Erzurum Technical University (Turkish: Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi, ETÜ) is a public university located in Erzurum, Turkey. It was founded in 2010 as one of the six technical universities in Turkey. The university consists of 6 faculties, 1 graduate school and 3 institutes. The undergraduate and graduate education have started in 2012, and the number of undergraduate and graduate students is over 1,000 in 2013. Erzurum Technical University aims to become a research hub in the region..
Caloric cooling technologies are compared at field amplitudes that are not thermodynamically equivalent. A field agnostic active regenerator framework represents one benchmark material per family, gadolinium, NiTi, a PMN-PT capacitor and neopentylglycol, by entropy tables s(T,X) and compares them on a common specific work axis. Verification covers a single blow solution, the effectiveness limit, grid convergence and Gouy Stodola closure. Against 83 points of a 13 bed rotary gadolinium device the magnetic power is reproduced with 15.7% RMSE but the cooling power is not validated; a regenerative NiTi heat pump is reproduced at eight operating points within 8.7% RMSE in span and 5.7% in heating power with the elastocaloric layer anchored on the plate calorimetry of that device and boundary conditions set from its own data; the electrocaloric and barocaloric layers carry material level anchors only. At a 10 K span the regenerator level second law efficiencies are 33.0% for gadolinium, 8.8% for NiTi, 1.1% for neopentylglycol and 14.7% for a low hysteresis perovskite; carrying the loss of the coldest measured loop into the room temperature window removes the net cooling of the PMN-PT capacitor. A device boundary with drive and recovery efficiencies lowers these to 28.1%, 7.5%, 0.69% and 7.5%, and none for the capacitor. Sobol indices confirm that transition temperature placement dominates the gadolinium uncertainty budget. At consistent boundaries the layered gadolinium system reaches 71% to 78% of a compressor level vapor compression baseline in four climates and 46% in Phoenix.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that rapidly develops resistance to standard clinical therapies. The tumor microenvironment of GBM is highly hostile, characterized by hypoxia, elevated reactive oxygen species, and severe metabolic stress. These conditions promote protein misfolding, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby triggering ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive signaling pathway that mitigates ER stress, restores proteostasis, and promotes cellular survival. Activation of UPR signaling provides a survival advantage to GBM cells under these adverse conditions. This signaling is closely associated with drug resistance and malignant progression in GBM. Furthermore, inhibition of UPR sensors exhibits anticancer effects, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in GBM. This review describes the biological functions of UPR sensors and their roles in GBM pathogenesis and treatment response.
In August 2024, access to Instagram was restricted in Türkiye. Although social media bans have drawn increasing attention, their psychological impact on users remains largely unexplored. This study examines the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) during the ban, with a specific focus on the psychosocial profiles of Instagram users. A total of 280 participants (ages 18–45) from 55 provinces in Türkiye were categorized into high- and low-risk groups through cluster analysis based on their levels of excessive social media use, FoMO, loneliness, and well-being. Chi-square tests showed that high-risk males were significantly more likely to use VPNs. The findings suggest that male and female users responded differently to the restrictions. These differences may be linked to underlying psychological factors such as FoMO, loneliness, and well-being.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to neurological complications through multiple pathways. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra, SN) is rich in bioactive compounds with potential neuroprotective properties. This study sought to evaluate the neural-protective potential of SN extract in STZ-diabetic rats using an integrated molecular, biochemical, and histomorphological approach. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): control (C; 0.9
The choice of metal dopant strongly influences the structural and tribomechanical performance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. In this study, two graded Ti-based architectures—Ti-TiC-TiZrC-a:C and Ti-TiC-TiZrC-TiZrCN-a:C—were deposited on AISI M2 tool steel by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering with pulsed-dc biasing to clarify the effects of Zr and nitrogen incorporation. SEM observations revealed dense-graded morphologies with thicknesses of approximately 2 μm and 3 μm, respectively. XRD confirmed the formation of TiC and TiZrC phases in both coatings, with additional TiZrCN reflections in the nitrogen-containing system. Both coatings significantly increased hardness relative to the substrate, reaching 1280 ± 25 and 1300 ± 28 HK0.01, respectively; however, statistical analysis (p ≈ 0.27) indicated no significant difference between them. Tribological testing showed that the Ti-TiC-TiZrC-a:C coating exhibited superior balance, with lower friction (0.090), a lower wear rate ((1.21 ± 0.03) × 10−5 mm3/N·m), and a higher critical load (47 N). Nitrogen incorporation altered the phase constitution and stress state but did not enhance overall tribological performance. The results show that interlayer architecture and stress control are more decisive than compositional complexity in optimizing graded Ti-based DLC coatings.
