration membrane able to durably maintain a higher level of protective performance to reduce the replacement and provide a new train of thought for the preparation of other high-performance protective products.

Flexible and wearable pressure sensors have attracted significant attention in the fields of smart medicine and human health monitoring. Nevertheless, the design and fabrication of degradable disposable pressure sensors still face urgent challenges. Herein, we fabricated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-reinforced chitosan (CS) piezoelectric films for intelligent sensors through a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly roll-forming method. The results show that PHB doping successfully increased the effective piezoelectric coefficient of the chitosan-based film from 40.12 to 49.38 pm/V (a 23% increase). Simultaneously, the pressure sensor based on the CS/PHB film exhibited excellent response sensitivity (484 mV/kPa) and a wide linear response range (0-130 kPa), which could be used as haptic sensors and motion monitoring sensors for the fast response to human motion signals. Additionally, the CS/PHB film could be completely degraded within 18 days in a natural soil environment, demonstrating outstanding degradability. Therefore, chitosan-based piezoelectric films with excellent biodegradability and piezoelectric characteristics have been successfully fabricated in this work, which will promote the innovative development of green chitosan-based electronic devices and disposable pressure sensors.

Counterfeit items are growing worldwide, affecting the global economy and human health. Anticounterfeiting tags based on a physical microstructure or chemical materials have enjoyed long-term commercial success due to their visualization and inexpensive production. However, conventional anticounterfeiting tags can be readily imitated. Herein, we have overcome this limitation by assembling colloidal nanospheres and two luminescent micromaterials into a composited photonic crystal (PhC) and achieved massive scale-up fabrication of multilevel anticounterfeiting PhC films in just several minutes of thermal rolling. The fabricated PhC film exhibits three optical states, including angle-dependent structural color (reflectivity = 66%) under white light, emits green light under 980 nm light, and emits red light under ultraviolet light. Multilevel anticounterfeiting colorful images were obtained by further use of masking templates, which integrate colors from both physically colored microstructures and chemical luminescent materials. Besides, the thermal-rolling process also shows excellent feasibility for assembling microunits with different sizes into high-quality functional PhC films.

The rapid development of underwater vehicles has posed the pressing and urgent requirement for smart underwater skin. Developing the multi-function underwater skin for sound detection and absorption is of significance for environment investigation and stable operation of underwater vehicles. Herein, a novel underwater acoustic skin with dual functions of sensitive sound detection and effective sound absorption under high hydrostatic pressure was reported. With addition of piezoelectric multiple yolk-shell particles and carbon nanotube network, the smart skin exhibited excellent sound absorption performance and enhanced mechanical property, which retained a high sound coefficient under pressure of 3 MPa compared to the resin skin. The enhanced skin with piezoelectric particles also exhibited sensitive sound detection capability with admirable directivity. The results proved the broad application prospect of the acoustic skin based on piezoelectric multiple yolk-shell particles and conductive network in the underwater extreme environment.

The spreading behavior of particles has a significant impact on the processing quality of additive manufacturing. Compared with spherical metal material, polymer particles are usually non-spherical in shape. However, the effects of particle shape and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the spreading process of particles with reconstructed shapes (non-spherical particles decomposed into several spherical shapes by stereo-lithography models) are simulated by integrating spherical particles with the discrete element method. The results show that more cavities form in the spreading beds of particles with reconstructed shapes than those of spheres with blade spreading. Correspondingly, particles with reconstructed shapes have lower packing densities, leading to more uniform packing patterns. Slow propagation speeds of velocity and angular velocity lead to “right-upwards” turning boundaries for particles with reconstructed shapes and “right-downwards” turning boundaries for spherical particles. Moreover, as the blade velocity increases, the packing density decreases. Our calculation results verify each other and are in good agreement with the experiment, providing more details of the behavior of non-spherical particles before additive manufacturing. The comprehensive comparison between polymer non-spherical particles and spherical particles helps develop a reasonable map for the appropriate choice of operating parameters in real processes.

Challenges remain in the design and manufacture of acoustic devices with excellent broadband sound absorption performance. Herein, an efficient acoustic absorber with hierarchical pore structure and additional acoustic-electrical energy conversion mechanism is reported in which combined zirconia porous ceramics and P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric aerogels. Reticular cross-scale pore structure enables sound waves to propagate and dissipate effectively. The vibrations generated by piezoelectric aerogels under acoustic excitation further consume sound waves through converting acoustic energy into electrical energy based on the local piezoelectric and triboelectric effect, which improves the medium and low-frequency sound absorption capability. The average sound absorption coefficient of the prepared acoustic composites reaches 0.87 while the noise reduction coefficient is 0.54. Furthermore, the composites also possess low density, high compressive strength, good hydrophobicity and thermal insulation properties for applications. Therefore, this innovative strategy offers new design ideas for the next generation of high-performance acoustic materials with promising applications in transportation and industrial construction.