目的 分析不同年龄段小学生眼球生物学参数与屈光状态间的相关性,为大规模群体近视防控筛查敏感指标的确定提供参考.方法 随机抽取房山区小学校区450名6～12岁学龄儿童.采用1％盐酸环喷托酯散瞳,RM-8000计算机验光仪验光;光学相干生物测量仪(IOLMaster)测量眼轴及平均角膜曲率,计算平均角膜曲率半径、轴径比.结果 在低年龄组(6～8岁)中,眼轴与屈光度呈负相关(r=-0.244,P＜0.01),与角膜曲率半径呈正相关(r=0.500,P＜0.01),屈光度与轴径比呈负相关(r=-0.284,P＜0.01);高年龄组(9～12岁)中,眼轴与屈光度呈负相关(r=-0.613,P＜0.01),与角膜曲率半径正相关(r=0.644,P＜0.01),屈光度与轴径比呈负相关(r=-0.809,P＜0.01).高年龄组、低年龄组儿童屈光度与角膜曲率半径均无统计学相关性(r值分别为-0.029,-0.026,P值均＞0.05).不同屈光类型中,低、中度近视组儿童屈光度与眼轴(r=-0.687,-0.797)、轴径比(r=-0.589,-0.836)相关性均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);眼轴与平均角膜曲率半径在远视、正视组相关程度高(r值分别为0.809,0.812,P值均＜0.01).结论 学龄儿童屈光发育中,眼轴延长与近视发生密切相关;角膜曲率半径随眼轴增长而代偿性增大.轴径比与屈光状态显著相关,可有效评估群体近视发生趋势.

AlM:To discuss the feasibility of microcoria optometry in screening for children ametropia. METHODS: Totally 217 school - age children were selected, included 94 first-grade students ( 6 ~ 8 years old) and 123 fourth-grade students ( 9 ~12 years old ) . Refractive diopter was measured with automatic refractor RM-8000 to evaluate the accuracy of micocoria optometry in screening ametropia.RESULTS: After cycloplegia, both the mean sphere diopter and cylinder diopter in grade one students changed significantly (P<0. 05), the mean sphere diopter in grade four students changed significantly (P<0. 05), while the mean cylinder diopter had no statistical difference ( P>0. 05 ) in grade four students. Different refractive type: before and after mydriasis spherical myopia, spherical equivalent difference was 0. 263 ± 0. 618 and 0.216±0.653D, with statistical significance (P<0.01);ln hyperopia group, spherical myopia, spherical equivalent difference was 0. 947±0. 946 and 1. 039±0. 984D, with statistical significance ( P = 0. 000 ). The lenticular difference between the two groups were not statistically different ( P > 0. 05 ). Choosing small pupil computer optometry for ≤- 1. 00D, ≥- 0. 50D child myopia or hyperopia could get more accurate value of diagnostic cutoffs, Youden index was 0. 672 and 0. 580. CONCLUSlON: Microcoria optometry can be as a effective method of screening of children with ametropia, but if for optometry, school-age children must accept mydriasis.

Objective To survey macular pigment optical density of young people in China,as well as the relationship between MPOD and correlative factors,such as refractive diopter,gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,and family history of age-related macular degeneration.Methods 48 community youth volunteers and 56 students of 2007 or 2008,studied at department of preventive medicine,college of health science,Peking University,were enrolled in the study.All participants completed a simple questionnaire,including smoking history,drinking history,family history of macular degeneration,and a unified examination of refraction process.All the subjects used heterochromatic flicker photometry method for measuring macular pigment optical density.Results The mean of MPOD value of 208 eyes was(0.625 ± 0.191).There was no significant difference between male researchers and female researchers,non-dominant eye and dominant eye,subjects without smoking and with smoking,subjects without drinking and with drinking(P> 0.05).The difference of MPOD values between subjects having AMD family history and subjects having no family history was significant.MPOD did not correlated with the diopter value(r=-0.107,P=0.124,P> 0.05).Conclusion MPOD value of young people with family history of macular degeneration decreased.

目的:研究糖尿病对黄斑色素密度(macular pigment optical density,MPOD)的影响,以及MPOD与糖化血红蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白等因素的关系.方法:筛选2008-2009年间就诊于我院眼科的已被确诊的2型糖尿病患者54例,分为两组,2型糖尿痛不伴糖尿病视网膜病变组(NDR)28例,2型糖尿病伴轻度糖尿病视网膜病变组(NPDR)26例,以及非糖尿病健康志愿者组(NC)25倒,所有受试者进行空腹血液检测糖化血红蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白,并采用异色闪烁光度测量法测量黄斑色素密度.结果:全部受试者共158只眼的黄斑色素密度均值为0.513±0.128,分别对NC、NDR、NPDR三组中各个组内主导眼和非主导眼的MPOD值进行比较,均P>0.05;分别对三组中主导眼和非主导眼组间的MPOD值分别比较,P值均<0.05;MPOD值与高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇和甘油三酯无相关性,均P>0.05;MPOD值与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关,r=-0.622,P<0.05.结论:糖尿病患者的MPOD下降,MPOD值与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关.