Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a vesicant, and the respiratory tract is one of its primary target organs. The recovery following NM exposure is protracted. Despite the existence of numerous theories regarding the toxic effects of NM, but to date, no studies have investigated the global cellular response profiles across distinct phases after NM exposure. Herein, we examined alterations in pulmonary function in mice before and after NM exposure, characterized the biological changes in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) during acute NM exposure and the subsequent post-exposure recovery phase, and further analyzed the impact of p97 deficiency on cell injury.Following acute NM exposure, the expiratory time and total respiratory cycle time were prolonged in mice, whereas the expiratory flow at 50% of tidal volume (EF50) and alveolar volume were reduced. NM rapidly perturbs nucleic acid-associated biological processes within the nucleus, including the cell cycle, chromatin dynamics, mitosis, and RNA processing and splicing, with concomitant upregulation of the expression of relevant proteins. Acute NM exposure for 1 h exerted no effect on total p97 expression level, but promoted the accumulation of p97 in the cytoplasm. In contrast, nuclear p97 expression was increased at 24 h after NM removal. Although p97 deficiency exerted minimal effects on cellular stress responses during the acute exposure phase, it disrupted intracellular material transport, elicited a tendency toward the suppression of nuclear protein expression, and impeded the recovery process after the termination of NM exposure. P97 deficiency primarily repressed the expression of nucleoporins and histones, and inhibited aerobic respiration during the cellular recovery phase.Collectively, these findings suggest that the perturbation of nucleic acid-associated biological processes constitutes the initial and critical event underlying the respiratory toxicity of NM. Furthermore, p97 deficiency impairs material transport, small-molecule metabolism, and mitochondrial function, and prolongs the recovery time in the aftermath of NM exposure.

BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) is a global health concern. The combined effects of prenatal PM2.5 and heavy metal exposures on PTB risk remain unclear.MethodsA nested case-control study included 111 PTB cases and 124 controls from Chongqing. Maternal blood concentrations of 18 trace elements were measured in mid-pregnancy. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP). Residential addresses were geocoded and linked to these exposure estimates. Logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS), grouped WQS (GWQS), and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to evaluate individual, mixture and interaction effects.ResultsHigher PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester and early-to-mid pregnancy was associated with increased PTB risk. Cadmium, selenium, and zinc were positively associated with PTB, whereas lithium and nickel were inversely associated. WQS models indicated the mixture was associated with elevated PTB risk (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.71), with PM2.5 contributing the largest weight, lithium and nickel were inversely associated (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.74). GWQS models showed that PM2.5 (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.68, 3.07) and essential trace elements (ETE) (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.60, 3.44) positively associated with PTB, whereas conditionally essential trace elements (CTE) were inversely associated (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.59). Seven-group GWQS analyses suggested potential interaction between PM2.5 and ETE (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.33, 9.10) and inverse associations with CTE. BKMR revealed nonlinear mixture effects and a non-monotonic effect of lithium.ConclusionPregnancy exposure to PM2.5 and heavy metal mixtures were associated PTB risk, with evidence of complex and potentially interactive associations. These findings highlight the importance of integrated assessments of multiple environmental exposures and targeted public health strategies to reduce maternal and child health risks.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with impaired semen quality, but the potential mitigating role of residential greenness remains unclear. We conducted a hospital-based prospective cohort study of 3770 Chinese men who underwent 4847 semen examinationin in Chongqing, China (2018-2023). Exposure to PM2.5 and its components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, OM, BC) was estimated for the 0-90 days preceding semen collection, while residential greenness was assessed using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the same period. Semen quality parameters including progressive motility, non-progressive motility, total motility, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and viability, were assessed according to WHO 5th edition guidelines. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between environmental exposures and semen quality and their interactions. Higher exposure to PM2.5 and its components was associated with poorer semen quality, including reduced progressive motility, sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm viability, and total motility. For instance, per IQR increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 2.0% decrease in progressive motility (-3.7%, -0.3%) and a reduction in total sperm count of 0.108 million sperm (-0.160, -0.056). In contrast, higher residential greenness was positively associated with total sperm count. Significant interactions were observed between greenness and PM2.5 or SO42- for progressive and total sperm motility, with higher greenness mitigating adverse effects, particularly at lower SO42- levels. The observed associations varied across age, BMI, education levels, adverse lifestyle factors, and season. These findings highlight the potential role of urban green spaces in protecting male reproductive health.

