Budge Budge College, established in 1971, is an undergraduate college in Budge Budge, West Bengal, India. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.
Background A rich range of flora and animals that can adapt to terrestrial and marine habitats can be found in mangroves, which are regarded as hotspots for biodiversity. Among the resources developed to synthesize nanoparticles(NPs) using bioactive compounds, mangroves have attracted considerable attention due to their appealing properties: (i) biocompatibility, (ii) high surface area, (iii) non-toxicity, (iv) used as precursors for NPs synthesis, (v) act as reducing agents, (vi) possibility for green synthesis of NPs, (vii) eco-friendly, (viii) cost-efficient (ix) high porosity, (x) stable, and (xi) bio-friendly. Purpose This review presents different synthesis methods of mangrove-derived nanoparticles (MDNPs) from the methodological and mechanistic point of view. The enzymes are responsible for MDNP synthesis including nitrate reductase, nitrate-dependent reductases, and other enzymes, and the physicochemical behavior of MDNPs including drug loading, drug release, particle size, zeta potential, and stability are briefly discussed. This review also presents why mangroves have been chosen to design NPs in various biomedical applications. Results and discussion An important result is the environmental sustainability of MDNP synthesis. Utilizing mangrove extracts, roots (pneumatophores), or soils enables the synthesis of NPs without toxic chemicals, supporting green chemistry initiatives and scalability. MDNPs act as multifunctional agents in biomedical application, while adhering to sustainability and environmental safety principles. Novelty includes green synthesis using mangrove extracts/soils, natural bioreduction, environmentally friendly production, natural organic coatings. Challenges include scalability, polydispersity, heterogeneity, reproducibility, incomplete reactions, purification difficulties. Future promise includes biomedical applications, drug delivery, sustainable nanomedicine, therapeutic and environmental use. Conclusion Mangrove ecosystems offer a promising, environmentally friendly, and economically viable source for the green synthesis of NPs. The scientific value of MDNPs lies in their unique bioactive compound-based synthesis, environmentally friendly production, and diverse biomedical applications. Mangroves produce bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and other secondary metabolites, which serve as natural reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of Ag-NPs and AuNPs. Their synthesis exploits natural biochemicals from mangrove plants, making them sustainable alternatives for biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications while supporting conservation of unique mangrove ecosystems.
This review aims to systematically consolidate methods for fabricating chitosan nano-fibers (CSNFs), examine the key factors influencing their production, and justify the use of chitosan in nanofiber-based drug delivery systems. Additionally, the review seeks to analyse the surface modification methodologies and the physicochemical properties of CSNFs, encompassing drug loading potential, drug release pattern, particle size distribution, along with zeta potential and stability, while also offering a summary of current patents pertaining to CSNFs. A variety of well-established methodologies, including melt-blowing, the emulsion approach, and centrifugal jet spinning, have been employed to produce CSNFs.The various excipients, like right solvents, polymers, co-polymers, and non-solvents, were selected based on the method of preparation. Using a number of well-known technologies like electrospinning, self-assembly, phase separation, melt-blowing, emulsion procedures, and centrifugal jet spinning, CSNFs were prepared and developed effectively. It should be noted that the careful choice of solvents, polymers, co-polymers, and non-solvents, as well as the fine-tuning of process parameters, led to uniform CSNFs with controlled fibre morphology and good physicochemical qualities that would make them useful for biomedical purposes. This review outlines the various fabrication techniques for CSNFs and the principal factors that influence their characteristics. Because of their easy degradation and biocompatible nature, CSNFs are excellent candidates for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. Furthermore, methodologies for surface modification, key physicochemical properties, and the expanding patent landscape all indicate how CSNFs could be applied in the biological field in the near future.
Abstract: Chitosan Nanoparticles (CHNPs) have emerged as a promising nanocarrier system for the delivery of medicinal plant extracts, owing to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mucoadhesive properties. This review outlines the eco-friendly synthesis approaches of CHNPs and their role in enhancing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of plant-derived bioactives. Encapsulation of phytoconstituents in CHNPs significantly improves their solubility, stability, and bioavailability, and enables site-specific, controlled drug release. Plant-extract-loaded CHNPs have demonstrated broad-spectrum pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, CHNPs are being explored for wound healing, vaccine delivery, and cancer therapeutics. Despite certain formulation and scalability challenges, CHNPs represent a sustainable and versatile strategy for herbal drug delivery. Future perspectives focus on advanced functionalization and clinical translation, integrating traditional phytotherapy with modern nanomedicine.
Every year, across the globe, the food industry generates a substantial amount of waste and by-products from numerous sources and these wastages showed umpteen opportunities to be treated as concealed treasure for precious bioactive entities. Being rich in functional moieties (such as dietary fibres, natural colorants, proteins etc.) these so-called food waste would like to offer innovative opportunities for creating high-value yields by utilizing sophisticated techniques which would find potential application in numerous fields. By incorporating these by-products and so-called food wastage into mainstream, the concepts of the regenerative economy would be highly encouraged, which would unlock hidden benefits as well as mitigate its negative effects on the environment. In this review article, an attempt has been taken to summarize and explore the nutritional impact and plausible applications of food waste valorisation based on previous academic investigations published in scholarly scientific journals and these distilled key findings would like to offer the researchers as an informative source of food waste utilization for sustainable economy thus reducing the burden of browsing multiple articles in a time saving way. This review article also highlighted food waste minimizing strategy along with real ground obstacles associated with food waste management and provide a strategic framework to policy makers, industry head as well as researchers for harnessing novel practices related to food wastage to extract maximal benefit from it.
The object of the present paper is to study conformal η -Einstein soliton in the framework of (LCS)_n -manifold. First we establish the existence of conformal η -Einstein soliton on (LCS)_n -manifold. Then we obtain some results on (LCS)_n -manifold admitting conformal η -Einstein soliton where the Ricci tensor is cyclic parallel and Codazzi type. We have also considered the soliton where the manifold is Ricci symmetric.
