Abstract Background Both Simparica® and Simparica TRIO® chewable tablets are efficacious within 12 h against existing Ixodes scapularis infestations and within 24 h against re-infestations for 1 month. It is therefore expected that treatment with either product prevents Lyme infections due to their efficacy against I. scapularis ticks before the anticipated transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by infected ticks. Methods In total, four laboratory studies were conducted in which dogs were randomly allocated to two treatment groups of 10 dogs each. On day 0, dogs were either administered a placebo treatment (Pet-Tabs® Palatable Vitamin-Mineral Supplement for Dogs), Simparica TRIO tablets at the minimum dose of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 μg/kg moxidectin and 5 mg/kg pyrantel (study 1 and 2) or Simparica at the minimum dose of 2 mg/kg sarolaner (study 3 and 4). On post-treatment day 28, each dog was infested with approximately 50 unfed, wild-caught adult I. scapularis ticks with a high B. burgdorferi infection rate. Blood samples were collected from each prior dog to treatment and on post-treatment days 27, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 104, and qualitatively tested for B. burgdorferi antibodies using the SNAP® 4Dx Plus and Lyme Quant C6® antibody tests. Four skin biopsies from each dog were collected on day 104 from the most common areas of tick attachment and tested by PCR for the quantitative presence of B. burgdorferi. Results In all studies, at least nine out of 10 placebo-treated dogs were infected with B. burgdorferi before the end of the study. In study 1, one Simparica Trio-treated dog tested positive, whereas in the other studies none of the dogs treated with sarolaner tested positive at any time point during the study. Conclusions Both Simparica and Simparica Trio at the minimum label dose prevent the transmission of B. burgdorferi infections as a direct result of killing the I. scapularis vector ticks. Graphical Abstract
Fleas and ticks can be found globally and are of both veterinary and human health concern due to their ability to transmit various vector-borne diseases. Heavy flea and tick infestations can result in significant blood loss, while flea infestations can result in intense pruritus. The use of safe and effective ectoparasiticides in veterinary medicine is a crucial part of protecting both pets and humans from infestations and transmission of vector-borne diseases. The efficacy of a novel endectocide, Credelio Quattro, containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel, was evaluated in four masked studies: one against Ctenocephalides felis and three against the dose-limiting tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Dogs were orally administered placebo, Credelio Quattro™, lotilaner only (Credelio™, Study 2), or pyrantel only (Study 2) in a fed state on Day 0. Experimental infestations with C. felis were conducted on Days −1, 6, 13, 20, 29, and 35 with 100 adult fleas. Fleas were removed and categorized as either live or dead 24 h post-treatment and 24 h post-infestation thereafter. Experimental infestations with R. sanguineus were conducted on Days −2, 5, 12, 19, and 30 with 50 adult ticks. Ticks were removed and categorized as attached or unattached and then live or dead 48 h post-treatment and 48 h post-infestation thereafter. Credelio Quattro demonstrated 100
Objective:To determine the effectiveness of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) monoclonal antibody (CPMA) to prevent CPV-2 disease after an experimental challenge to support a label claim for prophylactic use. Methods:25 Beagle pups aged 7 to 8 weeks were randomized to CPMA-treated (n = 20) or PBS-treated control (5) groups. One day after SC administration of PBS or CPMA (0.1 mL/kg) on study day (SD) 0, all pups were challenged by intranasal administration of virulent CPV-2b. Personnel masked to treatment groups monitored clinical signs, including rectal temperature, vomiting, and/or abnormal feces, over SD 2 through SD 14. Samples collected included sera, whole blood, and feces to assess antibody responses, lymphopenia, and fecal shedding of CPV-2, respectively. The CPV-2 disease case definition included at least 3 of 4 criteria: fever of 39.7 °C (103.4 °F) or greater, decreased lymphocytes to 50% of baseline or below, presence of diarrhea, and detection of CPV-2 virus in feces. Results:All 5 control pups developed parvovirosis and met the CPV-2 case definition. In contrast, none of the 19 CPMA prophylactically treated pups developed more than 1 of the criteria for CPV-2 disease. One pup infected with CPV-2 via environmental exposure and treated therapeutically was also protected against CPV-2 disease signs. Conclusions:Prophylactic CPMA treatment successfully protected all pups from experimental CPV-2 disease. Clinical Relevance:Prophylactically administered CPMA provides a reasonable expectation of passive protection of naïve pups against parvovirosis in high-risk settings, such as outbreak situations.
Hookworms, specifically Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala, have a clinical impact on the health of dogs, with A. caninum posing a zoonotic risk worldwide. The studies presented here were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel, oral chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel (as pamoate salt) against fourth-stage larvae (L4), immature adult, and adult A. caninum, as well as adult U. stenocephala, infections in dogs. Nine negatively controlled, masked, randomized laboratory studies evaluated the efficacy and non-interference of the drugs against various stages of A. caninum and U. stenocephala. In addition to one pilot study conducted against L4 A. caninum and one study that assessed efficacy in dogs with naturally acquired U. stenocephala, two experimental studies were conducted against each of the target hookworm species and stages. A total of 16–31 dogs comprised each study. With the exception of the study in dogs with naturally acquired U. stenocephala, dogs were experimentally infected with the target parasite and dosed on Day 0 or 4 with placebo tablets, Credelio Quattro tablets (or components of Credelio Quattro formulation for the pilot study), or individual actives, moxidectin or pyrantel, in the specific studies designed to assess interference. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing the number of worms recovered at necropsy 5–10 days post-treatment between the treated and control groups. All dogs tolerated Credelio Quattro well. Efficacy of Credelio Quattro was ≥ 99.0
Roundworms such as Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis are routinely diagnosed in dogs globally, especially in dogs 6 months of age or younger. Toxocara canis is zoonotic, can cause significant disease in dogs, and is the causative agent of toxocariasis in humans. To protect both animal and human health, it is imperative that Toxocara canis infections are effectively treated and controlled to minimize the risk of transmission. The following studies were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of a novel, combination chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro™) containing the minimum effective dosages of lotilaner (20.0 mg/kg), moxidectin (0.02 mg/kg), praziquantel (5.0 mg/kg), and pyrantel (5.0 mg/kg) for the treatment and control of T. canis and T. leonina infections in dogs. Six well-controlled studies were performed. Two studies each evaluated Credelio Quattro against immature adult T. canis, adult T. canis, and adult T. leonina infections. Post-treatment efficacy was calculated from necropsy worm counts, and fecal egg count reduction was determined 10 days post-treatment in studies evaluating experimentally induced or naturally acquired adult infections. Credelio Quattro was safe and ≥ 97.9
