To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the transformative architectural design concept of the Architecture Machine, consolidated at MIT in 1975, this article presents a systematic bibliometric analysis of AI applications in architectural design research and practice from 1975 to 2025. A reproducible dataset of 384 peer-reviewed journal articles was retrieved on 9 July 2025 from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus to stabilise the evidence base, manage indexing delay in recent records, and support transparent future update cycles for replication and extension. In this article, “Architectural Design” is operationalised as pre-construction, building-scale decision-making, encompassing concept formation, early spatial configuration, and early performance, rule, or constraint checks in early design development. The RIBA Plan of Work (PoW) 2020 is adopted as a UK-derived analytical reference for delimiting pre-construction design activities within a UK context. Stage relevance is established through task-based screening and interpretive judgement rather than through the general definition of RIBA stage labels. Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace, the study generates keyword co-occurrence networks, international collaboration patterns, and keyword burst detection. Results from this study indicate a developing attention to AI-enabled workflows for design-space exploration and early evaluation, alongside persistent barriers in data management, interoperability, and interpretable decision support.

In the field of Large Language Models (LLMs), Attention Residuals have recently demonstrated that learned, selective aggregation over all preceding layer outputs can outperform fixed residual connections. We propose Cross-Stage Attention Residuals (XAttnRes), a mechanism that maintains a global feature history pool accumulating both encoder and decoder stage outputs. Through lightweight pseudo-query attention, each stage selectively aggregates from all preceding representations. To bridge the gap between the same-dimensional Transformer layers in LLMs and the multi-scale encoder-decoder stages in segmentation networks, XAttnRes introduces spatial alignment and channel projection steps that handle cross-resolution features with negligible overhead. When added to existing segmentation networks, XAttnRes consistently improves performance across four datasets and three imaging modalities. We further observe that XAttnRes alone, even without skip connections, achieves performance on par with the baseline, suggesting that learned aggregation can recover the inter-stage information flow traditionally provided by predetermined connections.

EDITORIAL article Front. Built Environ., 31 January 2022Sec. Construction Management Volume 7 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.764358

Facilities management along with health care are two important aspects in controlling the spread of infectious diseases with regard to controlling the outbreak of global COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, with the increasing outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of examining the relationship between the built environment and the outbreak of infectious diseases has become more significant. The aim of the research described in this article is to develop effective infection control and mitigation measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 pandemic in the built environment. This study seeks to answer the question of how the facilities management industry can help reduce the transmission of coronavirus. For this purpose, an online survey questionnaire was distributed internationally from 8 April to 25 July, 2020 to collect data from various key stakeholders. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Various methods for the prevention and control of infectious diseases transmission are evaluated through this questionnaire-based survey with regard to their effectiveness for the healthy and safe built environment. These methods were categorized into three groups, including training protocols, operation and maintenance, and design and construction. The results show that all suggested methods have a positive effect on all types of buildings. These methods have an equal effect on low-risk buildings, while for high and very high-risk buildings, training protocols and design and construction measures have the greatest impact. In addition, training protocols and the measures in operation and maintenance will have the greatest effect on medium-risk buildings. The results can help in more rational decision making in relation to controlling the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in all types of buildings.

One of the newest advancements in manufacturing and project management is Building Information Modeling (BIM) which uses creative processes for production, analysis, and management of building information. On the other hand, the output of the Geographic Information System (GIS) model includes one or more actual locations, which satisfy all needs. It provides points related to the BIM tool and it creates a 3D model for visualizing the optimum location. Integration of GIS and BIM can bring about several advantages including optimum locating. The aim of the current study is to propose a useful model for locating warehouses in large manufacturing factories using a BIM-GIS integrated model. To this end, BIM was used for simulation and locating of product warehouses in the casting unit of Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company (EMSC) in Iran. In order to meet these aims, several locations were selected in the EMSC compound, and decision making regarding three superior alternatives which were carried out by creating a 3D model of the warehouse and fitting of the model in three suggested locations. Using the extant literature, interviews with experts and managers, and survey questionnaires, essential criteria affecting the optimum locating of industrial warehouses were extracted based on the Building information modeling data. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used for data analysis. The results indicated that among various criteria, economic-social and crisis management criteria had the highest weights. These results were then used for selecting the optimum locating for the construction of warehouses.

