Objective The Siddha medicinal system is a traditional, regionally established healthcare method that emphasizes both disease prevention and treatment. Pachai Pakku Thailam , a popular herbal oil in this tradition, has been utilized for a long time to treat non-healing ulcers. This research intends to examine the phytochemical constituents and establish an HPTLC fingerprint profile of Pachai Pakku Thailam to facilitate its standardization in Siddha medicine. Methods Pachai Pakku Thailam are analyzed phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint analysis. Silica gel 60 F 254 plates were used for chromatographic separation with toluene: ethyl acetate (93:7, v/v). Stability was evaluated by analyzing chromatographic fingerprints following three and six months of storage. Results Phytochemical compounds, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids, whereas proteins and reducing sugars were not detected. HPTLC analysis yielded a distinct chromatographic fingerprint featuring five prominent peaks at Rf values around 0.05, 0.29, 0.37, 0.60, and 0.89. Similar chromatographic patterns and consistent Rf values were noted over the six-month study duration, demonstrating adequate chemical stability and reproducibility of the formulation. Conclusion The present investigation establishes phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint for Pachai Pakku Thailam , providing scientific evidence for its quality assessment, identity verification, and stability. These findings support its future standardization as a traditional Siddha formulation. Further pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical investigations are required to correlate the chromatographic profile with therapeutic efficacy.
Parathyroid adenomas are the commonest cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, and can have varied systemic manifestations. Presentation as predominant proximal myopathy is uncommon. Most parathyroid adenomas are <1 g in weight, and those >3.5 g are called giant parathyroid adenomas and are rare. We report a patient presenting with long-standing severe muscle weakness and wasting, initially suspected to have a neuromuscular cause, who was later diagnosed to have a parathyroid adenoma. He also had clubbing—an uncommon manifestation of hyperparathyroidism. Surgical exploration revealed a giant parathyroid adenoma of the right superior gland, 3.5×2.4×1.8 cm, weighing 5.5 g, which was excised. He had an uneventful postoperative course with parathormone levels dropping from 688 to 4.1 pg/ml. On follow-up, he regained muscle strength progressively and has resumed his job. Parathyroid adenoma has to be kept in mind as a rare but potentially treatable cause of neuromyopathic conditions.
Head and neck malignancies significantly contribute to the cancer burden among women in South India mainly due to the tobacco chewing pattern prevalent in them.The use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for post surgical defect reconstruction is more challenging in them owing to their donor area anatomy. We aimed to analyse and compare the clinical profile and post operative outcome of male and female patients undergoing pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for oncological head and neck resections. We retrospectively analysed the records of male and female patients who underwent PMMC flap reconstruction in our institution during 2022-24 and assessed their outcome perioperatively and after 6 months of follow up and drew comparisons. Sixty six patients underwent PMMC flap reconstruction during the two year period. Out of them, 37 (56.1
BACKGROUND:Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury and death worldwide, accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. People who are at higher risk include those who have free accessibility to water and younger children lacking supervision. The common complications of drowning are mainly due to hypoxia. It mainly affects the respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system. Rarely, drowning may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Here, we present a case of near drowning with AKI, rhabdomyolysis, and elevated intracranial tension (ICT) with a false localizing sign (abducent nerve palsy). CASE DESCRIPTION:A 21-year-old female patient was brought with a history of alleged drowning for about 3-5 minutes. The patient presented with loss of consciousness; she was gasping and had diffuse subcutaneous emphysema. On examination, the patient had bilateral coarse crepitations. She was started on mechanical ventilation. After 2 days, the patient developed elevated renal parameters and had an episode of ventricular tachycardia. After 10 days, the patient developed diplopia and blurring of vision. Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral abducent nerve palsy with established papilledema and hemorrhagic retinopathy. The patient was treated with IV antibiotics, IV fluids, DC shock, inotropes, hemodialysis, and acetazolamide. After 15 days, the patient recovered from bilateral lateral rectus palsy and had no blurring of vision. CONCLUSION:Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death. This patient had diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, rhabdomyolysis with AKI, ventricular tachycardia, and raised ICT. In drowning, raised ICT often has a poor outcome. However, with constant monitoring and timely intervention this patient survived.
Objective To summarize and contextualize current and future perspectives in the surgical treatment of lymphedema, exploring new techniques and technologies, integrated treatment modalities, and their real-time clinical applications. Background Lymphedema is a debilitating condition caused by impaired lymphatic flow. It diminishes quality of life (QoL) and often leads to other sequential comorbidities. There is no established cure, and the optimal treatment option remains debated. Understanding current and future surgical approaches, especially the preventive and curative role at early stages, would be valuable. Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, including only high-impact systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials from the past 10 years. Results Lymphovenous anastomosis, vascularized lymph node transfer, and liposuction were among the most discussed surgical treatment options. Benefits include speedy volume reduction, greater QoL, and better wound healing. Microsurgical techniques greatly aided early-stage lymphedema. Fibrotic, irreversible lymphedema cases were better treated with reductive procedures and improved QoL. On the flip side, we are encountering limitations in standardization, resources, and the need for adjunctive conservative therapy while trying to make surgical treatment the mainstay. Technological advances like imaging and robotics, and future innovations like regenerative medicine show potential, but further high-quality, long-term studies are necessary for standardized, cost-effective, and widely accessible care. Conclusion Modern surgical treatment for lymphedema offers safer, more effective, and more individualized solutions. To make these procedures a part of mainstream, multidisciplinary care, further development must go into training, standardizing protocols, and making them accessible.