Spontaneous abortion (SAB), a significant adverse pregnancy outcome, affects up to 30 % of pregnancies. While recent studies have demonstrated the harmful effects of environmental fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution on pregnancy outcomes, the specific contributions of individual PM2.5 components to the risk of SAB remain unclear. This case-control study examines the impact of short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical components-black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+)-on the risk of SAB in Chongqing, China, from 2020 to 2023. Data from 1661 SAB cases were analyzed, with exposure to PM2.5 and its components estimated using address-based inverse distance weighting. Conditional logistic regression models revealed significant associations between SAB risk and per inter quartile range (IQR) increases in PM2.5 (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.17-1.50), BC (OR: 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.17-1.46), OM (OR: 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.22-1.56), and NO3-(OR: 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.08-1.45). Multi-pollutant analysis identified OM as the largest contributor to joint effects, accounting for 76.5 % of the total. Distributed lag non-linear models highlighted specific temporal susceptibility windows, showing lagged effects of PM2.5, BC, OM, and NO3- within the 28 days before conception. These findings underscore the role of PM2.5 and its components, particularly OM, in increasing SAB risk and emphasize the importance of targeting critical exposure periods in preventive strategies.

BACKGROUND:Little is known regarding the shared genetic architecture underlying the phenotypic associations between depression and preterm birth (PTB). We aim to investigate the genetic overlap and causality of depression with PTB. METHODS:Leveraging summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies for broad depression (Ntotal = 807,533), major depression (Ntotal = 173,005), bipolar disorder (Ntotal = 414,466), and PTB (Ntotal = 226,330), we conducted a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis to assess global and local genetic correlations, identify pleiotropic loci, and infer potential causal relationships. RESULTS:Positive genetic correlations were observed between PTB and broad depression (rg = 0.242), major depression (rg = 0.236), and bipolar disorder (rg = 0.133) using the linkage disequilibrium score regression, which were further verified by the genetic covariance analyzer. Local genetic correlation was identified at chromosome 11q22.3 (harbors NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2) for PTB with depression. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified two loci shared between PTB and broad depression, two loci shared with major depression, and five loci shared with bipolar disorder, among which three were novel (rs7813444, rs3132948 and rs9273363). Mendelian randomization demonstrated a significantly increased risk of PTB for genetic liability to broad depression (odds ratio [OR]=1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.52) and major depression (OR=1.27; 95%CI: 1.08-1.49), and the estimates remained significant across the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings demonstrate an intrinsic link underlying depression and PTB and shed novel light on the biological mechanisms, highlighting an important role of early screening and effective intervention of depression in PTB prevention, and may provide novel treatment strategies for both diseases.

Background The pathogenesis of chronic migraine remains to be explored. Studies have confirmed that the incidence of chronic migraine is significantly higher in female patients than in male patients. The Estrogen receptor GPER is a G protein-coupled receptor and a member of the estrogen-related receptor family, which has been proven to regulate inflammation. Therefore, this study explores the exact role of the GPER receptor in chronic migraine and its mechanisms. Method Chronic migraine models were established by repeatedly stimulating the lateral ventricle with inflammatory soup. Mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were evaluated using von Frey filaments and radiant heat. The mRNA and protein expression levels of dopamine GPER receptor were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the co-localization of dopamine GPER and microglial Iba-1, as well as SP1 and microglial Iba-1. A GPER receptor antagonist (G15) and receptor agonist (G1), an SP1 inhibitor (AV37193-100UG), and an NLRP3 antagonist (MCC950) were used to investigate the specific mechanisms. Serum samples were collected from chronic migraine patients aged 18 to 74 years and 9 male controls without a family history of chronic migraine. The levels of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in the serum of the two groups were compared. Result Inflammatory soup stimulation significantly reduced the pain threshold in rats, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of GPER receptor at the TNC site, an increase in the expression of nuclear transcription factor SP1, and NLRP3 in microglia. In the TNC, GPER and SP1 were co-localized with microglia, and the antagonism of GPER mediated an increase in the nuclear translocation of SP1, aggravating the pain hyperalgesia in CM rats, which was reversed by NLRP3 activation in CM rats. Finally, the serum level of 17β-estradiol in male patients with chronic migraine was higher than that in the control group. Conclusion GPER may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic migraine in rats by mediating the nuclear translocation of SP1 and regulating the transcriptional level of NLRP3 and central sensitization. GPER may be a valuable candidate for the treatment of chronic migraine.