Purposes: This article presents a recent research into megaproject sustainability with a particular focus on identifying a structure of its body of knowledge so as to establish the methodology of megaproject assessment on sustainability (MAS), which consists of a research roadmap toward megaproject sustainability and a system reliability analysis. In response to the research topic on “Reviews for Advanced Construction Management” at Frontiers in Built Environment, this article aims to make a contribution with the description about a generic approach to conducting literature review based on a whole range of relevant evidence in a systemic way. Methodology: The research described in this article is underpinned by the use of several methods. The nine-square process (NSP) of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is the method for facilitating a systemic evidence-based learning (EBL) process to identify further research into MAS. A normal process to establish research roadmap was then introduced to summarize what has been identified as specific research tasks alongside lifecycle processes on megaproject delivery, to which RIBA Plan of Work 2020 was adopted as the prototype. An event tree analysis (ETA) was eventually introduced by incorporating the novel measurements on system reliability to support quantitative MAS in terms of both practices and research. Findings: This article presents several findings from the described research, and these include that the use of NSP led to the formation of a systematic procedure for literature review, a procedure to support MAS, a research roadmap to facilitate efforts to be made for megaproject sustainability, and the feasibility of system reliability analysis to measure the status of sustainability underpinned by research and practices throughout megaproject lifecycle. Implications: The described research provides four modules to foster further research into megaproject sustainability, and these include a TRIZ-based module to facilitate systemic literature review for EBL, a lifecycle process module for MAS, a prototype research roadmap to guide research and development for megaproject sustainability, and an ETA module to support a system reliability analysis in the dynamic process of research and practices toward megaproject sustainability. Value: The research described in this article has made an initial effort to conduct a strategic review, development, analysis, and discussion about tactics for research and development toward megaproject sustainability. Research findings can be used for related research and practices with regard to technical guidance and best practices in megaproject delivery.

During the last decade there has been a rapid transition to digitisation in the construction sector across interconnected project stages, including design, construction, and operation. The research described in this paper aims to establish pathways to develop an excellent architectural education in Libya, in regard to relevant concerns on restructuring the curriculum to bridge the gap between educational output and professional requirements. An extensive literature review is adopted at the initial stage of the described research in order to establish a comprehensive understanding of architectural education in Libya. The findings from a preliminary literature review indicate that the absence of appropriate plans and obsolete curricula are critical issues in the current provision and further development of architectural education in Libya, and it is important for the continuous improvement of a nationwide architectural education curriculum that can strongly support students to develop relevant knowledge and skills to be prepared for their professional careers in helping to rebuild the country. In addition, it is crucial to establish a comprehensive architectural education programme at undergraduate level by adopting advanced digital technologies and enhancing collaborative learning for students to develop their competence with the appropriate body of knowledge and skills, which are important for their future careers and to increase architects' contribution to the development of economy, society, and the culture in Libya. It is expected that the described research can make a good contribution for professional practice enhancement in undergraduate architectural education in Libya, and to inform academics around the world with regard to the latest research and development for the best architectural education practice in Libya.

The future of mega infrastructure projects is certain - there will be more risks to manage! The challenge is being met through research and innovation combining current approaches with new. This research adopted a dynamic approach through the combination of Analytical Network Process (ANP) and system dynamics (SD) as an innovative methodology known as SDANP to model complexity in megaprojects design and construction. Wecommunicate how the SDANP model could explore problems caused by Social, Technical, Economic,Environmental and Political (STEEP) risks to construction cost, time and performance and provide insights thatlead to organizational learning. We proceed to exemplify by means of a real-life case project in the City ofEdinburgh and offer suggestions on what front-ended stakeholders could do to improve the management of risks in megaprojects. The results of the application showed that, when compared to traditional risks assessment methods, this SD model with integrated ANP revealed improvements in managing risks according to STEEP risks criteria. The new framework appears to be a superior solution for solving the dynamic complexities of risks during megaproject design and construction. The findings of the study contribute to the project management theoretical development within the field of megaproject management. Keywords: Analytical Network Process, megaprojects, risk complexity, system dynamics

