Soybean molasses is a by-product of soybean processing that contains major carbohydrates such as raffinose, stachyose, and sucrose, which can be utilized through microbial fermentation. Among various species of Lactic Acid Bacteria screened from the Dairy Industrial Culture Collection (DICC) at Northeast Agricultural University, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei showed superior growth and acidification performance, demonstrating higher efficiency and stronger capability in carbohydrate utilization. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of L. paracasei to metabolize the major carbohydrates in soybean molasses through phenotypic characterization and genomic analysis, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Two strains, L. paracasei KLDS 74 and KLDS 82, which exhibited significant differences in growth and carbohydrate consumption, were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Functional annotation of genes was performed using multiple bioinformatics databases. We focused particularly on α-galactosidase, a key enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in soybean molasses. Both strains were found to produce α-galactosidase, but differences were observed in the number of genes encoding the enzyme and its enzymatic activity—the maximum activity in L. paracasei KLDS 74 was approximately twice that of KLDS 82. Further analysis via real-time PCR confirmed that variations in the expression of key α-galactosidase genes contribute significantly to the differential metabolic performance between the two strains. This study highlights the intraspecies diversity in soybean molasses metabolism within L. paracasei and reveals the genetic and enzymatic basis for these differences, providing a foundation for the strain-specific application in fermentation processes and suggesting directions for future optimization.
The edible part of the soft-shell clam contains a lot of protein and little fat, which makes it a good source of protein. We studied the chemical composition and nutritional value of the edible part of the soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758) living in the waters of the Kandalaksha Bay. Capillary electrophoresis was used to analyze the amino acid profile for its protein. The protein-water ratio of 17.81% and the protein-water-fat ratio of 17.69% classify soft-shell clams as a medium-protein, low-fat raw material with a high potential for food purposes. It had limiting amino acids (methionine and cysteine totaling 75.93%) and a high content of essential amino acids (valine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and threonine, scoring over 100% each). The biological value of the protein was 72.34%, with a coefficient of difference between amino acid scores of 27.66%. The edible part of the soft-shell clam proved hygienically safe. Nitrosamines, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and salts of heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury) did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations established for food products. The degree of protein digestibility was 46.8% for the edible part of the soft-shell clam frozen for 6 months at-18 degrees C and slowly air-defrosted. Based on our results, soft-shell clams can be considered an excellent and safe source of high-quality protein and therefore be used in functional food technologies after further studies.
The purpose of the research is to characterize histopathological changes in the cecal wall of horses naturally infected with cyathostomes (small strongyles).Materials and methods. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on material from three 12-month-old meet horses naturally infected with cyathostomes. After slaughter, a partial dissection was performed with visual assessment and cecal tissue sampling. The number of encysted larvae per 1 cm² of the mucosa was counted. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined using light microscopy with a morphometric analysis of cysts, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrotic changes.Results and discussion. Larvae form cysts (on average, 6 specimens/cm²) in the submucosa and mucosa of the cecum. A histological examination of the cecal samples revealed a wide range of tissue reactions ranging from acute inflammatory changes to severe chronic remodeling. Early lesions included swollen mucosa, epithelial desquamation, and eosinophiliclymphocytic infiltration around thin-walled mucosal cysts. Chronic changes were characterized by formed dense fibrous capsules (up to 335.9 μm), proliferated fibroblasts, increased angiogenesis, and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia, which reflects a prolonged antigen stimulation. The heterogeneity of the cyst structure indicates the simultaneous presence of acute and chronic lesions within a single section of the cecal wall. The obtained data can be used in a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory, fibrotic, and vascular changes to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, improve diagnostic criteria, and evaluate the efficacy of antiparasitic therapy.
в работе рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся аграрного сектора Сахалинской области, ассоциирующейся с нефтегазовыми мегапроектами, рыбным промыслом и портовой логистикой. Сельское хозяйство напрямую определяет, что окажется на полках местных магазинов и по какой цене. Географическая изоляция, непростой климат и многолетняя привычка рассчитывать на привозное продовольствие долго сдерживали аграрный сектор Сахалинской области. На сегодняшний день картина меняется: регион целенаправленно идёт к самообеспечению по ключевым продуктам, опираясь на господдержку, новые технологии и бережное отношение к земельным ресурсам. В Сахалинской области активно развивается как растениеводство, так и животноводство. В исследовании рассматриваются проблемы землепользования, состоящие в недоиспользовании земельного фонда, а также малоземелье. Цель статьи – исследовать потенциал сельского хозяйства, в первую очередь земельный, и его роль в развитии аграрного сектора Сахалинской области. Гипотеза статьи состоит в том, что, развивая аграрный сектор экономики, Сахалинская область будет активно решать проблему продовольственной безопасности, а это будет благоприятно сказываться на социально-экономическом развитии региона. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при реализации государственной политики в регионе. the paper discusses issues related to the agricultural sector in the Sakhalin Region, which is associated with oil and gas mega-projects, fishing, and port logistics. Agriculture directly determines what will be available on the shelves of local stores and at what prices. The region's geographical isolation, challenging climate, and long-standing reliance on imported food have long hindered the development of the agricultural sector in the Sakhalin Region. However, the situation is changing as the region aims to achieve self-sufficiency in key products through government support, innovative technologies, and sustainable land management practices. Both crop production and livestock farming are actively developing in the Sakhalin Region. The study examines the problems of land use, which include underutilization of the land fund and land scarcity. The purpose of the article is to explore the potential of agriculture, primarily land-based agriculture, and its role in the development of the agricultural sector in the Sakhalin Region. The hypothesis of the article is that by developing the agricultural sector of the economy, the Sakhalin Region will actively address the issue of food security, which will have a positive impact on the socio-economic development of the region. The results of the study can be used in the implementation of state policy in the region.
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of (255 ± 5) nm on the dentin structure of the root canal of rat teeth. Objectives: to identify the level of treatment of the orifice third of the root canal using an electron scan of the tooth cross-section, the morphological structure of its walls and the degree of obturation of the dentinal tubules with detritus; to identify the level of treatment of the middle third of the root canal using an electron scan of the tooth cross-section, the morphological structure of its walls and the degree of obturation of the dentinal tubules with detritus; to assess the level of treatment of the apical third of the tooth root using an electron scan of the tooth cross-section, the morphological structure of its walls and the degree of obturation of the dentinal tubules with detritus. During the experimental study, the effect of ultraviolet radiation ((255 ± 5) nm) on the dentin structure of the root canals in laboratory rats was analyzed. The morphological evaluation included an analysis of the histoarchitecture of root dentin, detection of organic inclusions within the canal lumen, qualitative treatment characteristics, and wall surface topography. The study was conducted on 45 mature CD individuals, divided into three equal groups, using first lower molars (two teeth from each individual). Comparative electron microscopic analysis of root sections revealed superior cleaning efficiency of the root canal system when using additional physical factors – a diode laser (980 nm) and ultraviolet radiation (255 ± 5 nm) – in both the lumen and parietal aspects. These techniques ensure optimal removal of the smear layer while maintaining the structural integrity of the root dentin.