Abstract Background Preterm birth (PTB) is an important predictor of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Previous researches have reported a correlation between air pollution and an increased risk of preterm birth. However, the specific relationship between short-term and long-term exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and preterm birth remains less explored. Methods A population-based study was conducted among 515,498 pregnant women in Chongqing, China, to assess short-term and long-term effects of CO on preterm and very preterm births. Generalized additive models (GAM) were applied to evaluate short-term effects, and exposure-response correlation curves were plotted after adjusting for confounding factors. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using COX proportional hazard models to estimate the long-term effect. Results The daily incidence of preterm and very preterm birth was 5.99% and 0.41%, respectively. A positive association between a 100 µg/m³ increase in CO and PTB was observed at lag 0–3 days and 12–21 days, with a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.021(95%CI: 1.001–1.043). The exposure-response curves (lag 0 day) revealed a rapid increase in PTB due to CO. Regarding long-term exposure, positive associations were found between a 100 µg/m3 CO increase for each trimester(Model 2 for trimester 1: HR = 1.054, 95%CI: 1.048–1.060; Model 2 for trimester 2: HR = 1.066, 95%CI: 1.060–1.073; Model 2 for trimester 3: HR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.001–1.013; Model 2 for entire pregnancy: HR = 1.080, 95%CI: 1.073–1.088) and higher HRs of very preterm birth. Multiplicative interactions between air pollution and CO on the risk of preterm and very preterm birth were detected (P- interaction<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to low levels of CO may have protective effects against preterm birth, while long-term exposure to low concentrations of CO may reduce the risk of both preterm and very preterm birth. Moreover, our study indicated that very preterm birth is more susceptible to the influence of long-term exposure to CO during pregnancy, with acute CO exposure exhibiting a greater impact on preterm birth. It is imperative for pregnant women to minimize exposure to ambient air pollutants.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution characteristics of Rh phenotype in pregnant and postpartum women in Chongqing area, and to explore the clinical significance of Rh phenotype in pregnant and postpartum women and the feasibility of Rh phenotype compatible blood transfusion. METHODS:The ABO blood group and Rh phenotype of 65 161 pregnant and postpartum women were detected by microcolumn gel method, and 48 122 males in the same period were taken as controls. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test. RESULTS:There were 112 870 cases (99.64%) of RhD+ in 113 283 samples. In RhD+ cases, CCDee (48.39%) and CcDEe (32.88%) were the main phenotypes. The first case of D-- phenotype in Chongqing area was detected. 413 cases (0.36%) of RhD- were detected, with ccdee (52.78%) and Ccdee (33.41%) as the main phenotypes. Compared with RhD- group, RhD+ group showed statistically significant difference in Rh phenotype distribution (P < 0.01). Among 65 161 maternal samples, the positive rate of 5 antigens of Rh blood group from high to low was D > e > C > c > E, and there was no significant difference compared with male samples (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of Rh phenotype between males and pregnant/postpartum women, as well as between pregnant/postpartum women with different ABO blood groups (P >0.05). In pregnant and postpartum women, there was no significant difference in distribution of Rh phenotype among the normal pregnancy population, the population with adverse pregnancy history, the population using human assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the population with infertility (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of Rh phenotype between the 4 populations mentioned above and the inpatients in the local general Grade A hospitals and the blood donors (P >0.05). In RhD positive pregnant and postpartum women, the probability of finding compatible blood for CcDEe phenotype was 100%, the probability of finding compatible blood for CCDee, CcDee and CCDEe phenotypes was 45%-60%, the probability of finding compatible blood for ccDEE, ccDEe and CcDEE phenotypes was 5%-10%, and the probability of finding compatible blood for other phenotypes was lower than 0.5%. The supply of blood with CCDee and ccDEE phenotypes can meet the compatible transfusions requirements of 7 Rh phenotypes in more than 99% of patients. CONCLUSION:Rh phenotype detection should be carried out for pregnant and postpartum women, and it is feasible to carry out Rh phenotype-matched or compatible blood transfusion for pregnant and postpartum women who need blood transfusion.

