Zeolitic materials are effective adsorbents for ammonium and phosphate. However, their practical deployment is often constrained by limited availability of natural zeolites and potential risks associated with industrial waste-derived alternatives. In this study, lake sediment was utilized as a geochemically compatible precursor to synthesize zeolite and Al-modified zeolite (AMZ) for ammonium and phosphate removal. Structural and compositional analyses confirmed the transformation of sediment into mixed-phase zeolitic materials with developed porosity, abundant exchangeable Na+ sites and amorphous Al-rich surface phases, leading to enhanced surface area and reactive Al-OH functionalities. The adsorption capacities of NH4+/PO43-increased from sediment (0.28/ 0.39 mg/g) to zeolite (43.03/15.02 mg/g) and AMZ (33.87/27.10 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, with faster uptake of NH4+ than PO43-. Although the optimal pH ranges for NH4+ and PO4 3adsorption differed, simultaneous removal was achieved at pH 7.0-8.0 under environmentally relevant conditions. Competitive adsorption experiments indicated negligible anion interference on phosphate uptake, whereas ammonium removal was dominantly governed by ion exchange and inhibited by coexisting cations. XPS analysis revealed that phosphate immobilization occurred via inner-sphere Al-O-P complexation. Sediment incubation experiments demonstrated sustained reductions of NH4+, PO43-and Fe2+ under both oxic and anoxic conditions. These results indicate that sediment-derived zeolitic materials offer an environmentally compatible strategy for mitigating internal nutrient loading in eutrophic lakes.

Lanthanum-based phosphorus inactivation agents (PIAs) are widely used to mitigate internal phosphorus (P) loading in eutrophic lakes, yet their performance is commonly assessed by sequential extraction of PIA-amended sediments. When reactive PIA particles remain in the sediment matrix, phosphate released during extraction may re-adsorb onto remaining reactive PIA surfaces, leading to overestimation of apparent P immobilization. Here, we synthesized magnetically recoverable magnetite/lanthanum hydroxide beads (MLaB) as a model La-based PIA to isolate and quantify this bias in a controlled anoxic sediment-water system using homogenized sediment. Magnetic recovery allowed sediment fractionation to be performed with and without prior MLaB removal and enabled direct quantification of P accumulated on the recovered MLaB. Compared with separated samples, non-separated fractionation overestimated depletion of releasable sediment P by 8.42% and 13.06% at the low and high dosages, respectively, with the bias mainly expressed in BD-P and NaOH-P. Across all sampling points, P measured on recovered MLaB closely matched system-scale reactive P depletion, clustering near the 1:1 relationship with a mean absolute deviation of 5.23%. La L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy further showed that immobilized P was associated with rhabdophane-like LaPO4·nH2O phases. These results demonstrate that magnetic recovery of a model La-based inactivation agent can identify extraction-induced overestimation and provide a direct, mass-conservative endpoint for assessing P immobilization by the MLaB phase.

The removal of organic dye pollutants from aquatic environments remains a critical global challenge, as these contaminants pose severe risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional adsorbents often suffer from limited adsorption capacity, poor structural stability and recyclability in complex wastewater, hindering practical applications. Herein, we report a novel covalently engineered magnetic nanoadsorbent (Fe3O4@C@PCI-AC) to address these limitations. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that the adsorbent features a core-shell Fe3O4@C nanostructure, where the carbon shell is covalently functionalized with positively charged imidazole groups and alkyl chains via robust amide linkages. The adsorption capacities of the anionic dyes Congo Red and Methyl Orange were determined to be 176.86 mg/g and 52.71 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm data fitted the Langmuir model (R-2 > 0.99), indicating chemisorption- dominated monolayer adsorption driven by synergistic electrostatic attraction, it-it stacking, and hydrogen bonding. The adsorbent exhibited exceptional characteristics, including excellent pH stability over a broad range (pH 3-12), recyclability with 49 % adsorption capacity retention after seven consecutive cycles, and strong antiinterference capability in the presence of coexisting metal ions or high salinity. These characteristics are attributed to covalent functionalization-induced structural stability and multi-mechanistic adsorption interactions. Mixed dyes adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorbent exhibits a preferential adsorption order of CR > MO > RhB, indicates the adsorbent's potential for targeted wastewater treatment. This work highlights Fe3O4@C@PCI-AC as a promising adsorbent for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment, bridging the gap between high adsorption efficiency, facile magnetic separation, and long-term recyclability through rational covalent engineering.

