Universidad del Rosario (officially in Spanish: Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario) is a Colombian university founded on Roman Catholic principles, in 1653 by Fray Cristobal de Torres. Located in Bogotá, due to its important place in Colombian history, it is known as "the Cradle of the Republic". Most faculties reside at the Cloister, the main campus located in the historic-geographical centre of Bogotá. It also included a private all-male traditional primary and secondary school until 2008. Nowadays the institution is based on secular ideas and remains very influential in Colombian culture and public life. At least 28 of Colombia's Presidents have been students of this university. It has influenced and participated in very important transitional processes like the revolution for the independence from Spain and the drafting of the Political National Constitution of 1991. One of the most important 1886 Constitution's Supreme Court (1936), the so-called golden court, was composed in its majority by lawyers from the Faculty of Jurisprudence.
This study assesses the Sit-To-Stand (STS) power across different age groups, and revises the biomechanical basis of existing power equations. Cross-sectional data from 159 Argentinian individuals (18 to 90 years) were analyzed, including 5 repetitions STS, ultrasonography, handgrip and leg press tests. Regression analysis and statistical hypothesis tests where used to find correlations and differences within obtained data. A large correlation ( r=0.976 ) was observed between average power and root mean squared (RMS) power, suggesting that existing mean power equations are clinically sufficient, as inertial effects are negligible. STS power peaked at approximately ( 36± 15 ) years, followed by a decline. The strongest correlations were found for peak leg press force ( r=0.678 ) and leg press rate of force development ( r=0.691 ). STS power correlated significantly with handgrip strength but not with the echogenicity index, highlighting the clinical relevance of separately evaluating each of these indicators.
In this article, we explore the legal and policy reforms that the current government of Colombia is pursuing to recognize and valorize the contribution that workers from popular economies make to socioeconomic well-being. In particular, we analyze important claims these workers have made about the value-producing quality of their labors, before then assessing Colombian government policy responses advanced through institutional measures. Throughout, our attention is on surfacing the potential and limitations of legal arrangements that purport to valorize non-wage-labor contributions to socioeconomic well-being. We offer this analysis as a distinct contribution to the work of evaluating techniques for pluralizing social reproduction approaches, with a focus on law. We also contribute to the literature on law and social reproduction by exploring the constitutive role law plays in, and therefore its potential to affect, processes of value-making.
La mutilación genital femenina (MGF) en Colombia y el mundo se ha convertido en un tema de gran relevancia política, jurídica y social. En el país, afecta principalmente a comunidades indígenas como los emberá chamí y katío, y ha suscitado un amplio debate en el Congreso de la República. Esta práctica se ubica en la tensión entre laprotección de los derechos fundamentales de niñas y mujeres y el respeto a la diversidad cultural y la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas. El análisis de la MGF permite comprenderla como una práctica profundamente arraigada en estructuras patriarcales, coloniales y capitalistas, en las cuales los cuerpos femeninos han sido históricamente utilizados como instrumentos de control. En este contexto, las propuestas legislativas actuales se enfrentan al desafío de evitar que los enfoques punitivos, inspirados en visiones occidentales, generen efectos contraproducentes, como la criminalización de mujeres dentro las mismas comunidades (parteras, abuelas o lideresas) o el aislamiento de los pueblos indígenas. Asimismo, la aplicación de marcos normativos existentes, como la Ley 1257 del 2008, resulta insuficiente, pues fueron diseñados para contextos urbanos y de violencia intrafamiliar, sin considerar la dimensión cultural y simbólica de la MGF en comunidades indígenas. Frente a ello, se propone construir un enfoque alternativo basado en la interculturalidad y la consulta previa, que permita la participación de las comunidades en la creación de políticas públicas. La legislación debe reconocer la pluralidad de significados que tiene la práctica y propiciar un diálogo horizontal que traduzca las medidas de protección en términos compatibles con las cosmovisiones indígenas. En conclusión, la discusión sobre la MGF en Colombia trasciende el ámbito de la salud o la violencia de género: representa una oportunidad para repensar la relación entre derechos humanos, diversidad cultural y soberanía estatal, avanzando hacia políticas descolonizadas e interculturales que protejan efectivamente a niñas y mujeres sinvulnerar la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas.
Soils harbor more than half of Earth's biodiversity, with soil fauna representing one of the most diverse groups. However, understanding the drivers influencing their biodiversity remains limited. Upper Andean tropical forests are among Earth's most biodiverse ecosystems, but have undergone large-scale historical transformations, resulting in landscapes with different forest successional stages. In this study, we aimed to analyze soil fauna communities along a successional gradient in Colombia's Eastern Andean forests and identify key microclimatic, soil, and forest structural drivers. We collected soil fauna from 168 samples (30x30x5 cm), in dry and wet seasons, in 14 permanent plots (20x20 m) located in four sites. Data on microclimate, nutrients, productivity, plant diversity, and litter functional richness were gathered from these permanent plots. We observed significant soil fauna biodiversity turnover among Andean montane forest sites, mirroring the distinctive floristic composition between them. We also found that soil fauna richness and abundance increased with succession, attributed to higher productivity and more suitable microclimatic conditions in old-growth forests. Our findings suggest that the primary driver of soil fauna richness in tropical mountain Andean forests is the amount of energy (i.e, forest productivity), while soil fauna abundance is mainly influenced by thermal conditions. Additionally, factors framed within the physiological tolerance hypothesis (i.e., calcium, aluminum) and within the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis (i.e., litter functional richness, plant diversity) also play a role, albeit to a lesser extent. This study emphasizes the importance of examining forest recovery including soil fauna groups to understand successional patterns in tropical mountain forests.
The concept of Granger causality is an important tool in applied macroeconomics. Recursive econometric methods to analyze the temporal stability of Granger-causal relationships have recently been developed. These recursive procedures are used to re-evaluate the temporal stability of Granger causality between US industrial production and three macroeconomic variables. There appears to be significant evidence of temporal variation in the causal relationships. A clear pattern that emerges from the results is that the causal channels from all three variables to industrial production appear to be very strong in the latter part of the sample period.