BACKGROUND:Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare and specific type of smooth muscle tumor that is histologically benign but has a malignant biological behavior. It is commonly associated with a history of uterine leiomyomas.CASE PRESENTATION:A 36-year-old woman, G1P1, presented to the hospital with left lower abdominal pain for 2 months and she has accepted hysteroscopic myomectomy about 1 year ago. Ultrasound venography, echocardiography and computed tomography venography (CTV) of inferior vena cava were performed, which revealed IVL located in left intramural myometrium walls growing along the left ovarian vein reaching the level of the lumbar 5-sacral 1 disc. Laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomyis were scheduled. The IVL in the left ovarian vein and parauterine venous plexus were detected and excised completely during surgery. IVL was diagnosed by postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry. The patient recovered well after surgery. No surgical-related or anesthesia-related complications occurred.The 3-month follow-up CTV of inferior vena cava and echocardiography examination revealed normal.CONCLUSIONS:The cause of IVL is unknown, this observation demonstrates that hysteroscopic myomectomy might lead to the occurrence of IVL.

Introduction There have been many researches done on the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but few studies related to very low birth weight (VLBW). This study thus explores the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of VLBW, and estimates the sensitive exposure time window. Methods A retrospective cohort study analyzed in Chongqing, China, during 2015–2020. The Generalized Additive Model were applied to estimate exposures for each participant during each trimester and the entire pregnancy period. Results For each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 during pregnancy, the relative risk of VLBW increased on the first trimester, with RR = 1.100 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.195) in the single-pollutant model. Similarly, for each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 , there was a 12.9% (RR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.055, 1.209) increase for VLBW on the first trimester in the single-pollutant model, and an 11.5% (RR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.024, 1.213) increase in the multi-pollutant model, respectively. The first and second trimester exposures of NO 2 were found to have statistically significant RR values for VLBW. The RR values on the first trimester were 1.131 (95% CI: 1.037, 1.233) and 1.112 (95% CI: 1.015, 1.218) in the single-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model, respectively; The RR values on the second trimester were 1.129 (95% CI: 1.027, 1.241) and 1.146 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.265) in the single-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model, respectively. The RR of O3 exposure for VLBW on the entire trimester was 1.076 (95% CI: 1.010–1.146), and on the second trimester was 1.078 (95% CI: 1:016, 1.144) in the single-pollutant model. Conclusion This study indicates that maternal exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 during pregnancy may increase the risk of very low birth weight, especially for exposure on the first and second trimester. Reducing the risk of early maternal exposure to ambient air pollution is thus necessary for pregnant women.

Accumulating evidence suggested that the risk of preterm births (PTBs) following prenatal exposure to air pollution was inconclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between air pollution exposure in the days before delivery and PTB and assess the threshold effect of short-term prenatal exposure to air pollution on PTB. This study collected data including meteorological factors, air pollutants, and information in Birth Certificate System from 9 districts during 2015–2020 in Chongqing, China. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with the distributed lag non-linear models were conducted to assess the acute impact of air pollutants on the daily counts of PTB, after controlling for potential confounding factors. We observed that PM2.5 was related to increased occurrence of PTB on lag 0–3 and lag 10–21 days, with the strongest on the first day (RR = 1.017, 95