Mining activities have emerged as an important source of heavy metals (HMs) pollution in receiving watersheds, yet the ecological risks of HMs are primarily assessed using index-based methods with metal concentrations, lacking toxicity evaluation from a molecular biological perspective. This study integrated geochemical assessments with toxicogenomics assays to comprehensively evaluate the HMs contamination in a receiving watershed (Wenyu River and Luo River) affected by acid mine drainage (AMD). Results showed that the average concentrations of six HMs (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) in surface water samples exceeded the environmental quality standards in China, and the average concentration of Fe was 28.9 times higher than the regional background values. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu in sediments ranged in 736.7-1654.6, 123.4-789.2, and 27.4-1114.0 mg center dot kg- 1, respectively. Geochemical calculation showed that both surface water and sediments of the receiving watersheds were contaminated with HMs. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis suggested that Co, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb in sediments were likely of anthropogenic origin, whereas Cr, Ni, Mn, and As appeared to derive primarily from natural erosion processes. The highest toxicity level of 1.63 +/- 0.09 as PELItotal was observed at sampling site W7 located downstream of the Wenyu River. Exposure to HMs pollution induced up-regulation of functional genes in yeast cells associated with chemical and oxidative stress pathways. This study provides a scientific basis for health risk assessment and the development of targeted mitigation strategies for HMs pollution in watersheds impacted by AMD.

Orthopedic implants provide structural support, loading-bearing, or motion preservation to ensure surgical success. Zinc (Zn)-based alloys have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation orthopedic implants due to their suitable degradation rate, excellent mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and complete degradability. However, the clinical application of Zn-based alloys is hindered by significant limitations, including mechanical instability, threshold-dependent bioactivity, an inadequate balance between antimicrobial and osteogenic effects, and variability in stress-induced degradation. This comprehensive review summarizes the feasibility of Zn-based alloys for orthopedic implants, focusing on the biocompatibility, biodegradation behavior, mechanical properties, and interactions with the resident cells. The engineering methods to modify properties of Zn-based materials are also discussed, and their translational applications are highlighted, while addressing the remaining challenges for future investigation. Collectively, advancing research in Zn-based alloys would pave the way for innovative orthopedic solutions that enhance patient outcomes.

Free-floating aquatic plants are important invasive alien species whose excessive growth strongly affects freshwater ecosystems and their ecological service functions worldwide. Due to their rapid reproduction rate and the difficulty in their removal using common methods, the management of these aquatic weeds is still challenging. In this study, we proposed a strategy to control giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) in a highly eutrophic pond by blocking the supply of phosphorus by greatly lowering the phosphorus concentration in water using Zeofixer (R), a novel lanthanum-containing P-inactivation agent. We found that the application of Zeofixer (R) satisfactorily eliminated the aquatic weed from the study pond. Zeofixer (R) had a high affinity for phosphate with a maximum adsorption capacity of 21.19 mgP/g, and it reduced the concentration of dissolved inorganic P, which was the major form of P species in the pond, from 1.60 to 0.005 mg/L. Amendment of pond sediment with Zeofixer (R) greatly diminished the P concentration in water under either oxic or anoxic conditions, although the latter caused a great release of P from sediment when compared with the former. After Zeofixer (R) treatment, the releasable P fractions in the sediment were substantially converted to stable P fractions, enabling the inactivation of P and the retardation of future P release. In conclusion, the free-floating aquatic plants in bodies of water could be thoroughly and permanently controlled using P-inactivation agents.

