Einleitung: Die transvaginale Bergung im Rahmen einer lap. Sigmaresektion ist in einigen Kliniken etabliert. Als Vorteil dieser Methode wird das Vermeiden des transabdominellen Bergeschnittes und der hiermit einhergehenden Morbidität gesehen. Nachteilig ist die vollständige Mobilisation der linken Flexur und des linken Colon transversum sowie das zentrale Absetzen der A. und V. mes. inf. zur Anastomosenvorbereitung vor dem Introitus vaginae. Es kann zu Abscherverletzungen des Mesocolons beim vaginalen Durchzug kommen. Folgerichtig entwickelten wir eine komplett intracorporale Methode zur Vorbereitung und Ausführung der Anastomose.

NOTES („natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery“) ist als Hybridtechnik mit transvaginaler oder transrektaler Bergung in klinischer Erprobung in der kolorektalen Chirurgie. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt die Anastomosentechnik dar, die entweder extrakorporal vorbereitet (transvaginaler Zugang) oder komplett intrakorporal (transvaginal oder transrektal) angelegt werden kann. Mittels dieser Methoden kann das Zugangstrauma weiter reduziert werden.

Einleitung: Die laparoskopische Sigmaresektion gilt als Standardoperation für die Sigmadivertikulose/itis. Die Bergung des Kolons erfolgt über eine Inzision in der Bauchwand. Dies kann zu postoperativen Komplikationen wie beispielsweise Wundinfektion oder Narbenhernie führen. Mit der transvaginalen Bergung und Resektion bietet sich eine Chance, diesen Eingriff weiter zu minimalisieren und oben genannte Komplikationen zu verhindern (Hybrid-NOTES).

A measurement of direct photon production in Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions at 158 A GeV has been carried out in the CERN WA98 experiment. Invariant yield of direct photons was extracted as a function of transverse momentum in the interval 0.5 < P-T < 3.3 GeV/c for peripheral, and 0.5 < P-T < 4.0 GeV/c for central collisions. Direct photon yield was extracted on a statistical basis as the difference between the measured inclusive spectrum of photons, and the calculated spectrum of photons which result from all hadrons with significant radiative decay contributions. While no direct photon excess was observed for the peripheral event sample, a significant direct photon signal, compared to statistical and systematical errors, was seen in central collisions at P-T > 1.5 GeV/c. The result constitutes the first observation of direct photons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Results from the multiplicity distributions of inclusive photons and charged particles, scaling of particle multiplicities, event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations, and charged-neutral fluctuations in 158A GeV Pb+Pb collisions are presented and discussed. A scaling of charged particle multiplicity as N part 1.07±0.05 and photos as N part 1.12±0.03 have been observed, indicating violation of naive wounded nucleon model. The analysis of localized charged-neutral fluctuation indicates a model-independent demonstration of non-statistical fluctuations in both charged particles and photons in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated charged-neutral fluctuations are observed.

Localized fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged particles and photons produced in central 158A GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions are studied. The charged versus neutral correlations in common eta-phi phase space regions of varying azimuthal size are analyzed by two different methods. The analysis provides a model-independent demonstration of nonstatistical fluctuations in both charged particle and photon multiplicities in limited azimuthal regions. However, no correlated charge-neutral fluctuations are observed, contrary to expectations for the production of a disoriented chiral condensate. The result is not explained by the widely used VENUS model.

The Delta(++)-resonance production in central 158 A GeV Pb-208 + Pb-208 collisions at the CERN SPS has been studied. The Delta(++) production was estimated from the invariant mass spectrum of p pi(+)-pairs by subtracting a mixed event background. The measured Delta(++) abundance is compared with the results from other experiments at lower energies, and with a model calculation assuming thermal and chemical equilibrium. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

