Drawings and photographs are often insufficient for documentation in the field of art conservation. A reliable documentation requires the acquisition of geometrical as well as colour information. For this purpose a mobile true colour topometric measurement system has been developed.

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is a well-established tool for non-destructive testing. It allows the quantitative determination of surface deformations and micro-movements with a sub-micrometer resolution. In the case of objects which are extended in depth, however, the evaluation and interpretation of the resulting correlation fringe patterns can be affected by perspective image distortions as well as by a varying image size. In this paper a method for combination of ESPI with a photogrammetric 3D coordinate measurement is presented. In this way, interferogram data are precisely allocated in 3D-space. Furthermore, it is possible to take into account a spatially varying sensitivity vector. The utilizability of the method is demonstrated by a deformation measurement on a stone sculpture.

AIM OF THE STUDY:Cosmetic outcome of surgical treatment in the facial region is influenced by the appearance of the scar. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the objectivity and validity of various methods for the assessment of scars.MATERIAL AND METHODS:45 patients undergoing facial surgery were examined three months after surgery. Three maxillofacial surgeons evaluated the wounds in a blinded manner using a visual analog scale (VAS). The patients also used the VAS for evaluation of their own scar. The surface of the scars was also measured by optical profilometry. Finally, the colour of the scars was analysed using both the RGB colour model and the HSV colour model.RESULTS:Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between the values of R (red) as assessed by the three surgeons. However, there was a very strong correlation between the values of H (hue) as assessed by the three raters. The appearance of the surface was more important in the patients' evaluation than in the raters' assessment.CONCLUSION:The hue of a scar as measured in terms of the H value in the HSV colour model is an objective and reliable measure for assessing the cosmetic outcome of facial surgery.

In dentistry, mechanical articulators with which mandibular movements can be reproduced in dentals casts play a major role. Commonly used semiadjustable articulators, however, have major limitations: On the one hand, the movement of the mandible is not reproduced exactly, on the other, they do not provide time-related information on jaw movement. Both problems can be solved by replacing the mechanical articulator by a digital simulation ("virtual articulator") based on digitized plaster casts and electronically recorded masticatory movements. We present a system for the 3D measurement of plaster casts in a skull-related, anatomical coordinate system using the fringe projection technique, and electronically recorded condylar movements. Using numerical algorithms, the contacts between upper and low jaw, and the angle of rotation of the temporomandibular joint can be computed for each movement in dynamic occlusion. Taking the data recorded from a patient as an example, the influence of the accuracy of the digitization of plaster casts on the computation of the rotation of the temporomandibular joint is discussed in relation to the anatomy of the masticatory apparatus.

A measurement of direct photon production in Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions at 158 A GeV has been carried out in the CERN WA98 experiment. Invariant yield of direct photons was extracted as a function of transverse momentum in the interval 0.5 < P-T < 3.3 GeV/c for peripheral, and 0.5 < P-T < 4.0 GeV/c for central collisions. Direct photon yield was extracted on a statistical basis as the difference between the measured inclusive spectrum of photons, and the calculated spectrum of photons which result from all hadrons with significant radiative decay contributions. While no direct photon excess was observed for the peripheral event sample, a significant direct photon signal, compared to statistical and systematical errors, was seen in central collisions at P-T > 1.5 GeV/c. The result constitutes the first observation of direct photons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

A severe drawback of conventional impression techniques used for manufacturing facial prostheses is the fact that due to tensions the soft tissues are deformed which reduces the achievable accuracy and causes discomfort to the patient. Thus, in an interdisciplinary project of the Laboratory of Biophysics and the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the University of Munster a new approach based on an optical 3D coordinate measuring technique using the fringe projection method is developed which offers a precise and contact free acquisition of the facial surface. 3D CAD software has been developed that allows construction of a facial prosthesis from the obtained data. The application of this method is demonstrated on a patient who has lost the left eye and part of the jaw bone during cancer treatment.

A major drawback of conventional impression techniques used for customizing facial prostheses is the fact that pressure applied deforms soft tissue, thus reducing accuracy and causing patient discomfort. A possible solution is the use of optical 3-D coordinate measuring techniques, such as the fringe projection technique, which enables precise and contact-free recording of facial surfaces. The application of this method is demonstrated on a patient who lost his left eye and part of the jaw bone during surgery for cancer. 3-D CAD software that supports the construction of a facial prosthesis from the data obtained has been developed. For this purpose, spline functions are used to define border curves, and the intact half of the face is used as a model for the prosthetic surface. The resulting digital data are used to construct first a model made of synthetic resin, and then a final wax model with the aid of rapid prototyping techniques.

