Croatian Chamber of Economy (Croatian: Hrvatska gospodarska komora, abbreviation HGK), is a professional association of businesspeople in Croatia, and the oldest institution of its kind on the Croatian territory..
U dinamičnom poslovnom svijetu u kojem se poduzeća neprestano natječu za povjerenje potrošača, kvaliteta postaje ključni imperativ i direktno utječe na održivost, uspjeh i prepoznatljivost proizvoda kod potrošača. U prepoznavanju proizvoda i usluga koji zadovoljavaju visoke standarde kvalitete, važnu ulogu imaju znakovi kvalitete Hrvatske gospodarske komore (HGK) „Hrvatska kvaliteta“ i „Izvorno hrvatsko“. Znakovi kvalitete HGK nisu samo marketinški alati, već predstavljaju jamstvo da su proizvodi i usluge prošli neovisnu provjeru, ispunjavaju definirane kriterije izvrsnosti i pouzdana su potvrda kvalitete. Znakovi kvalitete HGK doprinose izgradnji povjerenja kod potrošača i promicanju hrvatske kvalitete na domaćem i međunarodnom tržištu te predstavljaju investiciju u budućnost hrvatskih gospodarskih subjekata i cjelokupnog hrvatskog gospodarstva. Cilj rada bio je analizirati utjecaj proizvoda i usluga koji su brendirani znakovima „Hrvatska kvaliteta“ i „Izvorno hrvatsko“ na njihovu konkurentnost i brendiranje na otvorenom tržištu. U radu je prikazan postupak dodjele znakova kvalitete HGK te opseg njihove uporabe. Metodologija rada temelji se na analizi rezultata empirijskog istraživanja koje je, na zahtjev HGK, provela neovisna specijalizirana agencija, uz primjenu metoda analize, sinteze, indukcije, dedukcije, deskripcije i ankete. Rezultati provedenog empirijskog istraživanja potvrdili su da znakovi kvalitete HGK značajno jačaju konkurentnost, brendiranje i prepoznatljivost hrvatskih proizvoda te zahtijevaju snažniju promociju kao dugoročnu investiciju.
Western Himalayan state, Himachal Pradesh is not only one of the most important global tourist destinations but known for its unique cultural distinguishableness. Though the state came into being as a part-c state of union of India on 15 of April 1948, but known for its culture and other distinguishness since ages. The state presently occupies 55673 square kms area having altitude ranging from 350 to 6975 meter above the mean sea level and house for all five agro-climatic zones. In the state, the life is being determined and shaped by different environmental aspects which further shape the culture of the area.
Introduction and aim:Inappropriate and long-term use (longer than 12 weeks) of benzodiazepines (BZD) is associated with unfavourable outcomes, especially in sensitive groups of patients such as the older adults.In order to increase patient safety and improve outcomes, deprescribing should be suggested to patients with prolonged BZD use.Primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of BZD use in older adults in Croatian primary health care.Secondary aim was to estimate the need for their deprescribing.Methods: Data for this observational, cross-sectional study were collected using structured, standardized questionnaire developed for the purpose of the EuroAgeism H2020 ESR 7 project in community pharmacies in two Croatian regions (Istria and Kvarner and City of Zagreb) between June 2019 and December 2020.To determine which patients could benefit from deprescribing BZD, four criteria for deprescribing were defined using Canadian (1), Australian (2), and Tasmanian (3) deprescribing guidelines, as well as the Summary of Product Characteristics of the drugs analysed.Results: Final analysis included 264 participants who were predominantly female (64,8%) with a mean age of 74.49 (SD=6.81)years.Each participant used on average 5.97±3.17medications with 90 of them (34.2%) using BZD.The most commonly used BZD was diazepam (n=41, 45.6%), followed by alprazolam (n=25, 27.8%).Insomnia (n=36, 40.0%), anxiety (n=26, 28.9%), and a combination of both (n=9, 10.0%) were the most common indications for BZD use.The majority of participants (n=63, 70%) used BZD for more than 12 weeks, which met the criteria for deprescribing.None of the patients used BZD for less than 12 weeks, and 30% of the patients exceeded the recommended maximum daily dosage for older adults.The results indicated that at least 75 participants (83.3%) could benefit from deprescribing BZD.Furthermore, all patients who participated in this study and used BZD should have their therapy reviewed and optimized. Conclusion:The results of this study highlight the need for the rationalization of BZD use in older adults in primary care settings.There is a necessity to raise awareness about prescribing BZD medications to older adults and educate both, doctors and pharmacists, about alternative therapeutic options.Guidelines and criteria for deprescribing can serve as useful tools in rationalizing the usage of BZD medications among older adults.
