Summary Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that affects animals and humans, with the most common strains being Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis . It is a significant public health threat, particularly in areas with poor hygiene, food safety, and veterinary care standards. Diagnostic tests for brucellosis include culture, serological tests, lateral flow assays, MALDI-TOF-MS, PCR, and multiplex tests. The gold standard for diagnosis is culture, but its sensitivity is not always high, particularly for neurobrucellosis. Serological tests are relatively simple and quick, and lateral flow assays have high sensitivity and specificity. Multiplex tests can rapidly identify the species and biovar of Brucella isolated by culture. Serological tests are crucial for diagnosing brucellosis, and molecular techniques offer several advantages over bacteriological isolation. Methods: A thorough and extensive search was conducted in international databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, from the year 2014 to 2024. The search terms included keywords such as “Brucellosis,” “Malta Fever,” “Mediterranean fever,” “ Brucella Infection,” “ Brucella ,” and “Undulant Fever.” Duplicate articles were removed, and the remaining studies were screened. The suitable articles were then reviewed for the study. Results: The current review was carried out to investigate the diagnostic tests available for detecting brucellosis. The study includes information on recent advances in evaluating diagnostic techniques, their clinical value, and their respective pros and cons. Conclusion: Understanding the disease’s risk may aid in the development and implementation of effective disease control measures to raise public awareness of brucellosis.
Zoonotic diseases pose a growing health risk in developing nations because of the ongoing animal-human interaction. India has experienced significant urbanization in recent years, with a large population migration from rural to urban areas. One of the most common and feared risks to which humans are exposed is zoonotic diseases. Numerous studies conducted in India have identified specific zoonoses, such as Listeriosis, Brucellosis, and Bovine tuberculosis, as extremely important to human health. The rough set method is appropriate for several real-world applications and is a component of the computing strategy. Rough sets offer several noteworthy benefits. The rough sets encounter small data sets and provide helpful techniques for revealing hidden patterns in data. In this work, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of zoonosis in the Central India Population. Three states were studied for zoonotic infection prevalence, including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. A total of 7026 samples were recruited by inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The lifestyle and animal exposure data of this population was collected and tested for Brucella. On this data, the rough set approach yielded an accuracy of 87.5
Objective: In this study we evaluated the utility of Abortus Melitensis Ovis Suis Brucella PCR (AMOS PCR) for the molecular characterization of Brucella species and analyzed the associated risk factors for brucellosis in Central Indian and Meghalayan population.Methods: AMOS PCR was carried out in a total of 160 BSCP-31 PCR-positive DNA samples isolated previously from the blood of Central Indian (n = 90) and Meghalayan cohorts (n = 70). Clinical and associated risk factors recorded earlier were used to establish strain-specific disease outcomes in study cohorts.Results: Brucella melitensis was found to be the dominant strain in both Central Indian and Meghalayan cohorts (57.7% and 54.28%, respectively) followed by Brucella abortus (42.22% and 38.57%). Although rare, brucellosis cases in the Meghalayan population also showed the presence of Brucella suis (7.14%) and Brucella ovis (2.85%). Febrile illness was a major clinical risk factor in both study cohorts, while occupational risk factors like exposure to animals and raw milk consumption were major mediating factors for brucellosis in Central Indian cohorts. On the contrary, meat consumption was found to be significant predisposing factor for brucellosis in Meghalaya.Conclusion: Molecular characterization of Brucella species provides important public health data for mitigation, advocacy, and antimicrobial stewardship.
Staphylococcus aureus is omnipresent and it causes a wide range of diseases in hospitals as well as in community. Its pathogenesis depends on wide varieties of virulence factors. Over the past two decades, the antibiotic resistance mechanism has shown a rise in S. aureus, which is alarming given the fact that there is no working vaccine or other significant methods of preventing or treating infections caused by S. aureus. This demands the need to explore possibilities for effective treatment and prevention. In this article, we have reviewed the surface adhesin proteins of S. aureus, their role in pathogenesis and clinical significances. These adhesins are located on the cell surface and participate in colonization by binding to their specific ligands. Fibronectin binding protein, collagen binding protein, biofilm associated protein, protein A, clumping factor are some of the important adhesins. They take part in colonization, invasion, biofilm formation, evasion of host immunity by binding their ligands on the host cells. Attempts to develop vaccine against these proteins, in combination or individually, have been made but they seem to fail at clinical testing stage. Some fails due to its lesser antigenicity against humans as compared to animals in preclinical stage of testing. This review concludes with the wide range of possibilities in prevention and treatment options that can be developed from these adhesins. Extensive studies targeting the adhesin ligand binding using structurally homologues compounds or structure based drug designing can help in eradicating colonization which is the first step of infection.
Aim Of Study: To evaluate clinical presentations and outcomes of patients with MIS-C in children Method: It is a prospective observational study that will be conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, NKPSIMS Medical College, Nagpur. All children admitted with MIS-C at our Hospital, aged 1 month to 18 years, from March 2021 to October 2023 were recruited into the study. Results: There were 20 children presented with MIS-C post covid infection. Age and gender-wise associations along with common symptoms seen with post-covid infection were studied. The majority of cases were mild to moderate cases which were treated according to the category of illness. There was one mortality in category 4. Conclusion: In this study, we will highlight the clinical spectrum and outcome of MIS-C secondary to covid19 infection in children and summarise the available evidence to provide insights into current clinical practice and implications for future research directions
