Chuvash State Pedagogical University

The results of the comprehensive study of the inhibitory effectiveness of potassium tetraborophosphate (PTBP) as a component of the alkaline cleaning solution for St3 steel, AD31 aluminum alloy, and L63 brass are presented. The methods were weight loss, electrochemical polarization and reflectometry. It was experimentally established that PTBP at a concentration of 1.5% by weight exhibits an anodic-passivating mechanism of action which gives the protection level of up to 94.5% for steel and increasing the cleaning capacity of the solution. The obtained data confirm the potential of PTBP as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional nitrite and chromate inhibitors in the industrial cleaning processes.

Background. Factor models and factor analysis, widely used in psychology, provide a reduction in the dimension of psycho diagnostic data by converting the matrix of correlation coefficients between individual psychological characteristics. In factor analysis, it is assumed that the theoretical condition of factor invariance is fulfilled. However, when analyzing the psycho diagnostic data of a relatively small sample of respondents, the conditions of factor variation are not always fulfilled. Therefore, choosing the number of significant factors in the processing of multidimensional psycho diagnostic data is an urgent task. The purpose of the study – to analyze the features of choosing the significant factors number in the processing of multidimensional psycho diagnostic data. Materials and methods. Based on the processing of the author's psycho diagnostic results, the possibilities of choosing the number of significant factors are analyzed when analyzing data obtained as a result of testing 80 adolescents aged 15-16 using the 14-factor Cattell questionnaire, which were obtained in dynamics with an interval between psycho diagnostic cross-section of one year. Teenage schoolchildren (8th grade, 144 students) were tested simultaneously using four different tests: the Buss - Durkee aggression test (10 subtests), the Hall Emotional Intelligence Test (5 subtests), the Phillips school anxiety test (8 subtests) and the Kondash general anxiety test (4 subtests). Results. In the factor analysis of personality traits (14 initial signs), 5-6 significant factors were identified in the diagnostic sections. With simultaneous factor analysis of the results of four different tests, depending on the criterion used, from 7 to 12 significant factors can be selected from the initial 27 features. It is shown that the traditional criteria for choosing the number of significant factors, such as the Kaiser criterion, the criterion of "scree" ("broken stick") do not give an unambiguous result. Recommendations on the consistent use of these criteria and an algorithm of actions for selecting the number of significant factors in the process of factor analysis are proposed. The author's examples show how the reduction of the dimension of psycho diagnostic data can be carried out in several stages. Conclusions. Reducing the dimension of multidimensional psycho diagnostic data and the concept of factor invariance are ambiguously related. Factor invariance is a theoretical concept that requires a very large sample of data and does not always take into account the specifics of psychological research. Reducing the dimension of the psycho diagnostic data and interpreting the most significant factors obtained require an integrated approach.

This article addresses the pressing issue of fostering patriotism in the younger generation in the context of supplementary education. The authors examine military paraphernalia not simply as a material object, but as a profound cultural and historical resource with significant educational potential. The work presents the authors' concept, which combines the study of the heroic past of the Fatherland with practical activities in an arts and crafts studio. In the course of the research, a structural and functional model of patriotic education was theoretically substantiated and experimentally tested. The primary focus is on integrating theoretical knowledge about the evolution of military equipment with practical craft skills (chainmail weaving, metalworking). The authors put forward the idea that deep immersion in the historical context through “hands-on work” facilitates the transformation of an unconscious love for the Motherland into a conscious civic stance. The result of this work was the development of a model and a comprehensive program, “Kolchuga”, which have proven effective in fostering strong patriotic beliefs, a valuing of ancestral heritage, and the development of students' creative competencies. The authors conclude that a systematic approach is necessary, combining content-methodological, technological, and environmental conditions to achieve significant educational results.

Objective: To investigate the impact of a visual narrative art therapy program on the mental states of older preschool children. Methods: The study involved 56 children aged 5–7 years; a formative (intervention-based) experiment was conducted with baseline, intervention, and control stages. Methods included theoretical analysis, psychological assessment, qualitative and statistical data analysis. Pearson’s χ² was applied to a subgroup (n = 24), and descriptive analysis was used for a subgroup (n = 6). The psychological correction program was based on the creation of a visual narrative using Ebru techniques, drama therapy, collage, sand therapy, work with mandalas and metaphorical cards, aimed at optimizing children’s emotional and behavioral reactions. Results: Within a quasi-experimental pre-post design, positive dynamics in the mental states of preschoolers were revealed (Tables 1–3). The most pronounced changes were observed in the physiological component, the least in the behavioral component. Conclusions: The narrative art therapy program had a positive impact on the mental states of older preschool children; visual narrative is identified as a clinically significant tool for psychological correction and assessment.