Government Polytechnic College, Ambala is a co-educational institution of higher learning located in the town of Ambala in the Ambala region of Haryana. The institute was established in 1929, by the government of India. It was re-established in 1958 is affiliated with the Haryana State Board of Technical Education (HSBTE), Panchkula and approved by All India Council of Technical Education, New Delhi (AICTE) and the Department of Technical Education, Government of Haryana (DTE). It is one of the best in North India. Diploma holders from this institute serve in various government organizations and institutions all over India.
In recent years, notable advancements have been achieved in the field of material science, particularly in metallurgy and ceramic materials. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) has become an indispensable non-conventional machining process, especially suited for intricate shaping of tough materials like ceramics and composites. This comprehensive review delves into the core mechanisms of EDM, focusing on the interplay of thermal energy and electrical discharges. The influence of dielectric fluids and cutting-edge electrode materials is highlighted for their significant role in enhancing machining performance and material removal efficiency. Various EDM techniques, including dry EDM, powder-mixed EDM, micro-EDM, and wire EDM, are explored with a particular focus on their effects on precision, surface quality, and overall material integrity. In particular, the machining of advanced ceramic composites, such as Si3N4–TiN and MoSi2–SiC, is emphasized, where optimizing process parameters becomes crucial to overcoming machining challenges. Key aspects like surface roughness, the formation of recast layers, and alterations in microstructure are scrutinized for their impact on the durability and properties of the final product. The review also sheds light on advanced optimization strategies, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization (MO), genetic algorithms, and hybrid methods like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO). These tools are essential for boosting EDM performance, especially in applications demanding high precision. The paper ends with some observations about the expanding use of EDM in biomedical applications, especially in the manufacturing of implants and other medical devices.
Titanium and its alloys are extensively utilized in aggressive environments like aviation and power generation sectors, where surface degradation through erosion plays a critical role in component performance and life. For this present study, TiO₂-SiC cermet coatings were coated on Ti base substrate using the High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying technique with varying SiC reinforcement levels—uncoated alloy (Ti), TiO₂ coatings (T0), 5 wt.
An important strategy that can aid in achieving the long-term goal of a pollution-free environment is the use of photocatalysis. This paper outlines the process of creating affordable, safe MnV2O6 via a simple, cost-effective photocatalytic dye degradation technique. MnV2O6 nanoparticles were synthesized by the combustion process using mustard seeds (Brassica nigra), a sustainable fuel. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance (UV–Vis DRS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron spectroscopy were utilized for characterization of various ratios of photocatalysts. In terms of light deterioration, 1:0.5 MnV2O6 outperformed the other ratios, with 86.73
High-purity ZrO2 nanoparticles, prepared through a green and low-combustion synthesis method using coconut oil as a renewable fuel, have been developed. The eco-friendly synthesis technique is an affordable and scalable route that competes with traditional synthesis routes that require toxic precursors and high-temperature conditions. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesised ZrO2 NPs were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. XRD proved the existence of a monoclinic phase ZrO2 with an average crystallite size of 21 nm. The direct band gap value has been determined to be 3.1 eV according to the UV-Vis DRS analysis that proves the photocatalytic potential of the material. SEM imaging revealed the surface morphology, further confirming the nanoscale features of the synthesised particles. The photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 NPs was evaluated for the degradation of atrazine (ATZ), a persistent triazine herbicide, under UV light irradiation. Various experimental parameters, including catalyst dosage, atrazine concentration, pH, and the role of scavengers, were systematically investigated to understand their influence on degradation efficiency. Notably, ZrO2 NPs degraded 91
Anchoring of Ca metal on g- C_3N_4 presents a promising approach for creating effective catalysts. This study utilized DFT with PBE0-D3BJ/def2-TZVP to explore the interaction between Ca atom and g- C_3N_4 . Theoretical model of g- C_3N_4 was validated with experimental FTIR spectra. When Ca is adsorbed, the g- C_3N_4 structure naturally curves, accompanied by increased π -electron delocalization. The interaction energy suggests that Ca anchoring is thermodynamically advantageous. NBO analysis revealed the significant involvement of d-orbitals of Ca, resulting in spatially directed bonding with inner nitrogen atoms. The reduction in the HOMO–LUMO gap of Ca/g- C_3N_4 compare with g- C_3N_4 indicates the metallic nature. These insights provide a computational framework for the strategic design of Ca/g- C_3N_4 , where curvature and orbital hybridization may improve catalytic efficiency.