Aqueous pathogenic microorganisms pose a significant risk to public health, but conventional disinfection methods present numerous drawbacks. By employing bactericidal tests, radical quenching experiments, and quantitative toxicogenomic assay, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and associated cellular mech-anism of a novel disinfection process combining recyclable copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles with sulfite. At the optimal CuFe2O4 (800 mg/L) and sulfite (4 mM) concentrations determined, the CuFe2O4/sulfite system inactivated 4.65-log (>99.99 %) of Escherichia coli cells at an initial concentration of 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in 3 h. Meanwhile, the E. coli cells at the initial concentration of 10(4) -10(6) CFU/mL were 100 % inactivated within 1-2 h. Cuprous ions (Cu(I)) rather than sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-) played the dominant role in the inactivation process, by breaking the cell membrane, damaging intracellular components (such as adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and stimulating increased reactive oxygen species production. Correspondingly, the toxicogenomics-based toxicity assessment indicated the induction of oxidative damage to exposed cells as a dominant molecular-level disinfection mechanism of the CuFe2O4/sulfite system. Moreover, the CuFe2O4/sulfite system exhibited comparable inactivation efficiency against three other bacterial species, while gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) were more susceptible to this system than gram-negative ones (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli). The magnetic recyclable CuFe2O4/sulfite system is a promising water disinfection method owing to its efficacy, convenience, and environmental sustainability.

Bioremediation techniques utilizing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment have attracted growing attention in recent years, yet substrate bioavailability for SRB is a key factor influencing treatment effectiveness and long-term stability. This study investigated the effects of external organic substrates, including four complex organic wastes (i.e., sugarcane bagasse, straw compost, shrimp shell (SS), and crab shell (CS)) and a small-molecule organic acid (i.e., propionate), on AMD removal performance and associated mi-crobial communities during the 30-day operation of sulfate-reducing microcosms. The results showed that the pH values increased in all five microcosms, while CS exhibited the highest neutralization ability and a maximum alkalinity generation of 1507 mg/L (as CaCO3). Sulfate reduction was more effective in SS and CS microcosms, with sulfate removal efficiencies of 95.6% and 86.0%, respectively. All sulfate-reducing microcosms could remove heavy metals to different degrees, with the highest removal rate of >99.0% observed for aluminum. The removal efficiency of manganese, the most recalcitrant metal, was the highest (96%) in the CS microcosm. Correspondingly, SRB was more abundant in the CS and SS microcosms as revealed by sequencing analysis, while Desulfotomaculum was the dominant SRB in the CS microcosm, accounting for 10.8% of total effective bacterial sequences. Higher abundances of functional genes involved in fermentation and sulfur cycle were identified in CS and SS microcosms. This study suggests that complex organic wastes such as CS and SS could create and maintain preferable micro-environments for active growth and metabolism of functional microorganisms, thus offering a cost-efficient, stable, and environmental-friendly solution for AMD treatment and management.

This study investigated the removal of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from the soil through phytoremediation using ryegrass combined with chelating agents. Soil leaching experiments were employed to determine the extraction efficiencies of chelating agents, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), sodium glutamate tetra acetate (GLDA), oxalic acid (OA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on Cd and Pb. Soil pot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of five different chelating agents—GLDA, EDTA, DTPA, CA, and OA—on the growth of ryegrass and the enrichment of Cd and Pb. The main findings were as follows: (1) the extraction efficiencies for Cd and Pb in soil were found to be GLDA > EDTA > DTPA > CA > OA and EDTA > DTPA > GLDA > CA > OA, respectively. (2) The aminopolycarboxylic acid class of chelating agents significantly reduced Cd and Pb contents in the weak acid extractable and reducible states in the studied soil, yet were less effective in the extraction of their residue state. Using chelating agents increased the proportion of residual heavy metals while reducing those in the weak acid extractable and reducible states in the soil, thereby mitigating the harmful effects of these heavy metals on the soil ecology.

