229优华占是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所利用自育不育系229A与恢复系华占配组育成的三系杂交晚籼新组合,其米质优良、高产稳产、制种产量高,2021年12月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.

【Objective】The global warming has led to the increasingly serious heat damage on the heading and flowering stage of rice. To reduce the impact of heat damage on rice production and to ensure food security in China and even the world, new rice germplasms with thermo-tolerance on heading stage should be identified and new thermo-tolerance varieties need be bred.【Method】Guanghui 128 (Qiguizao/Ce64//Minghui 63) was used as the heat resistant parent, through hybridization, multiple crossing and pedigree selection, the lines with high seed setting rate and small variation on heading and flowering stage during the high temperature were screened out for several generations’ breeding process. Then the selected higher generation lines were identified to create new thermos-tolerance rice germplasms in artificial climate chamber (The treated plants will be moved into the chamber on the flowering day, high temperature treatment is 9:00-15:00, 38℃, 15:01-8:59 28℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the treatment lasts for 7 days), with analysis of agronomic trait.【Result】The new germplasm R203 has stronger thermo-tolerance and higher seed setting rates under both normal and high temperature conditions (94.5% at normal temperature, 81.9% at high temperature, and 86.7% at relative). Its agronomic traits, quality and comprehensive resistance all meet the production standards. Above all, R203 has the potential to breed new thermos-tolerance hybrid rice varieties. The seed setting rates of 7 hybrid combinations with R203 as the male parent and seven three-line male sterile lines as the female parent were between 83.4%-99.4% under natural high temperature conditions. Among them, Taiyou 203, a new three-line medium indica hybrid rice has good qualities, the seed setting rate was 87.9%, the comprehensive relative heat resistance coefficient was 1.11, and the heat resistance reached level 1. In the production test, the yield increased by 5.36% compared with the control, and the yield increase point accounted for 85.71%. It has good high and stable yield, and the rice quality reached the second level of the ministerial standard. Thus Taiyou 203 has good promotion and application value.【Conclusion】Currently, basic research on heat resistance is not enough to support the breeding of new practical heat resistant varieties, the rice resources in areas prone to high temperature and humidity are preferred as materials for breeding new heat tolerance lines, a new heat-resistant rice variety R203 was created by phenotypic selection, and a practical heat-resistant rice variety Taiyou 203 was developed by using heterosis.

Brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is one of the most destructive pests of rice. Non-coding RNA plays an important regulatory role in various biological processes. However, comprehensive identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in BPH-infested rice have not been performed. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs in BPH6 -transgenic (resistant, BPH6G) and Nipponbare (susceptible, NIP) rice plants before and after BPH feeding (early and late stage) via deep RNA-sequencing. A total of 310 lncRNAs and 129 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. To reveal the different responses of resistant and susceptible rice to BPH herbivory, the potential functions of these lncRNAs and circRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were predicted and investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR1846c and miR530 were targeted by the lncRNAs XLOC_042442 and XLOC_028297, respectively. In responsive to BPH infestation, 39 lncRNAs and 21 circRNAs were predicted to combine with 133 common miRNAs and compete for miRNA binding sites with 834 mRNAs. These mRNAs predictably participated in cell wall organization or biogenesis, developmental growth, single-organism cellular process, and the response to stress. This study comprehensively identified and characterized lncRNAs and circRNAs, and integrated their potential ceRNA functions, to reveal the rice BPH-resistance network. These results lay a foundation for further study on the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the rice-BPH interaction, and enriched our understanding of the BPH-resistance response in rice.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. Research suggests that lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of nitrogen use efficiency in plants. In this study, we identified 1628 lncRNAs based on the transcriptomic sequencing of rice roots under low-nitrogen (LN) treatment through the implementation of an integrated bioinformatics pipeline. After 4 h of LN treatment, 50 lncRNAs and 373 mRNAs were significantly upregulated, and 17 lncRNAs and 578 mRNAs were significantly downregulated. After 48 h LN treatment, 43 lncRNAs and 536 mRNAs were significantly upregulated, and 42 lncRNAs and 947 mRNAs were significantly downregulated. Moreover, the interaction network among the identified lncRNAs and mRNAs was investigated and one of the LN-induced lncRNAs (lncRNA24320.6) was further characterized. lncRNA24320.6 was demonstrated to positively regulate the expression of a flavonoid 3 '-hydroxylase 5 gene (OsF3 ' H5). The overexpression of lncRNA24320.6 was shown to improve nitrogen absorption and promote growth in rice seedlings under LN conditions. Our results provide valuable insights into the roles of lncRNAs in the rice response to nitrogen starvation.