目的 通过分析二级妇幼保健院评审结果中医技质量安全管理存在的问题,为妇幼保健院提高医技质量提供借鉴.方法 分析2020-2021年重庆市20所二级甲等妇幼保健院评审医技质量管理条款评审结果,对比临床检验、影像检查(含特殊检查)条款达标率,分析重庆市各片区间的差异.结果 医技质量管理条款总体达标率较高,医院间医技质量管理持续改进A达标率差异大,最低为9.41％,最高为26.98％.医技质量管理A达标率在不同片区间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).渝东北片区优于其他片区,A达标率为45.19％;渝东南片区整体达标率最低,A达标率仅为14.10％.临床检验质量管理优于影像检查(含特殊检查)质量管理,临床检验质量管理条款C达标率超过影像检查(含特殊检查)质量管理条款3.81％,B达标率超过13.42％,A达标率超过5.44％.结论 等级评审可促进妇幼保健院医技质量管理的发展,但人员、质量管理体系、质量管理工具应用、外检管理等需持续改进,地域间、专业领域间发展不均衡现象亟待改善.

Recent study results on the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution with preterm birth have been inconsistent. The sensitive window of exposure and influence level of air pollutants varied greatly. We aimed to explore the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of preterm birth, and to estimate the sensitive exposure time window. A total of 572,116 mother–newborn pairs, daily concentrations of air pollutants from nearest monitoring stations were used to estimate exposures for each participant during 2015–2020 in Chongqing, China. We applied a generalized additive model and estimated RRs and 95% CIs for preterm birth in each trimester and the entire pregnancy period. In the single-pollutant model, we observed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 had a statistically significant effect on the third trimester and entire pregnancy, with RR = 1.036 (95% CI: 1.021, 1.051) and RR = 1.101 (95% CI: 1.075, 1.128), respectively. Similarly, for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, there were 2.7% (RR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.038) increase for PTB on the third trimester, and 3.8% (RR = 1.038, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.057) increase during the whole pregnancy. We found that for each 10 mg/m3 CO increases, the relative risk of PTB increased on the first trimester (RR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.162), second trimester (RR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.035, 1.204), third trimester (RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.090, 1.250) and whole pregnancy (RR = 1.098, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.192). No statistically significant RR was found for SO2 and NO2 on each trimester of pregnancy. Our study indicates that maternal exposure to high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 during pregnancy may increase the risk for preterm birth, especially for women at the late stage of pregnancy. Statistically increased risks of preterm birth were associated with CO exposure during each trimester and entire pregnancy. Reducing exposure to ambient air pollutants for pregnant women is clearly necessary to improve the health of infants.

目的 探讨妇幼保健机构高危孕产妇一体化管理模式的应用效果.方法 通过对高危孕产妇管理过程中存在问题的系统分析,提出一体化管理流程、具体措施并建设高危孕产妇管理系统实行信息化管理,收集2016—2019年机构内孕产妇管理情况,采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验进行分析,观察推行新管理模式的实施成效.结果 2016—2019年,机构分娩孕产妇数逐年上升,高危孕产妇占比从70.61％上升至87.56％,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.32,P<0.01).危重孕产妇抢救数持续下降,占比从1.15％下降至0.23％,但差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.92,P=0.36).结论 推行高危孕产妇新型一体化管理模式可有效减少危重情况的发生,控制孕产妇死亡率,有助于推动孕产妇安全保障工作的进展.

目的 系统评价剖宫产与阴道顺产两种不同分娩方式对盆底功能的影响.方法 全面检索2015年1月-2019年4月期间维普期刊网、万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、PubMed数据库、Library of Congress数据库、Web of Science数据库中公开发表的关于剖宫产与阴道顺产对盆底功能影响的相关文献.提取数据后,采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入20个符合要求的文献,7081例产妇,其中剖宫产2965例,阴道顺产4116例.Meta分析结果显示:两种不同分娩方式在阴道前壁脱垂率、阴道后壁脱垂率、子宫脱垂率、尿失禁发生率、盆腔器宫脱垂发生率、浅层肌力受损、深层肌力受损等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 剖宫产对盆底功能的影响较阴道顺产小,在一定程度上降低了盆底肌肉损伤及盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor disease,PFD)的发生率,但剖宫产不能完全避免PFD的发生,不能作为选择剖宫产的依据.

