黑海技术大学

In terms of energy efficiency, the utilization of phase change materials has been proven to be a viable approach for lowering energy usage while maintaining indoor thermal comfort. Nevertheless, PCM leakage during melting is a major challenge for effective functioning. Therefore, traditional supporting materials for shape-stabilized PCMs (ssPCMs), such as expanded perlite, vermiculite, pumice, and zeolite, have significant limitations. Natural resources typically have low impregnation ratios, which limits their practical performance. Biochar, on the other hand, is created from a variety of waste resources. This provides a sustainable and highly efficient alternative support for PCMs. The porous structure, significant surface area (up to 2000 m2/g), and surface functional groups of biochar allow it to encapsulate significant amounts of PCMs without leakage. Furthermore, its production promotes circular economy concepts via carbon sequestration and waste valorization. The present review addresses biochar-based ssPCMs and their use in buildings. We investigate biochar manufacturing methods, modification approaches, and PCM impregnation to improve thermal and structural characteristics. The utilization of these composites in buildings is also reviewed, including their effects on compressive strength, thermal performance, and economic and environmental impact. The overall review concludes by summarizing the key findings and offering recommendations for future studies toward more effective advancements and scalable approaches.

The International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) has globally influenced land administration through its Cadastre 2014 vision and subsequent LADM standards. T & uuml;rkiye has been modernizing its land registry and cadastre system accordingly. The General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC) manages approximately 17 million annual transactions, including about 3.4 million conveyancing (long-term averages). To reduce congestion in Land Registry Offices (LROs), notaries were authorized to issue sales contracts in June 2022. This study investigates the effects of this change within the Cadastre 2014/2034 framework in terms of the maturity of the Turkish Land Administration System (LAS) and also by linking the issue to broader debates within land management and governance. A survey of 140 GDLRC experts revealed that notary involvement currently offers limited time and financial benefits to citizens and does not significantly reduce LRO workload. The central factor for this limitation is evaluated to be the maturity of Turkish LAS. On the other hand, the initiative aligns with Cadastre 2014's fifth statement, which advocates public-private collaboration, and therefore it should be further evolved. Within this evolution, administrative/managerial fixes and training programmes for notaries in the short term, management of all internal and external RRRs via LAS as a spatial data infrastructure service in line with LADM standards in the medium term, and betterment of institutional coordination, public responsibility development and capacity building in the long term are proposed for a better eventual land administration and management towards local and national good land governance.

Background/Aim: Nutritional care also encompasses the evidence-based care of enteral and parenteral nutrition access routes and patient/caregiver education, aiming to minimize nutrition-related complications and optimize outcomes. Turkish Enteral Parenteral Nutrition Society (KEPAN) aimed to develop a consensus report to provide concise, clear, and practical recommendations for all healthcare givers to improve the care of nutritional access routes and ensure safety. Methods: This consensus report was developed by a 12-member working group through a five-phase process conducted over 18 mo (February 2024 to August 2025), involving 6 face-to-face and 18 online meetings. Eighteen questions were identified across 4 sections: 1) Safety of the patient and caregiver and ensuring standard patient care, 2) Care of access routes in enteral nutrition, 3) Care of access routes in parenteral nutrition, and 4) Patient/caregiver education. Recommendations and comments were developed through a systematic literature review, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials published after 2010 in the EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Finally, the recommendations were sent to KEPAN extended consensus group, comprising 43 members, using a Delphi methodology. All 18 recommendations were accepted in the first Delphi round, with no items rejected; only minor comments were raised during the first and second rounds. The final report was approved by all 43 panelists without further revision. Results: The consensus report emphasizes standardized protocols and patient safety practices in nutritional care. Key recommendations address safe management of nutritional access routes, including feeding tube positioning and patency, gastrostomy/jejunostomy and catheter/port care, prevention and management of access-related complications, safe medication administration, and structured patient/caregiver education for home nutritional therapy. Conclusions: This consensus report offers a practical and standardized reference for healthcare professionals involved in clinical nutritional therapy. These recommendations are intended to complement international guidelines and to be applied in consideration of individual patient characteristics, available resources, and local clinical practices. (c) 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are emerging inorganic pollutants because of their technological use and release into remote marine environments. However, their occurrence, distribution, and ecological significance in Antarctic waters remain poorly understood, and existing risk indices have not been adapted for CRMs in these systems. This study investigated selected CRMs in surface waters collected from 21 stations across the Antarctic Peninsula and Horseshoe Island during three consecutive Turkish Antarctic Expeditions (2023–2025). Trace and ultra-trace concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry under contamination-controlled conditions. CRM distributions were heterogeneous: B, Ga, Li, Nd, and Ti were detected at all stations; Ce, Gd, Ge, La, Pd, and Pt remained below detection limits; and Y exhibited a more localised abundance. To complement concentration-based analysis, normalised contamination indices were integrated with CRM-specific response coefficients in a recalibrated potential ecological risk index (r-PERI) adapted to Antarctic surface waters. The r-PERI values ranged from 35 to 104 across years and stations, indicating very low-to-low relative ecological prioritisation. By integrating element-specific occurrence, release-related weighting, and experimentally informed toxicity responses, r-PERI provides a structured approach to comparing the relative ecological significance of CRMs under data-limited polar conditions. Because the toxicity coefficients are experimental and the normalisation baseline is internal to this dataset, r-PERI should be interpreted as a screening-level, dataset-specific prioritisation rather than a definitive ecological-hazard assessment. This study establishes the first multi-year baseline for CRM occurrence in Antarctic Peninsula surface waters and introduces an r-PERI approach for future assessments in vulnerable polar marine ecosystems.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) increasingly requires integrated first- and last-mile mobility solutions that connect public transport with neighbourhood accessibility, intermodal transfers, and user-oriented policies. Micro-mobility offers a complementary option, but its integration calls for choices among competing public interventions. This study combines Intuitionistic Fuzzy Indifference Threshold-Based Attribute Ratio Analysis (IF-ITARA) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (IF-MARCOS) to assess five policies against ten criteria using the judgments of ten experts in Istanbul, Türkiye. Environmental Impact (0.1325), User Safety and Security (0.1266), and Operational Flexibility (0.1223) receive the largest criterion weights. Integration and Digitalization Policies (A5) ranks first, followed by Regulatory and Legal Reforms (A3), Economic Incentives and Subsidies (A4), Education and Awareness Campaigns (A1), and Infrastructure Investments (A2). A comparison with CRITIC and Entropy, parameter-based sensitivity tests, and a leave-one-expert-out analysis clarify the stability and limits of the policy ordering. The findings inform micro-mobility policy appraisal and intermodal transport management in TOD contexts.