Guru Nanak College, Dhanbad

This study assesses the cybersecurity awareness in India, focusing on gender-based differences and the effectiveness of knowledge dissemination regarding online security practices. A pilot survey was conducted among 3483 respondents across different demographics, assessing their understanding of various cybersecurity threats and practices. Using chi-square test, the data revealed significant variations in cybersecurity knowledge between male and female participants. The research found that males display slightly stronger conceptual recognition and security-indicator awareness, whereas females demonstrate greater prudence in privacy-sensitive behaviours. The results underline the need for targeted cybersecurity training and educational awareness programs tailored to address the specific needs and behaviors of different demographic groups. The findings provide valuable insights for policy-makers, educational institutions, and organizations to enhance the cybersecurity knowledge of the Indian population, mitigating risks associated with the increasing digital landscape.

Plant responses to abiotic stress are characterized by a complex interaction of genetic and epigenetic systems that orchestrate adaptive strategies that are critical for survival and resilience. This in-depth examination of plant epigenetics in the context of abiotic environmental challenges focused on drought, temperature extremes, and salt. This investigation included DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, hormone control, and the increasing significance of non-coding RNAs, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of how plants dynamically adapt to difficult situations. According to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing research, plant DNA methylation patterns change during drought stress, according to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) research. In conjunction with gene control systems, the temporal dynamics of these alterations illustrate the profound adaptation of plants to the various stages of stress. Histone modifications such as acetylation and ubiquitination add to the epigenetic landscape with specialized enzymes and hormone signals that delicately control these changes. Extreme temperatures cause twin difficulties during cold and heat stresses, resulting in unique epigenetic responses. Cold tolerance is characterized by a complex interplay between DNA methylation, histone changes, and jasmonate signalling, highlighting the complexities of plant responses. Heat stress causes dynamic changes in histone acetylation, methylation, and salicylic acid participation, shedding light on the interrelated regulatory networks. Stresses caused by salinity- and soil-related problems reveal DNA methylation responses and chromatin remodeling, highlighting a broad range of epigenetic adaptations. The integration of the cross-regulatory processes between DNA methylation and histone changes acts as a nexus, providing prospective targets for epigenomic manipulation to improve stress tolerance. This investigation extends to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, in which paternal and maternal contributions affect the molecular memory of stress responses, laying the groundwork for understanding the adaptive features in offspring. Technological advances such as single-cell epigenomics and real-time monitoring have shed light on the spatial and temporal aspects of epigenetic modifications.

Polylactic acid/chitosan blends with bio-released Ag nanoparticles nanocomposite films were prepared for eco-friendly food packaging materials. These food packaging materials were prepared to enhance the biodegradability of packaging materials as well as to increase the shelf life of food products against microbial action. The preparation was made by dissolving PLA and chitosan using suitable solvents with PEG 400. To this, blend silver nanoparticles obtained from Tulsi leaves extract were added and homogenized. PLA/chitosan blend with Ag-NPs was prepared and characterized for their spectral, morphological, and antimicrobial properties. The spectral and morphological studies showed the blending of PLA/chitosan as well as Ag nanoparticles in the nanocomposites. The antibacterial activity of the PLA/chitosan/AgNPs nanocomposites (PCAg) showed a greater inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and also against Escherichia coli.

Managing effluents released from composite industrial establishments is a significant challenge due to the high variability of effluent characteristics, making them difficult to treat using conventional methods. This study aims to assess the feasibility of phytoremediation using water caltrop (Trapa natans L.; WC) for treating composite industrial effluent (CIE) released from the SIDCUL industrial cluster in Haridwar, India. To achieve this, WC was grown under laboratory conditions for 40 days using five concentrations of CIE (0

This comment assesses the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis by Lakshmi et al. (Magnetic fabrics of west coast dyke swarm from Deccan volcanic province, Maharashtra, India) on dykes from the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP). Key concerns include uncertainties in magnetic mineral classification, limited integration of mineralogical observations with AMS data, and the use of uncorrected K₁ inclinations for fabric and flow interpretations without considering regional structural tilting, such as that associated with the Panvel Flexure. Inconsistencies in the orthogonality of principal axes and the absence of clearly defined criteria for magnetic fabric classification further complicate interpretation. Additionally, interpretations regarding subsurface magma chambers are not substantiated by independent geochemical or geophysical evidence. To address these issues, we developed a tilt-correction routine and present both uncorrected and tilt-corrected AMS data for 33 dykes in Table 1 of our comment paper. This table demonstrates the impact of structural tilting on K₁ inclinations, highlights discrepancies in dyke classification, and provides a methodological reference for best practices in AMS analysis. We recommend reassessment using tilt-corrected data and greater integration with structural, petrological, and mineralogical constraints to enhance the geological interpretation of the DVP dyke swarm.