The identification of superior haplotypes and haplotype combinations is essential for haplotype-based breeding (HBB), which provides selection targets for genomics-assisted breeding. In this study, genotypes of 42 functional genes in rice were analyzed by targeted capture sequencing in a panel of 180 Indica rice accessions. In total, 69 SNPs/Indels in seven genes were detected to be associated with grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of grain length–width (L/W) and thousand-grain weight (TGW) using candidate gene-based association analysis, including BG1 and GS3 for GL, GW5 for GW, BG1 and GW5 for L/W, and AET1, SNAC1, qTGW3, DHD1 and GW5 for TGW. Furthermore, two haplotypes were identified for each of the seven genes according to these associated SNPs/Indels, and the amount of genetic variation explained by different haplotypes ranged from 3.24% to 27.66%. Additionally, three, three and eight haplotype combinations for GL, L/W and TGW explained 25.38%, 5.5% and 22.49% of the total genetic variation for each trait, respectively. Further analysis showed that Minghui63 had the superior haplotype combination Haplotype Combination 4 (HC4) for TGW. The most interesting finding was that some widely used restorer lines derived from Minghui63 also have the superior haplotype combination HC4, and our breeding varieties and lines using the haplotype-specific marker panel also confirmed that the TGW of the lines was much higher than that of their sister lines without HC4, suggesting that TGW-HC4 is the superior haplotype combination for TGW and can be utilized in rice breeding.

巨2优90系湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所、咸宁市农业科学院及宜昌市农业科学院用巨风2A与HR292配组联合选育的优质高产广适三系杂交中籼新品种,2022年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为鄂审稻20220012.介绍了该品种的选育过程、特征特性、栽培技术要点,旨为该品种的推广生产提供技术依据.

[目的]为避免未知基因和遗传背景等不可控因素对育种实践的影响,将高通量SNP分型技术与传统育种相结合,培育新品种,以提高育种效率,实现育种方法的改进,为优质食味稻米新种质的鉴定和创制方法提供参考.[方法]以鉴真2号和鄂中5号为亲本,通过杂交、回交及系谱法选育,在BC1F2—BC1F4群体开展稻米品质分析评价,至BC1F7初步选定优良株系4W1-056,进一步利用捕获测序的方法,对鉴真2号、鄂中5号及66个4W1-056单株中的68个DNA片段进行PCR扩增,并测序,分析908个SNP位点.基于SNP位点的基因型,采用p-distance方法,使用MEGA7软件进行系统进化分析.结合系统进化分析、农艺性状和稻米品质的鉴定,对新品系的选育和鉴定进行评价.[结果]经杂交、回交和自交获得株型好、分蘖力强、茎秆粗壮、抗倒性好、外观品质优的稳定优良株系4W1-056.系统进化分析表明,从4W1-056优良株系中筛选的66个单株分成3个类群:类群Ⅰ、类群Ⅱ和类群Ⅲ.3个类群之间的碱基替代率为0.1398,类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅱ之间的碱基替代率为0.0662,而在各类群内的碱基替代率为0,表明同一类群内的单株没有遗传差异.结合农艺性状和稻米品质的鉴定,将类群Ⅱ作为新的品系,命名为ZY56,与4W1-056相比,其外观品质更好,垩白度为0.9,更接近鄂中5号.利用水稻8K SNP芯片检测ZY56及2个亲本(鉴真2号和鄂中5号),显示ZY56有14.13％的染色体片段来源于鉴真2号,85.87％的染色体片段来源于鄂中5号,进一步说明ZY56的主要基因源于鄂中5号,验证了杂交、回交和自交后的选择结果.特征特性研究结果显示,ZY56完成基本营养生长所需要的最低有效积温为760.5℃,生殖生长的临界光照长度为14 h 13 min,完成幼穗分化需要的有效积温高于711.5℃.不同播期的品质分析结果表明,ZY56对光照长度的反应明显弱于鄂中5号,但生长平稳,有利于稻米品质的形成,表明ZY56的稻米品质具有更好的稳定性.[结论]在资源创制高代选择中,利用高通量SNP分型技术进行遗传一致性筛选,将通过农艺性状测定等常规方法难以细分的材料进行类群细分,最终确定符合目标要求的株系.该方法克服了传统系谱法在高世代选择中针对农艺性状难以继续选择的困难,避免了同类单株重复选择和不同类单株漏选的问题,降低了高世代选择工作量,提高了选择效率,具有推广价值.