M. M. Aggarwal, A. Agnihotri, Z. Ahammed, A. L. S. Angelis, V. Antonenko, V. Arefiev, V. Astakhov, V. Avdeitchikov, T. C. Awes, P. V. K. S. Baba, S. K. Badyal, A. Baldine, L. Barabach, C. Barlag, S. Bathe, B. Batiounia, T. Bernier, K. B. Bhalla, V. S. Bhatia, C. Blume, R. Bock, E.-M. Bohne, Z. K. Böröcz, D. Bucher, A. Buijs, H. Büsching, L. Carlen V. Chalyshev, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Cherbatchev, T. Chujo, A. Claussen, A. C. Das, M. P. Decowski, V. Djordjadz P. Donni, I. Doubovik, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, K. El Chenawi, S. Eliseev, K. Enosawa, P. Foka, S. Fokin, V. Frolov M. S. Ganti, S. Garpman, O. Gavrishchuk, F. J. M. Geurts, T. K. Ghosh, R. Glasow, S. K. Gupta, B. Guskov, H. A. Gustafsson, H. H. Gutbrod, R. Higuchi, I. Hrivnacova, M. Ippolitov, H. Kalechofsky, R. Kamermans, K.-H. Kampert, K. Karadjev, K. Karpio, S. Kato, S. Kees, H. Kim, B. W. Kolb, I. Kosarev, I. Koutcheryaev, T. Krümpe A. Kugler, P. Kulinich, M. Kurata, K. Kurita, N. Kuzmin, I. Langbein, A. Lebedev, Y. Y. Lee, H. Löhner, L. Luquin, D. P. Mahapatra, V. Manko, M. Martin, A. Maximov, R. Mehdiyev, G. Mgebrichvili, Y. Miake, D. Mikhalev, G. C. Mishra, Y. Miyamoto, D. Morrison, D. S. Mukhopadhyay, V. Myalkovski, H. Naef, B. K. Nandi, S. K. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, S. Neumaier, A. Nianine, V. Nikitine, S. Nikolaev, P. Nilsson, S. Nishimura, P. Nomokonov, J. Nystran F. E. Obenshain, A. Oskarsson, I. Otterlund, M. Pachr, A. Parfenov, S. Pavliouk, T. Peitzmann,* V. Petracek,* W. Pinanaud, F. Plasil, M. L. Purschke, B. Raeven, J. Rak, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, V. S. Ramamurthy, N. K. Ra F. Retiere, K. Reygers, G. Roland, L. Rosselet, I. Roufanov, C. Roy, J. M. Rubio, H. Sako, S. S. Sambyal, R. San S. Sato, H. Schlagheck, H.-R. Schmidt, G. Shabratova, I. Sibiriak, T. Siemiarczuk, D. Silvermyr, B. C. Sinha, N. Slav K. Söderström, N. Solomey, S. P. Sørensen, P. Stankus, G. Stefanek, P. Steinberg, E. Stenlund, D. Stüken, M. Sum T. Svensson, M. D. Trivedi, A. Tsvetkov, C. Twenhöfel, L. Tykarski, J. Urbahn, N. v. Eijndhoven, G. J. v. Nieuwenhuize A. Vinogradov, Y. P. Viyogi, A. Vodopianov, S. Vörös, B. Wysłouch, K. Yagi, Y. Yokota, and G. R. Young

M. M. Aggarwal,1 A. Agnihotri,2 Z. Ahammed,3 A. L. S. Angelis,4 V. Antonenko,5 V. Arefiev,6 V. Astakhov,6 V. Avdeitchikov,6 T. C. Awes,7 P. V. K. S. Baba,8 S. K. Badyal,8 C. Barlag,9 S. Bathe,9 B. Batiounia,6 T. Bernier,10 K. B. Bhalla,2 V. S. Bhatia,1 C. Blume,9 R. Bock,11 E.-M. Bohne,9 Z. Böröcz,9 D. Bucher,9 A. Buijs,12 H. Büsching,9 L. Carlen,13 V. Chalyshev,6 S. Chattopadhyay,3 R. Cherbatchev,5 T. Chujo,14 A. Claussen,9 A. C. Das,3 M. P. Decowski,18 H. Delagrange,10 V. Djordjadze,6 P. Donni,4 I. Doubovik,5 S. Dutt,8 M. R. Dutta Majumdar,3 K. El Chenawi,13 S. Eliseev,15 K. Enosawa,14 P. Foka,4 S. Fokin,5 M. S. Ganti,3 S. Garpman,13 O. Gavrishchuk,6 F. J. M. Geurts,12 T. K. Ghosh,16 R. Glasow,9 S. K. Gupta,2 B. Guskov,6 H. Å. Gustafsson,13 H. H. Gutbrod,10 R. Higuchi,14 I. Hrivnacova,15 M. Ippolitov,5 H. Kalechofsky,4 R. Kamermans,12 K.-H. Kampert,9 K. Karadjev,5 K. Karpio,17 S. Kato,14 S. Kees,9 C. Klein-Bösing,9 S. Knoche,9 B. W. Kolb,11 I. Kosarev,6 I. Koutcheryaev,5 T. Krümpel,9 A. Kugler,15 P. Kulinich,18 M. Kurata,14 K. Kurita,14 N. Kuzmin,6 I. Langbein,11 A. Lebedev,5 Y. Y. Lee,11 H. Löhner,16 L. Luquin,10 D. P. Mahapatra,19 V. Manko,5 M. Martin,4 G. Martínez,10 A. Maximov,6 G. Mgebrichvili,5 Y. Miake,14 Md. F. Mir,8 G. C. Mishra,19 Y. Miyamoto,14 B. Mohanty,19 M.-J. Mora,10 D. Morrison,20 D. S. Mukhopadhyay,3 H. Naef,4 B. K. Nandi,19 S. K. Nayak,10 T. K. Nayak,3 S. Neumaier,11 A. Nianine,5 V. Nikitine,6 S. Nikolaev,5 P. Nilsson,13 S. Nishimura,14 P. Nomokonov,6 J. Nystrand,13 F. E. Obenshain,20 A. Oskarsson,13 I. Otterlund,13 M. Pachr,15 S. Pavliouk,6 T. Peitzmann,9 V. Petracek,15 W. Pinganaud,10 F. Plasil,7 U. v. Poblotzki,9 M. L. Purschke,11 J. Rak,15 R. Raniwala,2 S. Raniwala,2 V. S. Ramamurthy,19 N. K. Rao,8 F. Retiere,10 K. Reygers,9 G. Roland,18 L. Rosselet,4 I. Roufanov,6 C. Roy,10 J. M. Rubio,4 H. Sako,14 S. S. Sambyal,8 R. Santo,9 S. Sato,14 H. Schlagheck,9 H.-R. Schmidt,11 Y. Schutz,10 G. Shabratova,6 T. H. Shah,8 I. Sibiriak,5 T. Siemiarczuk,17 D. Silvermyr,13 B. C. Sinha,3 N. Slavine,6 K. Söderström,13 N. Solomey,4 G. Sood,1 S. P. Sørensen,7,20 P. Stankus,7 G. Stefanek,17 P. Steinberg,18 E. Stenlund,13 D. Stüken,9 M. Sumbera,15 T. Svensson,13 M. D. Trivedi,3 A. Tsvetkov,5 L. Tykarski,17 J. Urbahn,11 E. C. v. d. Pijll,12 N. v. Eijndhoven,12 G. J. v. Nieuwenhuizen,18 A. Vinogradov,5 Y. P. Viyogi,3 A. Vodopianov,6 S. Vörös,4 B. Wysłouch,18 K. Yagi,14 Y. Yokota,14 and G. R. Young7