Objective To analyze the relationship between air pollutants and spontaneous abortion in Chongqing. Methods Time trend bias was controlled by time-stratified case-crossover design. The distribution lag nonlinear model was employed to study the relationship between air pollution and the number of spontaneous abortion in the main urban area of Chongqing and to control the influence of confounding factors such as meteorological factors. Based on the single pollutant model, the two-pollutant model was used to control the influence of other pollutants on correlation. Results During the study period, the average daily concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 in the air was 39.32, 63.31, 41.04 and 8.86μg/m3, respectively. All pollutants except NO2 were associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion, and all the associations reached the peak value at the lag of 3 d. For the increase of every 10μg/m3, the relative risk value was 1.069 (95%CI: 1.010~1.132), 1.046 (95%CI: 1.007~1.086) and 1.511 (95%CI: 1.148~1.989), respectively. These associations still existed in the two-pollutants model. Conclusion Short-term exposure of PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 in the ambient air may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion in Chongqing.

目的 探讨重庆地区胎膜早破孕产妇生殖道病原体分布及耐药性情况.方法 收集重庆市妇幼保健院产科病房671例胎膜早破孕产妇生殖道病原体分布及耐药性进行回顾研究.结果 本次研究的671例患者,阴道分泌物和胎膜培养病原体阳性分别为126例(18.8％)及138例(20.5％),病原体分布较一致,以大肠埃希菌最为常见,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,对标准治疗方案中的青霉素和红霉素有较强耐药性.结论 重庆地区胎膜早破患者感染病原体分布与西方国家差异大,抗感染治疗不能照搬指南,应根据细菌培养和药敏结果选择更具有针对性的抗生素类药物和治疗方案,尽量选用能覆盖大肠埃希菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素,从而降低围产期感染率、改善母儿结局.

目的：研究宫颈癌及癌前病变患者高危型 HPV感染现状，为 HPV疫苗的应用提供流行病学资料。方法采集2013年8月至2015年1月于该院就诊的门诊妇女宫颈细胞标本，并利用核酸分子杂交技术对HPV‐DNA进行基因分型，综合年龄等信息进行χ2检验等统计分析。结果在188例宫颈癌及癌前病变标本中，HPV感染率为55．8％，其中，16型（19．15％）最常见，其次为52型（7．98％）。H PV感染以单一型别感染（102例，96．2％）为主，其余全为双重感染。结论宫颈癌及癌前病变患者高危型 HPV感染具有明显的亚型分布，在30～39岁年龄层分布多，提示HPV疫苗的使用需要考虑分型以及年龄的因素。

Objective To understand the difference of neonatal positive rates among different detection peri‐ods ,difference of positive rates in serological 3 items tests and difference of positive rates among different combina‐tions of maternal and neonatal blood groups by analyzing the laboratory detection results in ABO hemolytic disease of newborn(ABO‐HDN) .Methods The samples from 223 cases of clinically suspected ABO‐HDN were divided into 4 groups of birth 1 ,2 ,3 ,>3 d according to different detection periods and the O‐A combination group and O‐B combi‐nation group according to maternal and neonatal blood type .The various groups were performed the blood type iden‐tification ,improved direct antiglobulin testing (DAT ) ,antibody free test and antibody thermal radiation test .The de‐tection results were compared among various groups .Results In the results of ABO‐HDN laboratory detection :the positive rates in the birth 1 ,2 ,3 ,> 3 d groups were 89 .8% ,90 .9% ,87 .0% and 76 .7% respectively ,the positive rates were relatively concentrated on birth 1-3 d ,moreover with the extension of time ,the positive rate showed the decreasing trend ;the positive rates in the O‐A group and the O‐B group were 88 .6% and 77 .1% respectively ,the positive rate in the O‐A group was obviously higher than that in the O‐B group .Conclusion The positive rate in the thermal radiation test is higher than that in the improved DAT and antibody free test .The elution test is the most powerful evidence for judging ABO‐HDN .