水稻地方品种具有丰富的遗传多样性、变异性和大量有价值的基因,长期以来一直被认为是多种有价值基因的来源.对不同水稻种质资源重测序,有助于挖掘有益的等位基因或单倍型变异,进而利用其遗传多样性.关联分析作为挖掘和分析复杂数量性状位点的有效方法,能够快速鉴定自然群体中的有益等位变异,定位与目标性状高度关联的候选基因,在水稻产量性状遗传研究中发挥了巨大作用.本文简要描述了关联分析的基本原理,综述了关联分析在水稻产量性状遗传研究中的进展,并讨论关联分析在未来水稻育种工作中的应用.

在第三次全国农作物种质资源普查中,嘉鱼县已有玉米、大豆、小豆、芝麻、水稻、小麦、油菜等66份作物种质资源收入国家库.分析了嘉鱼县1956年、1981年、2014年的主要粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜品种类型及栽培面积变化,发现嘉鱼县耕地面积较1956年有一定减少,其中粮食作物种植面积大幅减少,但蔬菜瓜果等经济作物面积却较1956年大幅增加.从种植的作物品种类型来看,1956年主要种植地方品种,品种比较单一,1981年、2014年各作物以种植培育品种为主,1981年栽培的多是常规品种,而2014年生产上多以高产、优质、高抗的杂交品种为主.普查中发现嘉鱼县有6份地方资源仍在广泛种植.针对嘉鱼县地域特点,提出保证农作物种质资源保护和利用以及嘉鱼县生态农业可持续发展的建议.

介绍了泰优2806与亲本的特征特性及其高产制种技术.2016—2017年,在湖北武穴、咸宁等地进行制种试验,其高产制种关键技术是选好基地和适宜的扬花授粉期,合理安排播差期确保花期相遇,科学管理创建高产群体,适时适量喷施"920"提高异交结实率,综合防治病虫害,严格除杂确保种子质量,及时收获等.

从20世纪70年代开始杂交水稻研究以来,取得了一系列的成果,但亦出现杂交种的育种产量持续徘徊不前的局面,两系法、三系法杂交种产量相当.分析原因,有下面几个方面:三系杂交稻技术路线上限制于核质互作配套机制要求有选择性地使用亲本而形成两大杂种优势群,多年来较少补充优质的种质资源,杂种优势群内遗传基础不丰富;两系杂交稻的杂种优势来源没有突破三系杂交稻杂种优势形成模式;杂交稻的杂种优势群内种质创新及杂种优势群理论创新研究乏善可陈.本文从生物技术应用、水稻远缘杂交研究、育种研究力量整合等方面就杂交水稻育种未来发展进行了探讨.

High temperature at anthesis is one of the most serious stress factors for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, causing irreversible yield losses and reduces grain quality. Illustration of thermotolerance mechanism is of great importance to accelerate rice breeding aimed at thermotolerance improvement. Here, we identified a new thermotolerant germplasm, SDWG005. Microscopical analysis found that stable anther structure of SDWG005 under stress may contribute to its thermotolerance. Dynamic transcriptomic analysis totally identified 3559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SDWG005 anthers at anthesis under heat treatments, including 477, 869, 2335, and 2210 for 1, 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively; however, only 131 were regulated across all four-time-points. The DEGs were divided into nine clusters according to their expressions in these heat treatments. Further analysis indicated that some main gene categories involved in heat-response of SDWG005 anthers, such as transcription factors, nucleic acid and protein metabolisms related genes, etc. Comparison with previous studies indicates that a core gene-set may exist for thermotolerance mechanism. Expression and polymorphic analysis of agmatine-coumarin-acyltransferase gene OsACT in different accessions suggested that it may involve in SDWG005 thermotolerance. This study improves our understanding of thermotolerance mechanisms in rice anthers during anthesis, and also lays foundation for breeding thermotolerant varieties via molecular breeding.

