This paper examines money laundering with emphasis on the extraterritorial regime established by art. 243 para. (4) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. Against the backdrop of intensifying cross-border financial crime, the national framework seeks to extend criminal jurisdiction to prevent impunity and strengthen anti-money laundering measures. The study compares domestic provisions with international instruments, including Directive (EU) 2018/1673, the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the Council of Europe Warsaw Convention on laundering, confiscation, and terrorist financing. The objective is to assess whether the Moldovan regime adequately addresses transnational laundering schemes while ensuring compliance with international standards. Methodologically, the research combines doctrinal and comparative analysis of UNCAC, the Warsaw Convention, and EU Directive 2018/1673 with a detailed review of art. 11 and 243 of the Moldovan Criminal Code. A case study further tests theory against practice. Findings show broad alignment with UNCAC and the Warsaw Convention, and functional convergence with EU norms, despite Moldova’s non-member status. Nonetheless, gaps remain: uneven international assistance, uncertainties on predicate offences across jurisdictions, and risks of parallel proceedings. To mitigate such conflicts, the paper proposes a prioritization framework based on seriousness of effects, evidence location, and victim nationality. It also recommends clarifying legislative terms, enhancing asset recovery mechanisms, and integrating non bis in idem safeguards. The study concludes that art. 243 para. (4) is a proportionate instrument against transnational laundering, provided it is supported by robust cooperation and uniform interpretation. The proposals advance practical guidance for applying extraterritorial jurisdiction and increasing coherence, predictability, and efficiency in Moldova’s anti-money laundering framework.
This research provides a multidimensional investigation into the internal audit function as a driving force for optimizing management systems within non-banking financial institutions, with a specific focus on microfinance organizations and leasing companies. In an environment governed by macroeconomic volatility and stringent prudential regulatory shifts, the structural interdependence between internal audit, enterprise risk management (ERM), and internal control mechanisms forms the cornerstone of corporate stability and sustainability. By applying a methodology rooted in a systematic approach and qualitative-quantitative modeling of the control environment, this study demonstrates a paradigm shift in internal audit: transitioning from mere ex-post compliance checking to a proactive, strategic value-adding function. The research findings highlight the direct impact of audit recommendations on mitigating credit risk, optimizing liquidity risk exposures, and strengthening corporate governance, thereby offering a practical and methodological framework for managers and industry specialists
In indoor cats (n = 89), the parasitic burden was dominated by mnoparasitism form, with an overall prevalence of 34.83%. Within this category, Toxocara cati was the dominant species (11.24%), followed by Cystoisospora felis (6.74%), suggesting the persistence of transmission factors in the indoor apartment environment. Ancylostoma caninum and Toxascaris leonina showed equal prevalences of 4.49%, whereas Toxoplasma gondii / Hammondia hammondi (3.37%), Dipylidium caninum (2.25%), Sarcocystis spp. (1.12%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (1.12%) had lower bioecological relevance, being associated with sporadic occurrence or occasional risk factors. The distribution of species within monoparasitism was significantly uneven (p = 0.009), with a marked predominance of endoparasitism (96.77%) over ectoparasitism (3.23%), a significant statistical difference (p < 0.001), reflecting the major role of the faecal-oral route in parasite transmission under indoor conditions. In comparison, polyparasitism had a lower frequency and was represented by four sporadic parasite associations, each recorded in a single case: T. gondii / H. hammondi + T. cati, C. felis + A. caninum, C. felis + T. cati, and T. gondii / H. hammondi + A. caninum, each recorded in a single case (1.12%). The overall prevalence of 4.49% indicates an occasional pattern of associated infestations, without the emergence of dominant parasitic combinations.
In a world characterized by intensified globalization and the simultaneous reassertion of cultural and symbolic borders, intercultural dialogue has become a critical societal and educational challenge. This article examines the role of universities as cultural mediators through the lens of academic diplomacy, understood as a values-driven form of international engagement grounded in dialogue, reciprocity, and knowledge exchange. Drawing on contemporary theoretical frameworks and empirical insights from the International Association of Universities’ 6th Global Survey on the Internationalization of Higher Education, the paper explores how internationalization can foster intercultural understanding while acknowledging its uneven effects across regions. Using the Free International University of Moldova (ULIM) as an institutional case study, the article analyzes three complementary dimensions of academic diplomacy: intercultural virtual exchange, language-based cultural diplomacy, and cross-border academic cooperation within international consortia. These initiatives illustrate how universities create spaces for dialogue, promote intercultural competencies, and contribute to social cohesion in contexts shaped by migration, digital transformation, and geopolitical tension. The findings suggest that internationalization does not automatically generate intercultural understanding; rather, its societal value depends on intentional, inclusive, and values-based strategies. By acting as cultural mediators, universities play a pivotal role in fostering sustainable intercultural networks and supporting peaceful coexistence in a re-bordered global landscape.
This study examines the social representations of the family across two distinct generations – Baby Boomers and Generation Y – in the context of contemporary social change. As a social institution, the family is transforming its functions and relational patterns while maintaining its central role in the transmission of values and the intergenerational exchange of support. Cultural capital, including values, traditions, and communication styles, constitutes an important resource for adaptation. The data were analyzed using the prototypical analysis method proposed by P. Vergès within the framework of the structural approach of the central core theory developed by J.-C. Abric. The results reveal significant generational differences. The central core of the Baby Boomers generation is organized around traditional and normative values (“love”, “children”, “respect”, “care”, “parents”), emphasizing family responsibility and the continuity of social norms. In contrast, the central core of Generation Y includes predominantly affective and relational elements (“love”, “respect”, “children”, “home”), reflecting an orientation toward emotional closeness and mutual support. Differences between the generations are also visible at the level of peripheral elements: Baby Boomers value the functional and collectivist dimensions of the family, whereas Generation Y emphasizes emotional well-being, autonomy, and the quality of relationships. The associative element “support” appears in both groups, confirming the perception of the family as an essential resource for mutual assistance. The results demonstrate the dynamic nature of social representations of the family and their sensitivity to intergenerational and cultural changes.
