目的:研究添加转谷氨酰胺酶(Transglutaminase,TG)对鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白乳化活性和凝胶特性的影响,为改善鱼糜制品的品质特性提供理论依据.方法:肌原纤维蛋白溶液浓度为40 mg/mL,TG添加量为蛋白溶液的0％、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％ (W/V),测定蛋白溶液的乳化活性及凝胶特性指标.结果:随着TG添加量的增加肌原纤维蛋白溶液乳化活性降低(p＜0.05);TG添加增大了蛋白浊度(p＜0.05);蛋白流变结果表明,随着TG添加量的增加显著增大储能模量(G')(p＜0.05),降低起始凝胶温度,并提高蛋白变性温度;与对照相比,添加0.1％的TG会降低凝胶持水性,但是进一步增加TG对凝胶持水性影响不显著(p＞0.05);添加TG显著降低了凝胶白度(p＜0.05);凝胶质构测定结果显示,随着TG添加量的增加,会改进蛋白质的凝胶特性,显著增加凝胶弹性和硬度(p＜0.05).结论:肌原纤维蛋白中添加TG到能够降低蛋白的乳化特性,但会改进肌原纤维蛋白的凝胶特性.

以鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein isolate,MPI)为研究对象,研究经过预热处理的大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)对MPI凝胶和流变学特性的影响.SPI在90℃热处理0(天然SPI)、30 min和180 min,分别与MPI以不同的比例(0:1、1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4)混合,所有溶液总蛋白质量浓度均为40 mg/mL.结果表明,经过预热处理的SPI与MPI混合后其凝胶硬度、弹性、白度和持水性显著高于天然SPI与MPI混合所形成的蛋白凝胶(P<0.05),且预热处理时间越长的大豆蛋白(180 min)与短时间处理(30 min)相比增加得更为明显(P<0.05).此外,随着SPI-MPI复配1:1～1:4,混合蛋白凝胶硬度、弹性、白度和持水性显著增大(P<0.05).流变学研究表明,SPI添加到MPI溶液中能增加蛋白变性温度,而经过预热处理SPI能够显著地提高储能模量(G').热稳定性结果表明,MPI中添加天然SPI能够显著降低Tmax3(P<0.05)而对Tmax1和Tmax2无影响(P>0.05);当SPI经过热处理后添加到MPI中能够显著降低Tmax1(P<0.05)而提高Tmax3(P<0.05).总之,与未经预热处理的SPI相比,经过预热处理后的SPI添加到MPI中能够改善蛋白凝胶特性和流变学特性.

以美国半矮杆大豆品种Charleston为母本(♀),中国品系东农594为父本(♂)杂交,衍生的F2:12～F2:14含147个重组自交系,2007～2009年分别在3个环境下种植,测定收获大豆种子油分含量.采用Shukla法计算油分含量的遗传稳定性,将稳定性结果利用复合区间模型和混合线性模型的复合区间作图法进行QTL分析.4个大豆油分稳定性QTL (sqOIL7-1,sqOIL8-1,sqOIL15-1和sqOIL12-1)通过复合区间作图法检测到,他们分别位于连锁群Dla、Dlb、J和G上,贡献率分别为5.33％、14.61％、5.83％和5.37％.混合区间作图法检测到4对上位性QTL,贡献率分别为5.65％、11.42％、15.19％和18.32％.研究结果对大豆油分含量重要基因的挖掘及油分相关性状的分子辅助育种提供了重要理论依据.

定位大豆单株粒重QTL、分析QTL间的上位效应及QTL与环境互作效应,有利于大豆单株粒重遗传机制的深入研究.利用147个F2:14～F2:18 RIL群体,在5年2点多环境下以CIM和MIM方法同时定位大豆单株粒重QTL,检测到17个控制单株粒重的QTL,分别位于D1a、B1、B2、C2、F、G和A1连锁群上,贡献率为6.0％～47.9％；用2种方法同时检测到3个QTL,即qSWPP-DIa-3、qSWPP-F-1和qSWPP-D1a-5,贡献率为6.3％～38.3％；2年以上同时检测到4个QTL,即qSWPP-DIa-1、qSWPP-DIa-2、qSWPP-B1-1和qSWPP-G-1,贡献率为8.1％～47.9％;利用QTLMapper分析QE互作效应和QTL间上位效应,7种环境下的数据联合分析得到1个QE互作QTL和4对上位效应QTL,贡献率和加性效应都较小.在分子标记辅助育种中应该同时考虑主效QTL及各微效QTL之间的互作.