To investigate the leaching characteristics and potential environmental effects of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) from alum mine tailings in Lujiang, Anhui Province, soaking tests and simulated rainfall leaching experiments were conducted for two types of slag. PTMs comprising Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni were detected in the slag. Cu and Cd contents exceeded the national soil risk screening values (GB 15618-2018). pH values of the two slag soaking solutions were negatively correlated with the solid:liquid ratio. pH values of the sintered slag soaking solutions with different solid:liquid ratios finally stabilized between 4.4 and 4.59, and those of the waste slag soaking solutions finally stabilized between 2.7 and 3.4. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni leached from waste slag were higher than those from sintered slag, and the dissolved concentrations of these PTMs in sintered slag were higher under rainfall leaching conditions than soaking conditions (the difference in Cr concentration was the smallest, 5.6%). The cumulative release of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni increased as the leaching liquid volume increased. The kinetic characteristics of the cumulative release of the five PTMs were best fitted by a double constant equation (R2 > 0.98 for all fits). Single factor index evaluations showed that Mn and Ni were the PTMs with high pollution degrees (Pi for Mn and Ni exceed 1) in the leaching solutions. However, considering the biotoxicity of PTMs, the water quality index evaluations showed that the water quality of the sintered slag soaking solution, the waste slag soaking solution, and the sintered slag leachate was good, poor, and undrinkable, respectively. The health risk assessment showed that the total non-carcinogenic risk (HI) values in adults for both the sintered slag leachate and waste slag soaking solution exceeded the safe level of 1, with HI values of 3.965 and 2.342, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) for Cd was 1.994 for the sintered slag leachate, and Cd and Cr make up 50.29% and 15.93% of the total risk, respectively. Cr makes up 28.38% of the total risk for the waste slag soaking solution. These results indicate a high non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to Cd and Cr in the leaching solution used for drinking purposes. These findings may provide a reference for the evaluation and ecological control of PTM pollution in alum mining areas.

Recovery of phosphorus from sludge will help to alleviate the phosphorus resource crisis. However, the release of phosphorus from sludge is accompanied by the leaching of large amounts of coexisting ions, i.e., Fe, Al, Ca, and organic matter, which decreases the purity of sludge-derived products. In this study, an adsorption-desorption process using magnetic zirconia (MZ) as the adsorbent is proposed to obtain a high purity recovery product. The process involves selective adsorption of phosphate from the hydrothermally treated sludge supernatant (HTSS) using MZ, followed by desorption and precipitation to obtain the final product: struvite. The results indicated that at a dosage of 15 g/L, more than 95% of phosphorus in the HTSS could be adsorbed by MZ. Coexisting ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, etc.) and organic matter (substances similar to fulvic and humic acid) in the HTSS had a limited inhibitory effect on phosphate adsorption. Using a binary desorption agent (0.1 mol/L NaOH + 1 mol/L NaCl), 90% of the adsorbed phosphorus could be desorbed. Though adsorption-desorption treatment, struvite purity of the precipitated product increased from 41.3% to 91.2%. Additionally, MZ showed good reusability, maintaining a >75% capacity after five cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that MZ adsorbed phosphate mainly by inner-sphere complexation. This study provided a feasible approach for the recovery of phosphorus from sludge with high purity.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are key organic pollutants in the environment that pose threats to the ecosystem and human health. The degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs by enriched bacterial consortia has been previously studied, while the involved metabolisms and microbial communities are still unclear and warrant further investigations. In this study, five bacterial consortia capable of utilizing different PAHs (naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene) as the sole carbon and energy sources were enriched from PAH-contaminated soil samples. Among the five consortia, consortium TC exhibited the highest pyrene degradation efficiency (91%) after 19 d of incubation. The degradation efficiency was further enhanced up to 99% by supplementing yeast extract. Besides, consortium TC showed tolerances to high concentrations of pyrene (up to 1000 mg/L) and different heavy metal stresses (including Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+). The dominant genus in consortium TC, GS, and PL showing relatively higher degradation efficiency for anthracene and pyrene was Pseudomonas, whereas consortium PG and GD were predominated by genus Achromobacter and class Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. Consortium TC, as a highly efficient HMW PAH-degrading consortium, could be applied for synergistic biodegradation of HMW PAHs and in situ bioremediation of the sites contaminated with both PAHs and heavy metals.