A major drawback of conventional impression techniques used for customizing facial prostheses is the fact that pressure applied deforms soft tissue, thus reducing accuracy and causing patient discomfort. A possible solution is the use of optical 3-D coordinate measuring techniques, such as the fringe projection technique, which enables precise and contact-free recording of facial surfaces. The application of this method is demonstrated on a patient who lost his left eye and part of the jaw bone during surgery for cancer. 3-D CAD software that supports the construction of a facial prosthesis from the data obtained has been developed. For this purpose, spline functions are used to define border curves, and the intact half of the face is used as a model for the prosthetic surface. The resulting digital data are used to construct first a model made of synthetic resin, and then a final wax model with the aid of rapid prototyping techniques.

Localized fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged particles and photons produced in central 158A GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions are studied. The charged versus neutral correlations in common eta-phi phase space regions of varying azimuthal size are analyzed by two different methods. The analysis provides a model-independent demonstration of nonstatistical fluctuations in both charged particle and photon multiplicities in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated charge-neutral fluctuations are observed, contrary to expectations for the production of a disoriented chiral condensate. The result is not explained by the widely used VENUS model.

The Delta(++)-resonance production in central 158 A GeV Pb-208 + Pb-208 collisions at the CERN SPS has been studied. The Delta(++) production was estimated from the invariant mass spectrum of p pi(+)-pairs by subtracting a mixed event background. The measured Delta(++) abundance is compared with the results from other experiments at lower energies, and with a model calculation assuming thermal and chemical equilibrium. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

M. M. Aggarwal, A. Agnihotri, Z. Ahammed, A. L. S. Angelis, V. Antonenko, V. Arefiev, V. Astakhov, V. Avdeitchikov, T. C. Awes, P. V. K. S. Baba, S. K. Badyal, A. Baldine, L. Barabach, C. Barlag, S. Bathe, B. Batiounia, T. Bernier, K. B. Bhalla, V. S. Bhatia, C. Blume, R. Bock, E.-M. Bohne, Z. K. Böröcz, D. Bucher, A. Buijs, H. Büsching, L. Carlen V. Chalyshev, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Cherbatchev, T. Chujo, A. Claussen, A. C. Das, M. P. Decowski, V. Djordjadz P. Donni, I. Doubovik, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, K. El Chenawi, S. Eliseev, K. Enosawa, P. Foka, S. Fokin, V. Frolov M. S. Ganti, S. Garpman, O. Gavrishchuk, F. J. M. Geurts, T. K. Ghosh, R. Glasow, S. K. Gupta, B. Guskov, H. A. Gustafsson, H. H. Gutbrod, R. Higuchi, I. Hrivnacova, M. Ippolitov, H. Kalechofsky, R. Kamermans, K.-H. Kampert, K. Karadjev, K. Karpio, S. Kato, S. Kees, H. Kim, B. W. Kolb, I. Kosarev, I. Koutcheryaev, T. Krümpe A. Kugler, P. Kulinich, M. Kurata, K. Kurita, N. Kuzmin, I. Langbein, A. Lebedev, Y. Y. Lee, H. Löhner, L. Luquin, D. P. Mahapatra, V. Manko, M. Martin, A. Maximov, R. Mehdiyev, G. Mgebrichvili, Y. Miake, D. Mikhalev, G. C. Mishra, Y. Miyamoto, D. Morrison, D. S. Mukhopadhyay, V. Myalkovski, H. Naef, B. K. Nandi, S. K. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, S. Neumaier, A. Nianine, V. Nikitine, S. Nikolaev, P. Nilsson, S. Nishimura, P. Nomokonov, J. Nystran F. E. Obenshain, A. Oskarsson, I. Otterlund, M. Pachr, A. Parfenov, S. Pavliouk, T. Peitzmann,* V. Petracek,* W. Pinanaud, F. Plasil, M. L. Purschke, B. Raeven, J. Rak, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, V. S. Ramamurthy, N. K. Ra F. Retiere, K. Reygers, G. Roland, L. Rosselet, I. Roufanov, C. Roy, J. M. Rubio, H. Sako, S. S. Sambyal, R. San S. Sato, H. Schlagheck, H.-R. Schmidt, G. Shabratova, I. Sibiriak, T. Siemiarczuk, D. Silvermyr, B. C. Sinha, N. Slav K. Söderström, N. Solomey, S. P. Sørensen, P. Stankus, G. Stefanek, P. Steinberg, E. Stenlund, D. Stüken, M. Sum T. Svensson, M. D. Trivedi, A. Tsvetkov, C. Twenhöfel, L. Tykarski, J. Urbahn, N. v. Eijndhoven, G. J. v. Nieuwenhuize A. Vinogradov, Y. P. Viyogi, A. Vodopianov, S. Vörös, B. Wysłouch, K. Yagi, Y. Yokota, and G. R. Young