A primary soybean mutant library was constructed by treating the seeds of cultivar 'SuiNong 14' with EMS.In M2generation,120 mutants with phenotypes of stems,leaves,flowers,and seeds were obtained,including 38 plant height mutants.All mutants were identified by 100 SSR markers.The results showed that among 120 mutants,there were 5 mutants with more than 9 polymorphic markers and 10 mutants with less than 3 markers.In addition,for the 38 height mutants were identified by 46 SSR markers related to soybean plant height trait.Only mutant E790 showed difference from wild type 'SuiNong14' on Sat_168 marker.These mutants could be used as new breeding resource and will be helpful for the further research on soybean functional genomics.

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on the brining of sauced beef were studied in this paper.First,big piece of beef samples were immersed in brine,treated respectively for 0,40,80,120,160,200min with ultrasonic wave(power of 500W,frequency of 25kHz),setting control group to every ultrasonic groups.The advantages and disadvantages are compared by measuring the content of NaCl,the penetration depth of Na2NO3,shearing force,cooking loss,scanning electron microscope and sensory evaluation.Results showed that ultrasonic treatment could improve quality of sauced beef well,when the time of ultrasonic treatment achieve to 160min,the sauced beef can reach the balance of brining in advance;the tenderness of sauced beef is also higher for ultrasonic group;the result of TEM demonstrated that the ultrasonic wave can destroy muscle tissue obviously,which promote the brining of sauced beef.The score of total acceptability of ultrasonic group's sensory evaluation is higher too.So ultrasonic treatment can make the brining of sauced beef be simple,at the same time,improve the qulity of products.

【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the epistatic effects and QE interaction effects of QTLs for two-seed pod length and two-seed pod width.【Method】In order to find out these results,a F2:14-F2:18 RIL population containing 147 lines derived from a cross between Charleston as female parent and Dongnong594 as male parent were used in this experiment.A genetic linkage map was constructed with 164 SSR primers screened in two parents and amplified in 147 lines population.QTLs and epistatic effects and QE Interaction effects of QTLs were located on one site in five years with a mixed linear model(QTLmapper1.6).QTLs for these were detected in a five-year experiment with the recombination inbred lines(RIL) population derived from a cross between Charleston and Dongnong 594.【Result】Eight two-seed pod length QTLs and six two-seed pod width with additive effects were detected,the additive effects contribution rate were 27.2% and 16.27%,respectively,the general contribution of interaction between QTLs and environment were 10.19% and 12.18%.Nine pairs of two-seed pod length QTLs with epistatic effects were found in the RIL,accounting for 9.02% of the general phenotypic variation,and eight pairs of two-seed pod width QTLs accounting for 8.81% of the general phenotypic variation.【Conclusion】The results indicated that the epistatic effects and the environmental factor played an important role in the inheritance of two seed-pod length and width in soybean.Therefore,both major and minor QTLs should be considered in the improvement in soybean breeding.

