Christian Medical College, Vellore widely known as CMC, Vellore is a private, minority-run medical school, hospital and research institute. This Institute includes a network of primary, secondary and tertiary care hospitals in and around Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.The institute, constituent college is affiliated with the Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University. Founded in 1900 by an American missionary, Dr Ida S. Scudder, CMC Vellore has brought many significant achievements to India, including starting the first College of Nursing in 1946, performing the first reconstructive surgery for leprosy in the world (1948), performing the first successful open heart surgery in India (1961), performing the first kidney transplant in India (1971), performing first bone marrow transplantation (1986) in India and performing the first successful ABO incompatible kidney transplant in India (2009).
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global challenges, with obesity increasing risk of T2DM. Body mass index (BMI), the conventional measure of obesity, may not accurately predict metabolic risk, especially in Asian individuals. Evaluation of alternative anthropometric indices may offer additional approaches for risk assessment. The multicenter, cross-sectional study examined whether anthropometric indices—such as waist, hip, neck, calf, and wrist circumferences, as well as waist–hip, neck–height, and waist–calf ratios—are associated with T2DM in adults with obesity. The study included 750 adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) recruited from four endocrinology centers across India. Anthropometric and clinical data were recorded using a standardized electronic form. T2DM was present in 73
To compare perioperative, oncological, and survival outcomes of total gastrectomy (TG) versus subtotal gastrectomy (SG) in patients with locally advanced distal diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma treated with perioperative 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel (FLOT) chemotherapy. Diffuse distal gastric cancer is characterized by infiltrative growth patterns and early nodal metastasis. Whilst radical resection remains the cornerstone of curative treatment, the optimal extent of surgery with TG or SG, remains debated. This international multicenter cohort study analyzed data from patients with histologically confirmed diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma, located > 5 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. Endpoints included surgical margin status, nodal yield, perioperative morbidity, recurrence patterns, time-to-recurrence (TTR), and overall survival (OS). Outcomes were compared using multivariate analyses. In total, 188 (39.0
Vascular disorders of the intestine (VDI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are linked by shared atherosclerotic risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Their coexistence poses a significant threat to population health, with associated high morbidity and mortality. While advances in care have improved outcomes, evolving trends and disparities remain under-investigated at the national level. This study assessed national mortality trends and demographic disparities in deaths attributed to vascular disorders of the intestine and ischemic heart disease among all age groups in the United States from 1999 to 2023. We used the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database (1999–2023) and identified deaths in which ICD-10 code K55 (vascular disorders of the intestine) and ICD-10 codes I20–I25 (ischemic heart disease) were concurrently listed on the same death certificate. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and U.S. census regions. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to evaluate temporal trends and compute annual percent change with 95
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have greatly reduced invasive pneumococcal disease worldwide, though outcomes vary with the serotype formulation and regional context. India’s introduction of indigenous 10-valent PCV into its Universal Immunization Program (UIP) was a major milestone, differing from the earlier globally available PCV10 by including serotypes 19A and 6A—both of which have been linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in countries such as Belgium and Brazil. This review synthesizes global vaccine experiences, explores serotype biology, cross-protection, and the emergence of non-vaccine types, and considers the spectrum of higher-valency options (PCV14, PCV20, and PCV21). India’s pediatric PCV coverage has expanded rapidly, though unevenly, while adult uptake remains limited. While indigenous PCV10 introduction and scale-up, followed by indigenous PCV14 introduction seems a pragmatic policy for India’s UIP today, sustained genomic and AMR surveillance, plus eventual transitions to broader PCVs, will be essential for long-term, adaptable immunization strategies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify early electrode migration after cochlear implant (CI) surgery using imaging, mapping, and postoperative auditory and speech scores in order to enhance the performance of the implant and its outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study involving the bilaterally profound hearing-impaired children who underwent cochlear implantation from January 2021 to February 2024. SETTING: Patients who attended the paediatric hearing clinic in a tertiary care hospital for follow-up after 6 months to 1 year were recruited. METHODS: After a minimum of 6 months of cochlear implantation surgery, a ‘modified Stenver’s view’ and a ‘cochlear view’ mastoid x-ray was done to determine the electrode position, insertion depth and degree of insertion and compared with the x-ray taken on post-operative day one. The electrode position was then correlated with electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP), impedance, CAP-12 (Categories of auditory performance) score and speech intelligibility rating (SIR). RESULTS: Out of 35 patients who enrolled for the study, 3 patients were found to have electrode migration, of which one patient had poor speech and auditory outcome. The cochlear view was found to be superior to modified Stenver’s view. CONCLUSIONS: Electrode migration is a rare but not uncommon complication that may not be easily picked up with ECAP and impedance monitoring in the post-operative period, warranting regular imaging such as cochlear view x-ray that is fast, cheap and has low radiation exposure to children. It also gives good electrode visibility and can determine the electrode position, angular insertion depth and electrode migration.