The preliminary results of anisotropic transverse flow will be reported in 158 A GeV Pb + Pb collisions.The centrality dependence of the directed flow has been measured at the target rapidity region. The directed flow of the pions is opposite to that of the protons, where the magnitude of the directed flow of protons seem to be significantly smaller than observed at AGS energies and than RQMD. While, maximum directed flow is observed in more peripheral events. Near mid-rapidity region, the elliptic flow of pi(+/-) mesons is studied. The shape of the two-pion correlation function is investigated as a function of the two-particle emission angle relative to the target proton flow. Our preliminary results show an indication of a dependence of the two-pion correlation function on the direction of emission relative to the target flow direction for semi-central collisions.

Three-particle correlations have been measured for identified pi(-) from central 158A GeV Pb+Pb collisions by the WA98 experiment at CERN. A substantial contribution of the genuine three-body correlation has been found as expected for a mainly chaotic and symmetric source.

Direct thermal photons in the p(t) range of 0 - 5 GeV/c are expected to provide a sensitive probe of the hot dense matter formed in the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions. The production of single photons in 158 AGeV Pb+Pb interactions has been studied with the 10080 detector lead glass calorimeter of the WA98 experiment at CERN. Neutral pi(0) cross section has been measured via its two-photon decay branch. At pt >=similar to 1GeV/c single photon yields of similar to 20% of the decay photon yields are observed consistently with different photon identification criteria both for the peripheral and central events.

The multiplicity of inclusive photons has been measured on an event-by-event basis for 158.A GeV Pb induced reactions on Ni, Nb, and Pb targets. The systematics of the pseudorapidity densities at midrapidity (rho(max)) and the width of the pseudorapidity distributions have been studied for varying centralities for these collisions. A power law fit to the photon yield as a function of the number of participating nucleons gives a value of 1.12 +/- 0.03 for the exponent. The mean transverse momentum, [p(T)], of photons determined from the ratio of the measured electromagnetic transverse energy and photon multiplicity, remains almost constant with increasing rho(max). Results are compared with model predictions. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Neutral pion production in central 158A GeV Pb-208 + Pb-208 collisions has been studied in the WA98 experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The pi(0) transverse mass spectrum has been analyzed in terms of a thermal model with hydrodynamic expansion. The high accuracy and large kinematic coverage of the measurement allow one to limit previously noted ambiguities in the extracted freeze-out parameters. The results are shown to be sensitive to the shape of the velocity distribution at freeze-out.

An event-by-event analysis of the azimuthal angular correlation with respect to the reaction plane has been carried out for K+ and pi(+) emission near mid-rapidity in 158 A . GeV Pb + Pb collisions. In semi-central collisions, K+ mesons are found to be preferentially emitted out of the reaction plane, while pi(+) mesons are emitted in the reaction plane. The results suggest that the kaon emission is influenced by in-medium potential effects in addition to collective flow effects. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.