Among non-pharmacological treatments, induced electric field (iEF) therapy is the only bioelectric approach that is truly contact-free and non-invasive. In iEF treatment, the permeability of magnetic fields varying in time is exploited to induce electric fields inside cells and tissues without the need for electrodes or adhesive contact with the skin. Induced electric fields are a non-ionizing form of electromagnetic radiation demonstrated to have strong anti-metastasis and anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), including significant host immune response in a pre-clinical animal model. Moreover, combination treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells with standard of care chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, capecitabine) plus iEF in vitro, significantly improve their anti-viability and anti-proliferation activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations or IC50 values decreased by ∼50% for both paclitaxel+iEF and capecitabine+iEF treatments). EMBioSys has developed technology translating iEF therapy into clinical treatment and delivered in the form of wearable, washable garments such as camisoles. Special conducting threads integrated into the camisole enable a current to be driven through the insulated threads at voltages less than 10 Volts. The time-varying current generates a temporally varying magnetic induction within the space enclosed by the camisole and generates iEFs by Faraday’s law. We measured the magnetic inductions, compared with their calculated values, and determined iEF distributions within the space enclosed by the garment. We find that iEF intensities found to have anti-metastasis and anti-tumor effects in animal models of TNBC can be easily attained at human anatomical scales and delivered in a practical manner for use by patients. Our work lays the foundation for first in human studies by extending a treatment developed in the laboratory into a wearable and washable treatment device for cancer patients. Joseph West, Christopher Barron, Vish Subramaniam. A practical method of delivering induced electric field (iEF) therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 1302.
Context hydrazine compounds based on 1,3,5-triazine were synthesised and their molecular structures were characterised by elemental analysis, Electronic, IR and 1H NMR spectra. The spectral behaviour of the newly prepared compounds in organic solvents of different polarities was extensively studied and correlated to the molecular structure. In this study, 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives (L1, L6, L7, L8) have been subjected to theoretical studies using the Semi-empirical PM3 quantum chemical method. The physical-chemical properties of some Hydrazone derivatives are determined theoretically. The molecular geometry, the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) - Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy gap, molecular hardness (η), ionisation energy (IE), Electron affinity and total energy were analysed, and applications as biological effects were done.
What happens if selective colleges change their admission policies? We study this question by analyzing the world's first implementation of nationally centralized meritocratic admissions in the early twentieth century. We find a persistent meritocracy-equity tradeoff. Compared to the decentralized system, the centralized system admitted more high-achievers and produced more occupational elites (such as top income earners) decades later in the labor market. This gain came at a distributional cost, however. Meritocratic centralization also increased the number of urban-born elites relative to rural-born ones, undermining equal access to higher education and career advancement.
