The present checklist provides, for each species of the Red Sea, records from the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, and the Red Sea main basin together with its general distribution, English vernacular name and IUCN Red List status. This updated checklist enumerates 1,250 species, representing 165 families. Of these, 813 species are recorded from the Gulf of Aqaba and 350 from the Gulf of Suez. The list includes 65 species newly described to science since the last checklist of 2018. The most speciose families of Osteichthyes are Gobiidae (154 species), Labridae (85), Apogonidae (60), Blenniidae (41), Muraenidae (40), Carangidae (39), Pomacentridae (35), Lutjanidae (34), Syngnathidae (33), Epinephelidae (27), and Scorpaenidae (25). Among the Chondrichthyes, the most speciose families are Carcharhinidae (17 species) and Dasyatidae (11). The total number of endemic species in the Red Sea is 177 species, of which, 36 species are endemic to the Gulf of Aqaba and 12 to the Gulf of Suez.
In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the importance of affirmative interventions for neurodiverse individuals. However, empirical evidence regarding such interventions in ADHD remains limited, particularly within conservative-religious cultures. The present study examined the effectiveness of a culturally sensitive, online psychosocial intervention for parents and children. The intervention is grounded in a salutogenic existential approach (SEA), an integrative framework that conceptualizes ADHD as a tension between a tendency toward freedom and reality demands (necessity), and aims to enhance sense of coherence (SOC), autonomous motivation, and support for neurodivergent identity while integrating the medical model with the neurodiversity framework. The study included 427 participants from the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) community in Israel: 311 in the intervention group and 116 in the control group. The intervention group participated in a 12-session online program that combined weekly lectures and practice for parents, along with audio story episodes and a workbook for children. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention or waiting period using parent-report questionnaires: ADHD symptoms and comorbid difficulties (VADPRS), child functioning (WFIRS-P), and parental self-efficacy (TOPSE). The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms, behavioral problems, and anxiety/depression, as well as significant improvements in child functioning and parental self-efficacy. In the control group, only a minimal reduction in ADHD symptoms was observed, with no changes in the other domains. Between-group differences remained significant after controlling for background variables. The findings indicate the potential of an SEA-based intervention to improve parent and child functioning among individuals with ADHD symptoms in the UOJ community, and highlight the contribution of SEA as an integrative model for addressing ADHD.
An explicit charging scheme was added to the WRF spectral (bin) microphysics (SBM) scheme and compared with the well-tested NSSL bulk microphysics/electrification scheme. The overall approach is a hybrid one because bin-by-bin charges are integrated over the volume of each grid point and then coupled with the electric field generator and discharge scheme within the WRF-ELEC Model. The explicit charging and coupled model were used to simulate a previously studied U.S. continental squall line. Including inductive charging in addition to noninductive charging led to an increase in the relative number of positive discharges compared to negative discharges. Different aerosol concentrations were tested to assess charging sensitivity to aerosol type and size distribution. More lightning events were produced when aerosols were continental, while far less were produced with a simulation with maritime aerosols. SBM simulations produced more cloud-to-ground lightning than the NSSL bulk microphysical scheme, but the number of cloud-to-ground simulated events in both the SBM and NSSL simulations was much smaller than in observations. An SBM sensitivity test with "relaxed" charging constraints produced a greater number of cloud-to-ground events, closer to observed values. The general agreement between the SBM and NSSL in charge structure and lightning production suggests a similarly complete implementation of charge processes. Newly implemented features for both schemes are the calculation of energy discharged per lightning event and the subdivision of the time step for the sedimentation process to prevent the development of excessive electric field magnitudes on large dynamic time steps. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study advances weather research and forecasting by integrating a detailed cloud electrification mechanism into a widely used weather model. It reveals how different charging processes and aerosol pollution influence lightning intensity, frequency, and discharge energy, highlighting the role of air quality in storm electrification. The new model improves predictions of lightning patterns by considering the behavior of cloud-ice particles and their fall speeds, while more frequent calculations of lightning discharges prevent the development of excessive electric fields. Although, in this initial test, it underestimates cloud-to-ground lightning compared to observations, the model aligns well with the standard approach, suggesting consistent treatment of charge processes. These findings deepen our understanding of storm electrification and emphasize the need for further refinement to enhance lightning forecasting accuracy.
Networks of atom-centered coordination octahedra commonly occur in inorganic and hybrid solid-state materials. Characterizing their spatial arrangements and characteristics is crucial for relating structures to properties for many materials families. The traditional method using case-by-case inspection becomes prohibitive for discovering trends and similarities in large datasets. Here, we operationalize chemical intuition to automate the geometric parsing, quantification, and classification of coordination octahedral networks. We find axis-resolved tilting trends in ABO$_{3}$ perovskite polymorphs, which assist in detecting oxidation state changes. Moreover, we develop a scale-invariant encoding scheme to represent these networks, which, combined with human-assisted unsupervised machine learning, allows us to taxonomize the inorganic framework polytypes in hybrid iodoplumbates (A$_x$Pb$_y$I$_z$). Consequently, we uncover a violation of Pauling's third rule and the design principles underpinning their topological diversity. Our results offer a glimpse into the vast design space of atomic octahedral networks and inform high-throughput, targeted screening of specific structure types.
Besor 37 is an open-air site in the northwestern Negev Desert (Israel). Excavations at the site in 2020 uncovered a rich, in situ Middle Paleolithic assemblage composed of flint and limestone artifacts, animal bones and charcoal. The good preservation of the site is due to its rapid burial by overbank deposition of fluvially reworked loess. Dating using both Optically Stimulated Luminescence and 14C suggests an average age of 46.6 ± 2.4 ka. Using a macro and micro-archaeological approach, we determined the technological organization and the nature of occupation with reference to spatial patterning of the assemblages. To integrate the site into a regional perspective we used comparative data from four other Late Middle Paleolithic sites, also located in the southern Levantine desert region; Far’ah II, Rosh Ein Mor, Nahal Dimona 24 and Tor Faraj. We evaluate measures of curation, artifact density and assemblage composition to define site type and mobility system. We propose that Besor 37 represents an ephemeral residential occupation, frequented repeatedly by high mobility hunter-gatherers, possibly part of a larger seasonal, perhaps circular mobility pattern.