M. M. Aggarwal,1 A. Agnihotri,2 Z. Ahammed,3 A. L. S. Angelis,4 V. Antonenko,5 V. Arefiev,6 V. Astakhov,6 V. Avdeitchikov,6 T. C. Awes,7 P. V. K. S. Baba,8 S. K. Badyal,8 C. Barlag,9 S. Bathe,9 B. Batiounia,6 T. Bernier,10 K. B. Bhalla,2 V. S. Bhatia,1 C. Blume,9 R. Bock,11 E.-M. Bohne,9 Z. Böröcz,9 D. Bucher,9 A. Buijs,12 H. Büsching,9 L. Carlen,13 V. Chalyshev,6 S. Chattopadhyay,3 R. Cherbatchev,5 T. Chujo,14 A. Claussen,9 A. C. Das,3 M. P. Decowski,18 H. Delagrange,10 V. Djordjadze,6 P. Donni,4 I. Doubovik,5 S. Dutt,8 M. R. Dutta Majumdar,3 K. El Chenawi,13 S. Eliseev,15 K. Enosawa,14 P. Foka,4 S. Fokin,5 M. S. Ganti,3 S. Garpman,13 O. Gavrishchuk,6 F. J. M. Geurts,12 T. K. Ghosh,16 R. Glasow,9 S. K. Gupta,2 B. Guskov,6 H. Å. Gustafsson,13 H. H. Gutbrod,10 R. Higuchi,14 I. Hrivnacova,15 M. Ippolitov,5 H. Kalechofsky,4 R. Kamermans,12 K.-H. Kampert,9 K. Karadjev,5 K. Karpio,17 S. Kato,14 S. Kees,9 C. Klein-Bösing,9 S. Knoche,9 B. W. Kolb,11 I. Kosarev,6 I. Koutcheryaev,5 T. Krümpel,9 A. Kugler,15 P. Kulinich,18 M. Kurata,14 K. Kurita,14 N. Kuzmin,6 I. Langbein,11 A. Lebedev,5 Y. Y. Lee,11 H. Löhner,16 L. Luquin,10 D. P. Mahapatra,19 V. Manko,5 M. Martin,4 G. Martínez,10 A. Maximov,6 G. Mgebrichvili,5 Y. Miake,14 Md. F. Mir,8 G. C. Mishra,19 Y. Miyamoto,14 B. Mohanty,19 M.-J. Mora,10 D. Morrison,20 D. S. Mukhopadhyay,3 H. Naef,4 B. K. Nandi,19 S. K. Nayak,10 T. K. Nayak,3 S. Neumaier,11 A. Nianine,5 V. Nikitine,6 S. Nikolaev,5 P. Nilsson,13 S. Nishimura,14 P. Nomokonov,6 J. Nystrand,13 F. E. Obenshain,20 A. Oskarsson,13 I. Otterlund,13 M. Pachr,15 S. Pavliouk,6 T. Peitzmann,9 V. Petracek,15 W. Pinganaud,10 F. Plasil,7 U. v. Poblotzki,9 M. L. Purschke,11 J. Rak,15 R. Raniwala,2 S. Raniwala,2 V. S. Ramamurthy,19 N. K. Rao,8 F. Retiere,10 K. Reygers,9 G. Roland,18 L. Rosselet,4 I. Roufanov,6 C. Roy,10 J. M. Rubio,4 H. Sako,14 S. S. Sambyal,8 R. Santo,9 S. Sato,14 H. Schlagheck,9 H.-R. Schmidt,11 Y. Schutz,10 G. Shabratova,6 T. H. Shah,8 I. Sibiriak,5 T. Siemiarczuk,17 D. Silvermyr,13 B. C. Sinha,3 N. Slavine,6 K. Söderström,13 N. Solomey,4 G. Sood,1 S. P. Sørensen,7,20 P. Stankus,7 G. Stefanek,17 P. Steinberg,18 E. Stenlund,13 D. Stüken,9 M. Sumbera,15 T. Svensson,13 M. D. Trivedi,3 A. Tsvetkov,5 L. Tykarski,17 J. Urbahn,11 E. C. v. d. Pijll,12 N. v. Eijndhoven,12 G. J. v. Nieuwenhuizen,18 A. Vinogradov,5 Y. P. Viyogi,3 A. Vodopianov,6 S. Vörös,4 B. Wysłouch,18 K. Yagi,14 Y. Yokota,14 and G. R. Young7

The preliminary results of anisotropic transverse flow will be reported in 158 A GeV Pb + Pb collisions.The centrality dependence of the directed flow has been measured at the target rapidity region. The directed flow of the pions is opposite to that of the protons, where the magnitude of the directed flow of protons seem to be significantly smaller than observed at AGS energies and than RQMD. While, maximum directed flow is observed in more peripheral events. Near mid-rapidity region, the elliptic flow of pi(+/-) mesons is studied. The shape of the two-pion correlation function is investigated as a function of the two-particle emission angle relative to the target proton flow. Our preliminary results show an indication of a dependence of the two-pion correlation function on the direction of emission relative to the target flow direction for semi-central collisions.

Three-particle correlations have been measured for identified pi(-) from central 158A GeV Pb+Pb collisions by the WA98 experiment at CERN. A substantial contribution of the genuine three-body correlation has been found as expected for a mainly chaotic and symmetric source.