[Objective] This study is to map QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits of soybean, aiming at providing basis for breeding lodging-resistant varieties. [Method] To map the QTLs for lodging-related morphological traits, an F216-F218 RIL population containing 147 lines derived from a cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used as experimental materials in this study. Totally 164 SSR primers screened out from amplification on two parents, were employed to amplify the F216-F218 RIL population for constructing a genetic linkage map. The QTLs for nodes on main stem, stem thickness and stem weight of the F216-F218 RIL soybean population were investigated in two eco-environments for three years. [Result] Sixteen QTLs for nodes on main stem were detected in A1, B1, C2, Dla, D2, F, G, H and N linkage groups, respectively; Ten QTLs for stem thickness in A1, B1, C2, Dla, E and G linkage groups, respectively; Fifteen QTLs for stem weight in A1, A2, C2, Dla, Dlb and G linkage groups, respectively. Of these QTLs, five for nodes on main stem, one for stem thickness and six for stem weight could be detected by both CIM and MIM, accounting for 8.6%-27.0%, 9.0%- 11.0%, and 6.0%-39.0% of the general phenotypic variation, respectively. From ex- perimental data of two years, Three QTLs for nodes on main stem and two for stem weight could be detected, accounting for 8.0%-60.2% and 10.0%-23.0% of the general phenotypic variation, respectively; while no QTL for stem thickness was re- peatedly detected during more than two years. [Conclusion] Comparison of the QTLs mapped for nodes on main stem, stem thickness and stem weight indicates that these three morphological traits are closely related with lodging-resistance of soybean.

Frozen storage is a widely used method for the preservation of surimi products.However,protein denaturation may occur during frozen storage.Protein conformation change can result in changes in its physico-chemical and gel properties such as a reduction of salt-soluble protein content,Ca2+-ATPase activity,sulfhydryl group content,breaking force,deformation capability and water-holding capacity as well as an increase of hydrophobicity and disulfide bond content of surimi gels.The addition of cryoprotectants can mitigate protein frozen denaturation.Here,we review recent research progress in the mechanisms of protein denaturation during frozen storage and the effects of several cryoprotectants on physico-chemical and gel properties of frozen surimi.

【Objective】The objective of this study is to locate consensus QTLs of two-seed pod length and width for breeding new varieties with high two-seed pod storage capacity and increase yield of soybean.【Method】In order to find out the steady and repeatable QTLs of these traits,a F2:14-F2:18 RIL population containing 147 lines derived from a cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong594 as male parent were used in this experiment.A genetic linkage map was constructed with 164 SSR primers screened in two parents and amplified in 147 lines population.Two-seed pod length and width showing polymorphic in parents were investigated and QTLs were analyzed in one site in the early two years and two sites in the late three years.【Result】Nineteen QTLs for the two-seed pod length and width were analyzed with software Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0 by CIM and MIM under different environments,pod length were mapped in the linkage groups A1,B2,C2,D1a,D1b,N and G,17 QTLs for two-seed pod width were mapped in the linkage groups A1,C2,D1a,D1b,N and H.In these QTLs,7 QTLs for two-seed pod length with linkage primers including Satt200—qTSPL-a1-1—Satt042,Sat_214—qTSPL-d1a-1—Sat_112,Satt198—qTSPL-d1a-3—Satt502,Satt370— qTSPL-d1a-6—Satt402,Sat_092—qTSPL-c2-4—Satt289,Satt277—qTSPL-c2-5—Sct_188 and Satt168—qTSPL-b2-1—Sat_083 could be detected together by CIM and MIM,1 QTL for two-seed pod width including Satt528—qTSPW-d1a-2—Satt182 could be detected together by two methods.Eight two-seed pod length QTLs including Satt200—qTSPL-a1-1—Satt042,Sat_119— qTSPL-a1-2—Sat_105,Sat_214—qTSPL-d1a-1—Sat_112,Satt220—qTSPL-d1a-4—Sat_162,Satt370—qTSPL-d1a-6—Satt402,Satt168—qTSPL-b2-1—Sat_083,Sat_092—qTSPL-c2-4—Satt289 and Satt277—qTSPL-c2-5—Sct_188 could be detected in more than two years,4 two-seed pod width QTLs including Satt076—qTSPW-c2-1—Satt072,Satt335—qTSPW-c2-2—Sat_120,Satt200— qTSPW-a1-1—Satt042 and Satt182—qTSPW-d1a-3—Satt584 could be detected in more than two years.【Conclusion】Mapping two-seed pod length and width QTL provide valuable information for soybean molecular marker assistant breeding selection.