Bioretention has been considered as an effective management practice for urban stormwater in the removal of pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the accumulation of high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs in bioretention systems and their potential impact on the pollutants removal performance and microbial ecology are still not fully understood. In this study, comparisons of treatment effectiveness, enzyme activity and microbial community in bioretention systems with different types of media amendments were carried out at different spiking levels of pyrene (PYR). The results showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen in the bioretention systems were negatively impacted by the PYR levels. The relative activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were increasingly inhibited by the elevated PYR level, indicating the declining microbial activity regarding organic matter decomposition. The spiking of PYR negatively affected microbial diversity, and distinct time- and influent-dependent changes in microbial communities were observed. The relative abundance of PAH-degrading microorganisms increased in PYR-spiked systems, while the abundance of nitrifiers decreased. The addition of media amendments was beneficial for the enrichment of microorganisms that are more resistant to PYR-related stress, therefore elevating the COD concentration removal rate by ∼50%. This study gives new insight into the multifaceted impacts of HMW PAH accumulation on microbial fingerprinting and enzyme activities, which may provide guidance on better stormwater management practices via bioretention in terms of improved system longevity and performance.

Aiming at comparing the charge separation efficiencies of various heterojunctions, such as p-n junction, metal-semiconductor junction, Z-scheme junction, TiO2-Au, TiO2-BiOI, TiO2-BiOI-Au and TiO2-Au-BiOI were synthesized by using n-type TiO2, p-type BiOI and plasmon metal Au as components for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. The as-prepared "Z-scheme" TiO2-Au-BiOI photocatalyst showed the highest photocatalytic performance for N2 photofixation with 543.53 mu mol L-1h-1 g-1 in the pure water system, which is 1.68 times higher than that of TiO2-BiOI-Au nanocomposite, 1.85 times higher than that of TiO2-BiOI and 6.69 times higher than that of TiO2-Au, revealing superiority of the heterojunctions of TiO2-Au-BiOI in kinetics among these different heterostructured photocatalysts during the photocatalytic N2 reduction process. Moreover, the as-prepared TiO2Au-BiOI exhibited considerable performance under real natural environment, showing a promising potential in future application.

Access accumulation of zinc and lead in sediment would be harmful to human beings. In the present study, Lanthanum Modified Zeolite (LMZ) was developed with fly ash and its binding capabilities toward zinc and lead were investigated. The Langmuir adsorption maximum of LMZ for Zn2+ and Pb2+ were 22.78 and 105.26 mg/g, higher or at least comparable to adsorbents developed in recent studies. Dosing LMZ to polluted sediment could transfer zinc and lead from environmental available forms to refractory form, and higher dosage would enhance the immobilization performance.

The laser point cloud has high density and large amount of data, which will cause the point cloud coarse registration to have a high time cost and unstable registration accuracy. Point cloud fine registration takes the transformation parameters obtained from the coarse registration as the initial value, and usually uses the standard Iterative Closest Point(ICP) algorithm to find the corresponding points and iteratively optimize the transformation parameters. For improving the accuracy and robustness of the laser point cloud registration, this paper proposes to use the 3D Difference-of-Gaussian(DoG) operator to extract the key points with curvature invariance, and then input the key point cloud into 4-Points Congruent Sets(4PCS) algorithm performs coarse registration, and finally uses the standard ICP algorithm to perform fine registration. After using the method in this paper to do registration experiments on three datasets, the effectiveness of the method is verified.

