The article is devoted to the analysis of the Soviet healthcare system formation in the Far East in 1922–1925. The research covers key challenges encountered by the new authorities: post-war devastation, acute labor shortage, chronic under-funding, and disorganization of the inherited medical infrastructure. The article outlines creation and functioning of the Far Eastern Health Department (Dalzdrav), its interaction with central and local authorities, as well as measures taken to restore the medical infrastructure. Furthermore, its predecessors are examined – the Ministry of Healthcare and the General Directorate of Healthcare of the Far Eastern Republic. The study details measures to establish a managerial hierarchy, as well as to arrange a system of reporting and coordinating with the local authorities. The research demonstrates budget allocations dynamics and expenditures structure. The comparative analysis is presented of the medical infrastructure in the Far Eastern Oblast from 1924 to 1925, which allowed us to reveal a structural imbalance between urban and rural healthcare bodies. The author highlights measures taken by the authorities to overcome the accumulated wartime difficulties with regard to medical personnel, and equipping the inpatient and outpatient facilities. A specific focus in the article is made on preventive medicine development, in particular, on creation of the Far Eastern Resort Administration (Dalkurupr) and development of the then-potentially profitable health resorts Sadgorod and Kuldur. Drawn on archival materials introduced into the scholarly discourse for the first time, the article shows the laying down of the foundations for the unified healthcare system in the region and the beginning of the medical facilities network restoration.
Background. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies open new opportunities for foreign language teaching by providing personalized approach, adaptability, and immediate feedback. However, methodological issues of structured interaction with AI remain insufficiently developed, hindering the productive use of these tools in educational practice. Purpose. To test the developed algorithm for modeling educational dialogues with AI and to evaluate its impact on students' comfort, motivation, and readiness for communicative practice with AI. Materials and methods. The theoretical framework was based on contemporary research on AI integration in foreign language teaching. The empirical part included a formative experiment involving control and experimental groups (n = 71; EG = 35, CG = 36). Data were collected through questionnaires at the diagnostic and control stages. Data analysis included statistical methods and content analysis of open-ended responses. Results. The diagnostic stage revealed a significant contradiction: despite a moderately high level of trust in AI technologies and their regular use for academic tasks, the majority of students (66.2%) did not employ dialogue systems for developing communicative skills. Analysis of initial interaction experience with large language models (GPT, DeepSeek, GigaChat) for language learning purposes showed that only one-third of participants were able to maintain a meaningful dialogue and achieve their communicative goals. The application of the developed prompt construction algorithm allowed overcoming these limitations by ensuring dialogue controllability and reproducibility of communicative practice conditions. Comparative analysis following the experiment demonstrated statistically significant advantages of the experimental group in terms of communication comfort, dialogue effectiveness, and motivation. The transformation of barrier structures for foreign language practice indicates the removal of psychological difficulties and the development of students' understanding of productive technology use. The study confirmed that AI effectiveness in language education is determined by the quality of pedagogical support.
This article examines the impact of corporate culture on the organizational performance of a large transportation company, using the example of the Far Eastern Infrastructure Directorate of Russian Railways. Amid the digital transformation of the transportation industry and increasing competition in the labor market, corporate culture is becoming a strategic management tool, determining a company’s ability to adapt and develop innovatively. This issue is particularly significant for large infrastructure organizations, where established hierarchical management models may conflict with the objectives of technological modernization.
Design options for bridles are considered in order to increase the ballasting efficiency of oil and gas pipelines. The main method of laying main oil pipelines is underground, which can lead to displacing pipelines by groundwater to the surface due to the low density of the pumped medium. To prevent its ascent, the pipeline is ballasted, for example, with cast-iron ring weights. The tasks of this study are to conduct the analysis of variable designs of a bridle with a variable number of simultaneously movable half-rings and a variable position of the suspension points by evaluating its stress-strain state using computer modeling methods. To solve these tasks, technologies and tools for building 3D models of structures and calculating the stress-strain state of FreeCAD program are used. Double tee designs with adjustable clips and a combined bridle of variable length, a combined bridle with adjustable clips and a telescopic one are proposed, and options for their use for different loads are considered. Various structures are analyzed technologically for the ability to withstand loads from UCK-1420 ballasting devices; options for upgrading the bridle design are proposed, and the shape of its optimal cross-section is substantiated. The prospects for further research lie in optimizing the bridle designs for other ballasting devices, which differ in type, weight and location of the transported loads. The proposed technique and the obtained results of the engineering analysis of the bridle during pipeline ballasting can be used in carrying out lifting and transport operations for any purpose.
