St. Petersburg State Transport University

The results of studying the phase-structural transformations on the surface of piezoelectric ceramics of the lead zirconate titanate system under repeated dosed plasma exposure to enhance the resistance to extreme heat loads is presented. The formation of lead-free modified subsurface layer containing ZrTiO4 nanocrystals is confirmed as a result of 10 exposure cycles with 20 MW/(m2 √s) heat load per cycle. The stabilization of the polarization properties is observed under a further increase in the heat load up to 100 exposure cycles.

A specialized solution is offered for analyzing documents used in corporate document management systems. Purpose: to develop and implement a RAG architecture for automated verification of corporate documents using locally deployed large language models that identify missing required fields, data format errors, and substantive contradictions in documents of transport and logistics systems. Methods: Java application was designed and implemented programmatically, integrating a text extraction module from PDF and DOCX documents based on Apache libraries, a vector storage with simplified embeddings based on frequency analysis of words, a semantic search algorithm through cosine similarity calculation and an LLM interaction client via the Ollama server API. Results: the developed system has demonstrated the ability to contextually analyze the content of documents and adaptability to variable information presentation formats, which makes it possible to overcome the limitations of traditional systems. The experimental verification was performed on a test set of corporate documents with intentionally introduced errors of various types; the effectiveness was assessed by the metrics of completeness, accuracy and their average, as well as by system response time. The llama3.2:latest model showed the best results, while completely excluding the transfer of confidential data outside the organization’s infrastructure. Practical significance: the proposed solution is applicable for automation of documentation quality control in corporate document management systems of transport enterprises, government agencies and industrial organizations. The modular architecture provides scalability to other types of documents and the ability to integrate with existing information systems at minimal cost of adaptation. Using open models and a local Ollama server reduces dependence on third-party cloud services and ensures compliance with information security requirements.

Purpose: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the Russian audit services market in the period 2021–2025, identify systemic problems in its development, and determine promising directions for state and professional policy. Methods: the study employed methods of synthesis and systematization of information, as well as comparative and structural-logical analysis to assess the institutional aspects of the functioning of self-regulatory organizations and workforce dynamics. Results: research has documented a number of persistent negative trends in the Russian audit market, including staff shortages, institutional imbalances in the activities of a single self-regulatory organization, as well as price dumping and the formation of demand for formal auditing. Practical significance: identification of key market problems and development of proposals for their solution on this basis. The recommendations formulated can be used to improve the quality of audit services in the long term.

The article is devoted to the analysis of processes involved in the formation of students’ competencies in counteracting contemporary forms of digital fraud. The paper examines the key provisions of the Strategy for Improving Financial Literacy and the related regulatory measures in the field of cybersecurity. The author explores the specific characteristics of threats targeting the youth audience, including the use of artificial intelligence technologies and involvement in dropper schemes.

Objective: to analyze the evolution of three-axle freight car bogie designs, summarize the experience of their operation in industrial transport, and critically evaluate the current regulatory framework to substantiate areas for improving testing methods for increased axle loads (up to 30 tf or more). Methods: methods of system analysis of scientific and technical literature and patent information, generalization of operational data, analytical modeling of bogie element loading, and a comparative analysis of regulatory requirements were used. Results: it was revealed that the main fleet of three-axle bogies is operated on industrial transport tracks under conditions significantly different from main roads (heavy profile (long slopes, small-radius curves, variable profile), cyclic impact loads during loading and unloading, aggravated by the absence or poor condition of the ballast layer on temporary tracks, which leads to the transfer of unabsorbed dynamic effects to the chassis). It was found that 77.8 % of failures are associated with design imperfections. It is shown that the current system of GOSTs is oriented primarily towards public tracks and does not take into account the specifics of industrial conditions. Analytical relationships are proposed for estimating additional frame forces in small-radius curves and for adjusting equivalent loads during fatigue testing, taking into account actual loading spectra. Specific areas for improving the regulatory framework are identified (introduction of correction factors, mandatory use of wear-resistant center plate components, requirements for test rigs, and development of load spectra). Practical importance: the need to adjust the regulatory framework and certification test methods for three-axle bogies for industrial transport conditions is substantiated. The goals and objectivesof further research aimed at developing scientifically sound calculation and test rig methods are formulated,thereby improving the reliability and safety of heavy-duty rolling stock.