Annai College of Arts and Science

The new organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal, nitrobenzimidazolium phthalate monohydrate (NBITPH), was grown using the slow evaporation solution approach. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) having the monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric P21/c space group and it is found that the structure is stabilised by strong N–H…O hydrogen bond network. The solution-grown NBITPH crystal was characterised using FT-IR, Raman, UV–Visible spectra, and TG/DTA. NBITPH crystal shows good optical transparency in the visible region. The presence of water molecule and thermal stability were confirmed by thermal analyses. The Z-scan technique was utilized to ascertain the third-order NLO characteristics of the grown crystal. Furthermore, systematic theoretical DFT calculations at B3LYP level including the geometry optimization, hyperpolarizability, and HOMO–LUMO analyses were carried out to investigating the structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of the NBITPH single crystal.

BACKGROUND:Cancer is caused by a combination of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Current cancer therapies are limited due to the complexity of their mechanism, underlining the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, combining the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to speed up the identification, validation, and targeting of high-value targets.MAIN TEXT:Personalized or precision medicine combines genetic information with phenotypic and environmental characteristics to produce healthcare tailored to the individual and eliminates the constraints of "one-size-fits-all" therapy. Precision medicine is now possible thanks to cancer genome sequencing. Having advantages over limited sample requirements and the recent development of biomarkers have made the use of NGS a major leap in personalized medicine. Tumor and cell-free DNA profiling using NGS, proteome and RNA analyses, and a better understanding of immunological systems, are all helping to improve cancer treatment choices. Finally, direct targeting of tumor genes in cancer cells with CRISPR/Cas9 may be achievable, allowing for eliminating genetic changes that lead to tumor growth and metastatic capability.CONCLUSION:With NGS and CRISPR/Cas9, the goal is no longer to match the treatment for the diagnosed tumor but rather to build a treatment method that fits the tumor exactly. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the potential role of CRISPR/Cas9 and NGS in advancing personalized medicine.

Recent breakthroughs in the field of nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery methods have changed the standpoint of cancer therapy by effectively delaying the process of disease development. Nanoparticles have a unique capacity of good penetrating ability than other therapeutic leads used in traditional therapeutics, and also, they have the highest impact on disease management. In the current study isolongifolene-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles have been formulated, synthesized and then characterized by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Further, the characterized chitosan nano formulation was evaluated for hemocompatibility, plasma stability, and in-vitro release. Isolongifolene-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were found to be compatible with plasma and also, they exhibited a constant release pattern. Hence, chitosan-loaded nanoparticles could be employed as an excellent adjuvant in cancer therapeutic, to combat the multi-drug resistance in solid tumors.

The current work studies the modification of thermal conductivity (TC) and thermal stability (TS) of the technical class paraffin-based phase changing substance (P-PCM) after introducing varying mass fraction of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nano-MgO) within their matrix for augmenting thermal storage capabilities. The nano-modified paraffin PCM (NMP-PCM) paraffin has been created using four distinct fractions of nano-MgO namely, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%, respectively. The crystallite size of the commercially procured nano-MgO had been confirmed using a Mastersizer 3000 particle size analyzer. Thermal stability NMP-PCM samples had been evaluated with the deployment of TGA801 thermogravimetric analyzer from Leco. And the most importantly, the TC of the NMP-PCM samples had been assessed using TEMPOS thermal analyzing instrument. The study demonstrated that the homogeneous distribution of the nano-MgO particles within the NMP-PCM considerably increased the thermal conducting capacity as well as thermal stability of P-PCM. Furthermore, the enhancement in TC seems to be unpredictive with regard to the rise in proportion of nano-MgO particles. The PCM with up to 0.75 % of nano-MgO particles discovered to demonstrate the great enhancement in TC as well as TS compared with 1.0% of nano-MgO in the P-PCM matrix. Afterwards, the augmentation in TC was not significant. The blending of 1.0 % of nano-MgO in P-PCM upsurged the thermal conductivity by 55.5%, which was the maximum enhancement reported during the investigation.

Marine wastes pose a great threat to the ecosystem leading to severe environmental hazards and health issues particularly the shellfish wastes. The shellfish waste which contains half of the amount of chitin can be efficiently transformed into useful products. Various approaches for the hydrolysis of chitin like physical, chemical, and enzymatic processes are there. Still, the use of enzyme chitinase is well documented as an effective and eco-friendly method. The present study summarizes the isolation of chitinase enzyme producing bacteria from different shrimp waste disposal sites in Parangipettai (India), and the possible use of an enzyme hydrolyzate as an immunostimulant to Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) . The potential chitinase-producing bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. After purification, the chitinase specific activity was 5.01 (U/ml) and the protein content was 72 mg and the recovery rate was 48.06%. The optimum pH and temperature for the chitinolytic activity were 6.5 and at 35–50 °C, respectively. The animal experiment trial was done with our feed supplements which included 0.0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 2% of chitin degraded product. All the supplementary feed had an optimal 42% (w/w) of crude protein. The feed protein level was 41–43% on average and gross energy was 13–17 kcal/g and the feed was observed to exhibit a significantly higher (p < 0.05) survival rate, condition factor, specific growth rates, and body weight gain was also found to be promising compared to other fishes fed with control diet only. The red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were found to increase significantly after being challenged with infection in animals fed with chitin derivatives from 1st week to 3rd week when compared to the control. The hematocrit (Hct) values were low on the 2nd and 3rd week in infected fish fed with chitin derivatives. This low level was due to infection lyses of the red blood cells and increased nitro blue tetrazolium reduction. The control diet-fed fish showed 70% mortality but the chitin derivative supplemented fishes showed only 20% mortality post-infection. The results of the study encompass that the use of chitin-derivate enriched feed further is taken into large-scale approaches thereby benefitting the aquaculture sector.