Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a critical role in economic growth and job creation, yet achieving long-term sustainability remains challenging in increasingly competitive business environments. Drawing on the Resource-Based View and Institutional Theory, this study examines the effects of digital marketing, circular economy practices, credit facilities, inclusive partnerships, distribution strategy, pricing strategy, and innovation strategy on business competition and MSME sustainability, with business competition as a mediating variable and institutional regulation as a moderating variable. A quantitative research design using a survey was employed to collect data from 250 MSME owners and managers in East Java, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that circular economy practices, distribution strategy, and pricing strategy significantly affect business competition. Circular economy practices, inclusive partnerships, pricing strategy, and institutional regulation have significant positive effects on MSME sustainability. Business competition has a significant negative effect on MSME sustainability, suggesting that intense competitive pressure may weaken long-term business performance. In contrast, digital marketing, credit facilities, and innovation strategy have no significant effects on either business competition or MSME sustainability, while the moderating effect of institutional regulation on the relationship between business competition and MSME sustainability is not significant. Business competition also does not significantly mediate the relationships between the predictor variables and MSME sustainability. Practically, the findings suggest that MSME managers should prioritize circular economy practices, inclusive partnerships, and effective pricing strategies, while policymakers should strengthen institutional support mechanisms that directly enhance MSME sustainability.
Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan pendidikan agama Islam dalam kaitannya dengan moderasi beragama. Metode penelitian dengan kualitatif deskripstif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi dokumentasi. Pengolahan data: reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian: (1) pendidikan agama Islam: ilmu tentang ajaran agama Islam. (2) Moderasi beragama: sikap adil dan mengahrgai perbedaan agama. (3) Pendidikan agama Islam dan moderasi beragama: pembelajaran nilai Islam dalam keberagaman agama. (4) Bentuk pendidikan agama Islam dalam moderasi beragama: program pendidikan formal, kelompok diskusi, pelatihan pemimpin agama, media dan literatur agama moderat, dialog antaragama, kegiatan sosial dan kemanusiaan, layanan bimbingan agama. (5) Tantangan: pemahaman yang tidak tepat, polarisasi dan konflik, dan tantangan teknologi. Peluang: kebijakan pendidikan agama, dialog agama, kemitraan antar lembaga dan kampanye sosial. (6) Peran pendidikan agama Islam dalam moderasi beragama: Pemahaman yang Benar tentang Islam, Toleransi dan Penghargaan terhadap Perbedaan, Penekanan pada Nilai-nilai Kemanusiaan, Pencegahan Terhadap Ekstremisme, Pendidikan tentang Hak Asasi Manusia dan Kewarganegaraan.
Moderasi beragama menjadi salah satu nilai fundamental yang penting ditanamkan sejak jenjang pendidikan dasar sebagai upaya membentuk peserta didik yang memiliki sikap toleran, inklusif, serta mampu berinteraksi secara harmonis dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam mengembangkan karakter moderasi beragama pada peserta didik muslim di SDN 1 Balun Turi Lamongan yang berada di lingkungan masyarakat multireligius. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan kepala sekolah, guru Pendidikan Agama Islam, serta peserta didik. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pendidikan Agama Islam memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam membentuk karakter moderasi beragama melalui pengintegrasian nilai-nilai moderasi ke dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, pemberian keteladanan oleh guru, pembiasaan budaya sekolah yang positif, serta dukungan lingkungan sosial yang kondusif. Penerapan berbagai strategi tersebut berhasil menumbuhkan karakter peserta didik yang menghargai keberagaman, menjunjung tinggi toleransi, mampu bekerja sama, bersikap adil, memiliki kepedulian sosial, serta menyelesaikan perbedaan secara damai. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi antara pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, budaya sekolah, keteladanan pendidik, dan lingkungan masyarakat yang multireligius mampu menciptakan ekosistem pendidikan yang efektif dalam menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan dalam pengembangan model pendidikan karakter moderasi beragama pada tingkat sekolah dasar, terutama di lingkungan pendidikan yang memiliki keberagaman agama dan budaya.
The practice of kawin tangkap (forced abduction marriage) among the Sumbanese people, as portrayed in Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam, represents the struggles of women under patriarchal culture that warrant serious academic inquiry. This study aims to describe the representation of women's roles in the novel, identify its similarities with the concept of women as formulated by Pudjiwati Sajogyo and Gayle Rubin, and explain the differences between them. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with an American school interdisciplinary comparative literature approach through library research. The data source is the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam (Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2020), while the concepts of women according to Sajogyo (1983) and Rubin (1975) serve as the comparative framework. Data were collected through close reading and note-taking, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana with theoretical triangulation as the validity check. The findings reveal that the novel represents women's roles across five dimensions: as family members, as part of broader society, within customary frameworks, as individuals, and as agents in the struggle against injustice. The narrative affirms the patriarchal framework proposed by Sajogyo and Rubin—such as the practice of women's exchange through marriage that reinforces male dominance—while also introducing new dimensions. The novel portrays women who actively resist subordination, build solidarity among themselves, and challenge oppression through physical expression, written work, and formal legal channels. Thus, Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam not only reflects patriarchal theory but also enriches the understanding of gender resistance beyond its traditional boundaries.
This research is motivated by the complex personality of the character Vera in Pidi Baiq’s novel Jobin, which reveals the dynamics between feelings of inferiority and the drive to achieve superiority, as explained in Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology theory. The study focuses on the forms of inferiority and superiority exhibited by Vera and the interconnection between these two aspects in shaping her personality development. The research aims to describe the manifestations of Vera’s inferiority and superiority from the perspective of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. A qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach was employed. The data source is the novel Jobin by Pidi Baiq, while the research data consists of narratives, dialogue, and actions by Vera that reflect her psychological state. Data were collected through intensive reading, note-taking, and the classification of relevant excerpts, followed by analysis using a qualitative model involving data reduction, data presentation, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Vera experiences feelings of inferiority—influenced by life experiences, emotional conflicts, and social relationships—which give rise to self-doubt. However, this condition acts as a catalyst for various forms of compensation, reflected in her courage to make decisions, her adaptability, and her efforts to maintain self-esteem and develop her potential. The findings confirm that inferiority and superiority are interconnected aspects in shaping Vera’s personality development, consistent with the concepts of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology.