The variation trendency of crop germplasm resources in Huangpi district of Hubei province was analyzed by using the data of three national surveys on crop germplasm resource in 1956, 1981 and 2014. These three surveys happened during the post-liberation period, the early stage of family contract and the land transfer period. The results showed that 39 lan-draces which collected from Huangpi district and preserved in the National Germplasm Bank were not planted anymore in 2014. The total planting area of major food crops, major cash crops and major vegetable crops all increased firstly and then declined. While the total planting area of fruit and tea crops was on an upward trend. The planting area of these four kinds of crops was in descending order. The ratioes of the latter to the former were 1/2, 1/10 and 1/10, respectively. The number of crop species and varieties decreased in landrace germplasm resources, but increased in cultivation resources, especially since 1981. Only six landraces (local cowpea, red cowpea, Midiwan radish, Huangzhou radish, Shafan radish and local per-simmonra) of three crop species (Vigna unguiculata, Raphanus sativus and Diospyros kaki) were still planted in Huangpi dis-trict in 2014. These landraces should be protected and well used in Huangpi district in the future.

对来自全国13个省、市的328份长粒型优质籼稻品种的产量性状进行统计分析,结果表明,各性状表现值变化幅度较大,单株穗数、单穗粒数、单株产量的变异系数较大,66对产量性状之间相关系数有40对达到极显著水平.从多元回归方程看,结实率对产量贡献最大,对产量的影响程度远超过单株穗数、单穗粒数等性状,说明结实率对优质籼稻产量的影响最大.

The data from general investigation in 1956, 1981, and 2014 of crop germplasm resources in Changyang county of Hubei province was analyzed, crop germplasm resources were accessed and compared systematically with each other on land operation ways, structure of agricultural industries, crop planting structure and variety composition. The findings will provide some clues for collection, conservation and development of local, wild and rare resources, which will contribute the advan-tage exploitation of natural resources, development of featured agriculture, rural revitalization and poverty alleviation for farm-ers in Changyang county.

泰优2806是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所和广东省农科院水稻所利用不育系泰丰A与恢复系R2806配组育成的三系杂交晚籼新组合,其米质优良、高产稳产、生育期短、适宜多种栽培模式,且制种产量高,2018年8月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定.

E两优222是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所利用不育系E农1S与恢复系R222配组育成的两系杂交中籼新组合,具有抗稻瘟病、株叶形态好、高产稳产、适应性广等特点,2018年6月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定.

为充分发掘利用水稻田已有的有益微生物资源,获得水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的拮抗芽孢杆菌菌株,从四川农业大学水稻试验田中采集根际土样,采用稀释平板法在LB培养基上分离得到96株芽孢杆菌菌株.采用平板对峙法,将水稻纹枯病菌标准菌株R.solani AG1 IA与待测芽孢杆菌菌株共培养,得到1株对R.solani AG1 IA具有强拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌菌株Q9-0-1,并以形态学特征、生理生化特性为基础,结合gyrB基因序列分析,将其鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus).

The research achievements of three line hybrid rice in Hubei province were reviewed, and the main cultivars of three line hybrid rice were introduced. The development of three line hybrid rice was discussed, and the suggestions for fu-ture development were put forward.

Safe and stable rice production plays an important role in food security of China. The northwest of Hubei province is a traditional wheat and rice rotation area. A new double season late Indica rice variety, Liangyou 0328, was chosen for direct-seeding cultivation after wheat harvest in this study, to explore a new simple cultivation technological system of rice direct-seeding after wheat harvest under drought situation. This system was aimed at less water consuming, efficient nitrogen using, and labour and time saving. The value of application and variety selection of rice direct-seeding after wheat harvest under drought situation were discussed.