Diamond Harbour Women's University

The fabrication of virgin and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with CdFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing Glossy Privet bark extract is presented here. In order to investigate the structural, vibrational, optical, and morphological information, the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques. Using Tauc's formula, the band gap values have been determined. The methyl green (MG) cationic dye is degraded effectively by both photocatalysts. To verify the MG dye degradation percentage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) study using both photocatalyst materials has been examined. The antibacterial study was conducted using two samples of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in order to determine the antibacterial capability. The electrochemical performance of CdFe2O4-rGO was also compared with its individual components, CdFe2O4 and rGO, using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses. At a fixed current density, the composite demonstrated a remarkable specific capacitance, which is significantly higher than that of pristine CdFe2O4 and rGO. The CdFe2O4-rGO electrode showed excellent rate capability and good cycling stability with efficient capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. CV and Dunn's analysis confirmed a mixed charge storage mechanism with increasing capacitive contribution at higher scan rates. These results indicate that CdFe2O4-rGO is a promising material for high-performance energy storage applications.

We present a general open-quantum-system framework to model decoherence induced by stochastic Planck-scale fluctuations of spacetime, focusing on the κ-Minkowski noncommutative geometry as a representative quantum gravity scenario. Treating the deformation parameter as Gaussian white noise, we derive a Lindblad-type master equation applicable to arbitrary quantum systems and obtain a distinctive inverse-energy scaling of the decoherence rate, Γ∝E^{−4}. As an illustrative example, we analyze a three-level system motivated by neutrino flavor oscillations and derive closed-form expressions for survival and transition probabilities with spacetime-induced damping. The E^{−4} scaling contrasts sharply with the positive power laws often invoked in quantum gravity phenomenology and predicts negligible decoherence for high-energy neutrinos—consistent with IceCube observations—while implying that the strongest effects arise in the extreme low-energy regime. In this context, the sub-eV-scale energies characteristic of the cosmic neutrino background provide a natural infrared benchmark for illustrating the enhanced sensitivity to quantum spacetime fluctuations. Our results establish a unified formalism connecting quantum information methods, open-system dynamics, and quantum spacetime phenomenology, thereby offering a framework for exploring potential signatures of Planck-scale physics in future low-energy neutrino studies.

A new picrate salt of nitrogen-rich 4-(2-aminomethyl)pyridinium (PA_4AP) has been successfully crystallized in 2:1 stoichiometry confirming the acid-base proton-transfer. The crystal lattice is marked by H-bond and it-stacking interactions leading to a supramolecular architecture where picrate anions are sandwiched in between the 4-(2-aminomethyl)pyridinium (4AP) cations. Characterization techniques like elemental analysis, PXRD, UVvis, FT-IR, ESI-MS and 1H/13C-NMR spectroscopy have proved the crystallinity and purity of the complex salt. Then, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of picric acid (HPA) and PA_4AP has been investigated in DMF solution by irradiating 532 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser. The open aperture Z-scan curves indicate nonlinear absorption (NLA) behaviour in both the samples. The normalized transmittance (NT) dropped from 100% to 84% and 78% in PA and PA_4AP, respectively, indicating optical limiting (OL) response from both the samples. The NLA coefficient, ss (1.5 x 10- 11 m/W) and OL threshold (1.5 x 1013 W/m2) of PA_4AP was found to be higher than the values of HPA, suggesting hydrogen-bonding mediated NLO behaviour marked by reverse saturable absorption mechanisms. DFT calculations performed on optimized HPA and PA_4AP structures in comparison to the crystallographic structure of PA_4AP theoretically predict the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap (1.574 eV), the highest electrophilicity (19.203 eV), and the lowest chemical hardness (0.787 eV) for the crystallographic PA_4AP species compared to the other systems. The experimental results confirm the superior third-order NLO performance of the PA_4AP material driven by hydrogen bond interactions in the supramolecular scaffold.

In the context of functions between metric spaces, we introduce a new class of functions which we called Cauchy approachable function which happens to lie between the classes of continuous functions and Cauchy regular functions. A significant characteristic of these functions is that they preserve Cauchy connectedness, despite being a weaker form of Cauchy regularity. We say that a metric space (X, d) is a Cauchy approachable space if every real-valued continuous function on X is Cauchy approachable. Furthermore, by utilizing the concept of Cauchy approachable spaces, we are able to obtain a partial answer to an open question namely, [Question 14.4] posed in [3], in the summary of the last section.

This article critically examines the post-2024 election trajectories in West Bengal, culminating in the recently concluded 2026 Assembly election results. Moving beyond the welfare pragmatism emphasised in contemporary scholarship, this study utilises Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulacra to reframe welfarism not as a material redistributive mechanism, but as a simulated framework of affective governance. This article argues that the Trinamool Congress (TMC) constructed a hyperreal welfare state within a regional framework. The artcile. however, shows that this did not block the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) but normalised the wider terrain within which cultural Hindutva was able to grow. The analysis traces how the 2024 results laid the ideological groundwork for the 2026 Assembly elections. Ultimately, the 2026 verdict, characterised by a BJP victory, reveals a total discursive shift where political Hindutva has successfully synthesised regional Asmita. The article identifies the BJP's pre-poll promise of Annapurna Bhandar as the definitive sublimation of the simulation. Rather than dismantling the hyperreal welfare state, the new regime has refined the regional 'sign of care' into a more state-sanctioned hegemony. This transition confirms that sub-nationalist counter-simulation was not a barrier but a necessary precursor for integrating affective welfarism into political Hindutva.