Mari State University was founded in 1972 in Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic. Mari State University consists of 6 faculties and 6 institutes that train well-educated specialists for most sectors of the Russian national economy. Mari State University is one of the five founder members of the International Association of Finno-Ugric universities, one of the forty-one members of Russia's Association of Classical Universities.Classes are taken in Russian medium and English medium..
Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ dysregulation is a central pathogenic event in skeletal muscle disorders, yet the dichotomy between overload and deficiency is often overlooked. This review summarizes mechanisms governing mitochondrial Ca²⁺ transport and sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication. We examine prerequisites of Ca²⁺ overload, including RyR1/SERCA dysfunction and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex remodeling, leading to suppressed ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species overproduction, and necrosis. Conversely, we address mitochondrial Ca²⁺ deficiency in aging, sarcopenia, and diabetes, resulting from altered MCU stoichiometry and reduced organelle tethering, causing metabolic inflexibility and impaired antioxidant defense. Additionally, therapeutic strategies limiting Ca²⁺ overload and prospects of pharmacological MCU activation to enhance bioenergetics in sarcopenia are discussed.
We study an iteratively regularized gradient method with an a posteriori stopping rule for solving nonlinear irregular operator equations in Hilbert spaces. An accuracy estimate in terms of the error level of input data for this method is established. We assume that the desired solution satisfies a sourcewise condition, and we use no structural conditions on the operator of the problem.
A mathematical model of electron-beam modification was developed to create a gas-permeable microprofile on the surface of a molybdenum plate. The resulting samples with gas-permeable surface profiles were studied using a confocal laser microscope and a 3D laser profilometer, as well as replicas made of a special material.
В статье представлен анализ процесса муниципальной реформы в Республике Марий Эл, начавшейся в 2024 г. Основное внимание уделяется трансформации территориальной организации местного самоуправления и переходу от двухуровневой к одноуровневой системе управления. Исследуются особенности преобразования муниципальных районов в муниципальные округа на примере Килемарского, Волжского, Новоторъяльского и Сернурского районов. Выявлены ключевые изменения в структуре органов местного самоуправления и механизмы интеграции муниципальной власти в единую систему публичной власти. В единой системе публичной власти продолжается работа по дальнейшей реализации муниципальной реформы. Анализируются положения Закона Республики Марий Эл от 6 ноября 2025 г. № 38-З «Об отдельных вопросах организации местного самоуправления в Республике Марий Эл в единой системе публичной власти». По мнению автора материала, в процессе муниципальной реформы на регионально-субъектном уровне акцент в работе территориальных отделов сделан на большее взаимодействие с населением, а также на развитие общественного самоуправления. Приводятся позиции ученых по вопросам проведения муниципальной реформы и организации одноуровневой модели организации местного самоуправления в субъектах Федерации. The article presents an analysis of the process of municipal reform in the Republic of Mari El, which began in 2024. The main focus is on the transformation of the territorial organization of local self-government and the transition from a two-tier to a one-tier management system. The features of the transformation of municipal districts into municipal districts are investigated using the example of Kilemarsky, Volzhsky, Novotoryalsky and Sernursky districts. Key changes in the structure of local self-government bodies and mechanisms for integrating municipal authorities into a single system of public authority have been identified. In the unified system of public authority, work continues on the further implementation of municipal reform. The provisions of the Law of the Republic of Mari El dated November 6, 2025 № 38-Z «On certain issues of organizing local self-government in the Republic of Mari El in a unified system of public authority» are analyzed. According to the author of the material, in the process of municipal reform at the regional-subject level, the emphasis in the work of territorial departments is placed on greater interaction with the population, as well as on the development of public self-government. The positions of scientists on the issues of municipal reform and the organization of a one-level model of organizing local self-government in the constituent entities of the Federation are given.
Статья посвящена комплексному анализу изменения конституционных принципов правосудия в новейшее время. Исследуются основные направления трансформации принципов судебной власти в условиях конституционных реформ, развития института конституционного правосудия, цифровизации судебной деятельности и усложнения общественных отношений. Особое внимание уделяется переосмыслению принципов независимости судебной власти, состязательности и равноправия сторон, гласности судебного разбирательства, а также доступности правосудия. Анализируется роль Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации в формировании современного содержания конституционных принципов правосудия. Делается вывод о том, что происходящие изменения направлены на адаптацию правосудия к новым социально-политическим и правовым реалиям при сохранении его конституционной природы The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of changes in the constitutional principles of justice in the modern era. The main directions of transformation of the principles of judicial power in the context of constitutional reforms, the development of constitutional justice, digitalization of judicial activity and the complication of social relations are examined. Particular attention is paid to the reinterpretation of the principles of judicial independence, adversarial proceedings and equality of parties, publicity of judicial proceedings, as well as accessibility of justice. The role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in shaping the modern content of the constitutional principles of justice is analyzed. It is concluded that contemporary changes are aimed at adapting justice to new socio-political and legal realities while preserving its constitutional foundations