PurposeThis article presents a recent research and development experiment on benefits analysis for adopting building information modeling/management (BIM) systems in megaproject delivery across work stages with regard to the needs of project stakeholders. It focuses on a new approach to benefits prioritization to support decision making against major challenges in megaproject delivery.MethodologyThe study was underpinned by an extensive literature review on relevant research and practices across the world, and a questionnaire-based survey on the benefits from adopting BIM in megaproject delivery in Australia. In addition, this study yields new tools for value analysis with regard to the adoption of BIM systems in megaproject delivery, and this include a new calculation method for benefits prioritization, and a new value compass tool to support decisions making on BIM adoption.FindingsThrough the extensive literature review that covers multidisciplinary areas relating to the use of BIM, a set of generic hypotheses was formulated on the comparative level of technical value that various stakeholder groups are expected to achieve from adopting BIM systems in megaproject delivery. These hypotheses were tested by using the questionnaire-based survey. A new benefits prioritization approach was developed to identify the key benefits of BIM systems in megaproject delivery. In addition, a compass tool was also developed to visualize the status of value achievement across project stakeholders in dealing with major challenges in megaproject delivery.Implications for Research and PracticesBy using data collected from the Australian megaproject sector in addition to academic review in Australia, China, and United Kingdom, this experimental study revealed current professional perceptions on the benefits of adopting BIM systems in megaproject delivery in comparison with data and information reported by professionals concerning the adoption of BIM systems from both generic and specific point of view across multiple megaproject stakeholders.ValueThis article provides useful information for both academic research and practical services in the context of quantitative Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) on the adoption of BIM systems in megaproject delivery when major challenges on professional competence, budget, schedule and sustainability need to be seriously dealt with. Findings from this experimental study can inform value engineering practice at both strategic and tactic level with regard to adopting BIM systems in megaproject delivery.

Purpose - As construction of commercial and recreational complex building projects (CRCBPs) is one of the most important issues in many developing countries and requires a very high cost of implementation, it is important to identify and prioritize the risks of such projects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and rank the risks of CRCBPs by studying the case of the "Hamedanian Memorial," a CRCBP in Iran. Design/methodology/approach - To pursue this aim, a descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population of the study consists of 30 experienced experts (consultants, contractors and employers) of the "Hamedanian Memorial" project selected according to the Cochran formula and minimum population census. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, administered in all stages of risk identification and evaluation, and was devised by using library and field methods based on the literature and research background, as well as interviewing experts in the risk identification and evaluation stages. Kendall's coefficient of agreement was used to validate the experts' opinions in the risk identification stage. The ranking in qualitative evaluation was done based on the risk intensity and the cumulative risk index. Findings - The results show that the risks are associated with exchange rate fluctuation, inflation fluctuation, access to skilled workers. contractors claims and foreign threats from international relations. Originality/value - The results and findings of the present study can be of interest to the executives of large commercial, leisure, public and private projects in developing and developed countries; understanding risks can significantly improve the decision-making process of CRCBPs.

This paper describes a dynamic systems approach to quantitative risk assessment and simulation in megaprojects with regard to social, technical, economic, environmental and political issues relating to sustainability at the construction stage. A literature review was conducted to justify the need for such a dynamic systems approach that originally integrates the functions of two sophisticated quantitative methods – namely, the analytic network process and system dynamics – for an advanced solution to tackle the problems of overruns on budget and schedule at the construction stage in megaproject delivery. The new dynamic systems approach, called SDANP, is described in detail with a theoretical framework and its technical procedure for application. This paper finally provides an experimental case study on the Edinburgh Tram Network project in Scotland to demonstrate the usefulness of the SDANP method, and it also discusses its implementation to support risk management in megaproject delivery towards sustainability.