Charotar University of Science and Technology

Abstract The mass spectra of charm-strange mesons including ground, radial and orbital excitations have been calculated within a relativistic Dirac framework. The predicted masses of the first orbital excited state 1P exhibits excellent agreement with values reported by the PDG. Utilizing these mass predictions and an effective Lagrangian approach based on heavy quark and chiral symmetries, we have computed the OZI allowed two body strong decay widths of higher excited state candidates of charm-strange sector. The resulting partial widths and branching ratios enable the assignment of spin-parity quantum numbers to several newly observed charm-strange states. In particular, we identify $$D_{sJ}(2700)$$ D sJ ( 2700 ) as the $$2^3S_1$$ 2 3 S 1 , $$D_{s0}(2590)$$ D s 0 ( 2590 ) as the $$2^1S_0$$ 2 1 S 0 , $$D_{sJ}(2860)$$ D sJ ( 2860 ) as the $$1^3D_3$$ 1 3 D 3 , $$D_{s1}(2860)$$ D s 1 ( 2860 ) as the $$1^3D_1$$ 1 3 D 1 and $$D_{sJ}(3040)$$ D sJ ( 3040 ) as the $$2^1P_1$$ 2 1 P 1 states. The effective coupling constants $$g_T$$ g T , $$g_X$$ g X , $$g_Y$$ g Y , $$\tilde{g}_S$$ g ~ S and $$\tilde{g}_H$$ g ~ H determined in the present study appear to be consistent with the reported values. Furthermore, the $$D^*K$$ D ∗ K decay channel emerges as the most promising mode for the experimental search of the missing $$1^3D_2$$ 1 3 D 2 and $$1^1D_2$$ 1 1 D 2 states, while the $$2^3P_0$$ 2 3 P 0 state is more likely to be observed through the DK channel.

The escalating threat of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, exacerbated by the hysterical discharge of pharmaceuticals into aquatic environments, underscores an urgent need for sustainable antibiotic removal technologies. Conventional adsorbents often suffer from poor regeneration efficiency and structural integrity, restricting their long-term application. Here, a physicochemically cross-linked hydrogel biosorbent was engineered by integrating NiAl layered double hydroxide (LDH)-decorated biochar into a Schiff-base polymeric network formed between periodate-oxidized Prunus avium gum and chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol). The resulting hydrogel exhibited a mesoporous architecture with an enhanced surface area and high swelling stability. The adsorbent achieved remarkable empirical adsorption capacities of approximate to 763 mg.g(-1) and approximate to 835 mg.g(-1) for erythromycin (ERY) and amoxicillin (AMX) at an initial concentration of 200 mg.L-1 within 90 min (0.15 g.L-1 dosage). Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and fitted perfectly to Sips/Freundlich isotherms (R-2 > 0.98), indicating chemisorption on heterogeneous multilayers, as corroborated by minimal AIC/BIC values (Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion). Thermodynamic (Delta H degrees < 0, -85.13 to -92.80 kJ.mol(-1); Delta G degrees < 0, 298-313 K) and Monte Carlo simulation results substantiate a spontaneous, exothermic process with a greater affinity for AMX. The adsorption mechanism involved synergistic Lewis acid-base complexation, electrostatic or charge-assisted hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking, and anion exchange within the functionalized hydrogel matrix. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating renewable polysaccharides, waste-derived biochar, and NiAl LDH nanostructures into a robust, regenerable, and eco-efficient biosorbent framework, retaining >= 88 +/- 0.5 % regeneration efficiency after seven cycles, offering a promising platform for tertiary antibiotic-contaminated wastewater remediation.

The plant microbiome is essential for plant health; in particular, synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) offer a scalable, sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. The concept has moved beyond single-strain inoculants, with SynComs being rationally designed using ecological principles, computational tools, and an understanding of how plants shape their microbial niche through root exudates and chemotaxis. Indeed, effective SynCom design requires a mechanistic understanding of microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions. In real field settings, SynComs have been shown to suppress diseases in tomato, rice, wheat, and maize while enhancing yield. Inconsistent field performance, instability in formulation, regulatory challenges, and farmer adoption are among the pressing issues related to SynComs. In the foreseeable future, the integration of machine learning and gene-editing tools is expected to enable SynCom formulation with greater precision and impact. Favorable labor division and mutualistic relationships within a SynCom make it a more controlled and ecologically informed tool for modern agriculture.

This study presents an in-situ approach for synthesizing mesoporous ZnCo2O4 nanosheets derived from metalorganic frameworks (MOFs). These nanosheets are directly grown on a nickel foam (ZnCo2O4/NF) substrate via a simple solvothermal process, followed by the calcination of a Zn/Co MOF@ZIF-67. The substrate serves both as a physical support and as a growth structure, guiding the formation of uniform nanostructures and enabling better control over morphology. The formation of the as-synthesized material was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The morphology and composition of the material were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface area, pore size, and pore volume of the material were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. A hierarchical structure and a morphologically tunable MOFs template enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrode materials by providing numerous electroactive sites with diverse valence states and short ion-diffusion pathways. The electronic structure and capacitive behavior of the ZnCo2O4/NF system, evaluated using density of states (DOS) and quantum capacitance analyses, exhibits remarkable energy storage efficiency. Experimentally, ZnCo2O4/NF electrode shows a high capacitance of 1338 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution over a potential range of 0.0 to 0.65 V. It also retains excellent rate capability at a current density of 5.5 A/g and exhibits good cycling stability, retaining 80.23% capacity over 3000 cycles. Additionally, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor device demonstrates an energy density of 168 Wh/kg at 3300 W/kg, and maintains an energy density of 115 Wh/kg at 9900 W/kg. This device maintains outstanding cycling stability, retaining 75.46% of its capacity after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 3 A/g. The as-synthesized material can improve the design of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes obtained from MOFs-derived metal oxide.

Current technologies of water electrolysis for hydrogen production and purification of industrial wastes are effective for mitigating environmental pollution. However, they are energy-intensive and cause indirect/direct CO2 emissions. Here, we report the asymmetric acid-alkaline hydrazine-water fuel cell (HzWFC) and sulfion-water fuel cell (SWFC), which operate with acidic-hydrogen evolution (HER) at the cathode and alkaline-hydrazine/sulfion oxidation reaction (HzOR/SOR) with zero CO2 emission at the anode. The realization of these necessitates the development of metal organic framework-derived V-CoS self-supported catalysts with optimized electronic structure, desired morphological evolution, regulated charge-transport and optimized adsorption of HzOR/SOR intermediates. Utilizing the electrochemical neutralization energy (ENE) and favourable catalytic performance, the V-CoS catalyst based HzWFC and SWFC generate maximum power density of 46.4 mW/cm2 (at 120 mA/cm2) and 15 mW/cm2 (at 61 mA/cm2), respectively and also, facilitates the H2-production at current density of 240 mA/cm2 and 123 mA/cm2 at zero voltage, respectively. Realizing the ∼99% of practical Faradaic efficiency at current density of 100 mA/cm2, the HzWFC and SWFC enable the co-generation of electricity at a rate of 1.07 kWh/Nm3 and 0.24 kWh/Nm3 and H2 at a rate of 41.2 mL/cm2 h.