Lanthanum modified zeolite (LMZ) has been proven to be an effective inactivation agent for lake internal phosphorus load control. However, its performance in the co-sequestration of P and heavy metal is still unclear. Thus, simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and zinc by LMZ was investigated in this study, and its co-inactivation performance in sediment was also verified. Separate adsorption capacities of LMZ for phosphate and zinc were 2.31 and 0.367 mmol/g, respectively. In co-adsorption scenario, removal rate of zinc (0.15 mmol/L) increased from 73.53 to 84.60% when co-existing phosphate increased from 0.097 to 0.48 mmol/L (pH 6.5), while zinc had an inapparent impact on phosphate adsorption. Furthermore, an increase of background NaCl concentration in the system inhibited zinc removal by 25%, indicating that part of zinc was physically adsorbed by the zeolite fraction of LMZ. XPS and Raman spectra suggested that phosphate in the simultaneous adsorption system was innerspherically adsorbed by lanthanum oxide component of LMZ, while zinc was adsorbed by forming both outer-sphere complex and inner-sphere complex. Part of zinc could chelate with the adsorbed phosphate, forming phosphate bridged ternary complex and enhancing zinc removal. Finally, a lab-scale inactivation experiment showed that simultaneous stabilization of P and zinc in sediment could be achieved by dosing 5% weight percentage LMZ, making it a promising inactivation agent in the future. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this study, a typical Branch maogou valley in Wangmaogou watershed of loess Plateau was selected asss the research object. Consumer uav was combined with 1 ∶ 500 tilt photo grammetry .The flight control software GS RTK App is used to plan the zigzag course and simulate the effect achieved by multi-lens tilt camera. Meanwhile, tilt and orthographic images are obtained with the help of ground control points. Pix4D, Smart3D and other software were used to construct a high-resolution 3D model of erosion gully, as well as DOM and DEM. According to the detailed evaluation of the obtained results, both the horizontal error and elevation error of the two methods can meet the requirements of the Internal Practice Specification for Low Altitude Digital Aerial Photogrammetry (GH/Z 3003-2010). At the same time, the point cloud data obtained is more dense and uniform than RTK manual measurement, which solves the problem of reduced measurement accuracy in the area inaccessible to people due to the complex and steep terrain in the erosion ditch. On the premise of reasonable application, this method can replace hand-held RTK manual measurement, and its convenience, maneuverability and accuracy make it have the potential of popularization and application in watershed erosion monitoring.

In developing a magnetic material for the recovery of phosphate from water/wastewater, both high magnetization and high uptake ability for phosphate are highly desirable. In our quest to obtain such a magnetic material, hydrous zirconia-coated magnetite nanocomposite (Fe3O4@ZrO2) has been synthesized at different end-point pH values and stirring rates. The results indicated that the saturation magnetization of Fe3O4@ZrO2 increased almost linearly with increasing end-point pH, and high stirring rate caused low magnetization. The magnetization behavior was closely related to the formation of the mineral magnetite, which was hindered at either low end-point pH or fast stirring rate. In contrast to magnetization, phosphate adsorption capacity decreased with increasing end-point pH, whereas the stirring rate had little effect. It is concluded that adopting a relatively low end-point pH and a low stirring rate is a good strategy for obtaining a Fe3O4@ZrO2 material with good magnetic separability and a high affinity for P.

Zirconium modified diatomite was obtained by modifying raw diatomite with zirconium and the mass fraction of zirconia was 12.39％ in the obtained material,which was proved to be amorphous via XRD.SEM images showed that porous floccules covered the surface of diatomite after modification and the specific surface area of the zirconium modified diatomite was 75.22 m2 ·g-1,larger than that of raw diatomite (14.00 m2·g-1).XPS spectra indicated that zirconia and diatomite were bonded together through chemical linkage,rather than physical deposition.The adsorption isotherm of phosphate by zirconium modified diatomite was fitted better to the Langmuir model with a calculated maximum adsorption capacity reaching 10.56 mg·g-1.The adsorption amount of zirconium oxide component in the material was estimated to be 81.67 mg·g-1 ZrO2,which was higher than that of pure zirconium oxides reported in previous studies.The adsorption amount of phosphate by zirconium modified diatomite decreased with the increase of pH.The adsorption was proved to be a ligand exchange process,supported by the XPS spectra of Zr3d region before and after adsorption.Chloride ion,sulfate ion and nitrate ion did not inhibit the adsorption of phosphate on the material,whereas coexistence of bicarbonate ions competed with phosphate ions to a certain extent.When treating eutrophic lake water with a phosphate concentration of 2 mg· L-1,the phosphate concentration level could meet the Ⅲ rank of Surface Water Environment Quality Standard of China by adopting the dosage of zirconium modified diatomite ≥ 1.25 g· L-1.