Government College Kasaragod (GCK) is the campus located in Vidyanagar, the Educational District of Kasaragod with 19 Department including Degree courses, PG courses and research centers under Kannur University was established in 1957. The College is re-accredited with 'A' grade by NAAC. The college is now running with more than 1500 students, 100 teaching staffs and 40 Non-Teaching Staffs. The college has functioning facilities like Library, Computer Lab, Career Guidance and Placement Cell etc. and several active groups such as NSS, NCC, Bhoomithra Sena (BMS), Women Empowerment Cell (WEC) etc.
In this paper, we study structural properties of comaximal ideal graphs and their complements, focusing on well-coveredness, well-dominatedness, and Cohen–Macaulayness. A graph is well-covered if all its maximal independent sets have the same cardinality, and well-dominated if all its minimal dominating sets have the same cardinality. These properties are useful for describing uniformity phenomena in graph structures. The Cohen–Macaulay property gives an additional algebraic perspective by relating combinatorial features of graphs to commutative algebra. We characterize finite commutative rings with unity whose comaximal ideal graphs and complements have these properties and thereby describe how the corresponding algebraic structure is reflected in graph-theoretic invariants.
This study examines working women professionals (WWP) in Tamil Nadu and their intent towards green purchases as an outcome shaped by a set of interacting conditions rather than isolated drivers. Green brand image, brand credibility, green packaging, eco-innovation, and consumer environmental awareness are examined in combination to understand how such intentions take form. A pile questionnaire designed for the strategic purpose was employed. The findings were extracted from the data of 240 respondents. Green brand image appears to shape purchase intention by framing the brand as environmentally responsible, while brand credibility reinforces this effect through perceptions of trustworthiness and sense of competence. GP shows as an important factor ensuring the compatibility of consumer values to their related products and packaging. ECI stands as the biggest predictor by stressing the necessity of continuous innovations to meet the expectations of green consumers. CEA shows the strongest influence by acknowledging the need for raising environmental awareness to the population at large to ensure sustainable purchasing behaviour. The findings unfold the requirements of various elements by referring to a holistic requisite of Green marketing company by delineating their requirement and will have an immense contribution towards environmental studies and Green consumer behaviour.
This study evaluates the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) in Kannur and Kasaragod districts of Kerala from 1985 to 2011 using satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques. Multi-temporal satellite data from Landsat-4 MSS (1985), Landsat-7 ETM+ (1995), Resourcesat-1 LISS-III (2005), Resourcesat-2 LISS-III (2011) were acquired from the Bhuvan NRSC portal. Visual interpretation, supported by GIS-based digitization, delineated 13 LULC categories namely: Deciduous Forest, Cropland, Built-up land, Mixed Forest, Shrubland, Barren land, Fallow land, Wasteland, Water bodies Plantations, Mangrove Forest, Grassland and Evergreen Forest. Deciduous forest decreased from 217 km² to 119.70 km² (–97.30 km²), mixed forest from 24 km² to 15.27 km² (–8.73 km²), shrubland from 529 km² to 465.89 km² (–63.11 km²), barren land from 29 km² to 12.95 km² (–16.05 km²), and wasteland from 9 km² to 1.35 km² (–7.65 km²). Plantations, the dominant land cover, declined substantially from 3476 km² to 3148.23 km² (–327.77 km²). In contrast, built-up land increased sharply from 142 km² to 417.07 km² (+ 275.07 km²). Cropland increased from 71 km² to 116.06 km² (+ 45.06 km²), fallow land from 14 km² to 36.42 km² (+ 22.42 km²), grassland from 1 km² to 13.06 km² (+ 12.06 km²), and evergreen forest from 302 km² to 361.95 km² (+ 59.95 km²). Water bodies increased slightly from 129 km² to 131.39 km² (+ 2.39 km²), while mangrove forest remained unchanged at 3 km² (1995–2011). Classification accuracy assessment showed strong reliability, with overall accuracies of 70
We present a game-theoretic reinforcement learning framework for analyzing adversarial behavior in BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD). Unlike traditional security proofs that assume a worst-case eavesdropper, our approach models an adaptive attacker and corresponding defensive strategies. We develop a fast analytical QKD simulator capturing key metrics such as gain, Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), decoy-state statistics, and multiple attack types including intercept-resend, photon-number splitting, time-shift, and dark-count attacks. The interaction between Bob and an adaptive eavesdropper Eve is formulated as a repeated zero-sum game and trained using deep reinforcement learning. Eve learns to maximize information gain while remaining stealthy, whereas Bob learns counter- measures that minimize information leakage while preserving secret key rate (SKR). Experimental results show an emergent arms race, where Bob reduces Eve’s achievable information by nearly 50% while maintaining practical SKR, leading to a stable equilibrium. This work demonstrates that reinforcement learning is a pow- erful tool for exploring adaptive security in QKD and provides a foundation for studying more realistic adversarial scenarios in quantum communication systems.
Mangrove ecosystems, distributed across tropical and subtropical coastlines, are globally recognized for their exceptional biodiversity and multifunctional ecological roles. They sustain coastal fisheries by serving as breeding and nursery habitats, support diverse terrestrial and aquatic fauna, enhance shoreline stability through wave attenuation and erosion control, and improve water quality via nutrient recycling and pollutant filtration. Mangroves are also among the most efficient blue carbon sinks, contributing significantly to climate-change mitigation. From a socio-economic perspective, they provide timber and non-timber resources, support artisanal fisheries, enable ecotourism-based livelihoods, and hold high potential for carbon-credit revenue and bioprospecting. The review synthesizes evidence from 135 studies published between 1990 and 2024, retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories, based on their relevance to mangrove ecology, ecosystem services, and community-level economic benefits. Only peer-reviewed articles, technical reports, and case studies with clear methodological descriptions were included. The synthesis reveals that the ecological and economic functions of mangroves are strongly interdependent, with degradation of habitat quality directly reducing fisheries productivity, carbon storage efficiency, and livelihood security. The review highlights the urgent need for integrated management approaches, including hydrological restoration, community-based conservation, and policy-supported payment-for-ecosystem-services mechanisms, to enhance ecosystem resilience under accelerating anthropogenic and climate pressures.
