澳大利亚再生医学研究所

This paper focuses on the continuities and transformations of middle-class identities, through examining Asian international graduates on temporary visas. Studies on this group have provided important insights into how middle-class youth negotiate insecurity and instability after graduation in host countries. Few, however, have considered the role of class in sustaining and shaping international graduates' experiences as well as their migration trajectories. This paper aims to address the ongoing calls of scholars studying temporary middle-class migrants to investigate how their privilege is unstable and relational, and just like other migrants; their everyday lives are shaped by identity markers such as class. The paper is divided into two parts. Part 1 focuses on the continuities of global middle-classness. It highlights similarities between the Asian middle-class and the global (often western) middle-classes through discussing how (a) their middle-class parents' socio-economic stability enables them to embrace instability; (b) despite their privilege, however, not meeting the aspirations of stable employment can have repercussions; and (c) their embrace of instability is temporary as their future migration trajectory may include returning to their home country to reclaim their class privileges. Part 2 of the paper focuses on middle-class transformations. Through examining the boundary work that Asian international graduates do, it de-universalises middle-classness. Finally, the paper suggests Asian middle-class migrants offer a productive space for further understanding middle-classness, its diverse meanings and manifestations.

We examine how social information about competition choices influences individuals' willingness to compete. Participants perform a real-effort task under both piece-rate and tournament incentives, and subsequently make competition choices in two rounds. Between rounds, we exogenously vary the information provided about others' choices across three treatments. We find that social information about the proportion of participants who chose to compete in the first round significantly affects the willingness to compete in the second round. This effect is not driven by the salience of the incentive schemes. Observing a lower rate of competition among peers increases an individual's propensity to enter the tournament. This evidence is consistent with predictions from a rational model of Bayesian learning, in which individuals strategically choose to compete based on their treatment-induced belief about the average ability of other participants.

The development of greener and more efficient synthetic methodologies is a central goal in modern organic and main-group chemistry, particularly in the context of reducing solvent use, energy consumption and environmental impact. Mechanochemistry is introduced here as an efficient, cost-effective, solvent- and catalyst-free, and scalable synthetic tool for the chemoselective formation of P-C bonds with a markedly reduced environmental footprint. Using an atom-economical ball-milled protocol, the addition of a broad range of phosphine oxides [R2P(= O)H] to aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes cleanly affords the corresponding alpha-hydroxyphosphine oxides in excellent yields and with high functional-group tolerance, all performed at room temperature and under air/moisture without the need for an inert atmosphere. In addition, we have developed an unprecedented mechanochemical one-pot tandem protocol that enables the chemoselective synthesis of alpha-hydroxyphosphine oxides directly from primary alcohols, further expanding the efficiency and synthetic versatility of this solvent-free approach. These results highlight the potential of mechanochemistry to streamline main-group synthetic transformations and pave the way for future solvent-free strategies in sustainable phosphorus chemistry.

In this essay, we argue that lack of attention to circadian health is undermining learning and well-being in business schools. We draw on research in chronobiology to explain how the normalization of sleep deprivation and misaligned circadian rhythms negatively affect not only students' health and well-being but also their learning capacity and work performance. In our call to action, we urge business schools to challenge the institutionalization of poor circadian health as an acceptable aspect of management education and management careers. To this end, we discuss how educating students about circadian principles of management and leadership can help them improve their own well-being and productivity and better lead others through knowledge of how biological rhythms interact with workplace practices. We also critically analyze how current approaches to teaching and learning in business schools can be better aligned with students' circadian predispositions and natural rhythms of learning, working, and living. In doing so, we make a contribution by demonstrating how a circadian perspective can help business schools cultivate healthier and more productive cultures within their institutions and empower students to foster similar environments in their future industries and professions.

Introduction The evolving role of paramedics now encompasses the ability to prescribe medication. The development and further implementation of this capability should be informed by existing experiences of paramedics capable of medication prescribing and relevant literature. Aims This scoping review aims to explore paramedic experiences and perceptions of medication prescribing, identifying challenges and facilitators to inform future policy and practice. Methods A scoping review methodology was employed, adhering to the JBI's framework. A search of six electronic databases, and grey literature sources was conducted. Inclusion criteria focused on studies exploring paramedic prescribing experiences, perceptions, and impacts on the healthcare system. Data extraction and descriptive content analysis was performed. Results The database search yielded 193 non-duplicate articles, with 36 meeting the inclusion criteria. Grey literature searches found four additional documents. Key categories generated included the importance of mentoring, a sense of vulnerability and frustration and the importance of supportive systems and role understanding. Mentorship was crucial for building confidence and competence, while role ambiguity and systemic barriers were challenges. Systemic barriers included difficulties in accessing patient histories and outdated or incompatible IT systems. Administrative hurdles, including cumbersome regulatory requirements and limited recognition of their prescribing role, further complicated practice. The fear of litigation was a concern, heightened by inadequate guidelines and support systems. Robust organisational policies and comprehensive legal frameworks were highlighted as crucial, though often perceived as insufficient. Facilitators included strategic leads and multidisciplinary collaboration, enhancing skill integration, and support within organisations. Conclusion This review highlights the critical need for structured support, clear role definitions, and robust legal frameworks to empower paramedic prescribers. Addressing technological and systemic barriers will be essential for the successful integration of prescribing roles within paramedic practice.