IEC University

The present research explores the tunable thermoplasmonic response of spherical core-shell nanostructures through theoretical analysis based on the Mie theory. The study examines the effects of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) shell thickness on mercury (Hg) nanoparticles in a water media (n = 1.33), with systematically varying core sizes between the range 5 nm to 20 nm and shell thicknesses 2 nm to 20 nm for sensing, photonic, and photothermal applications. The optical and thermoplasmonic characteristics are investigated for various core-shell ratio at different localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths, covering a spectrum from 250 nm to 850 nm. It is observed that the absorption peak spectra are found between 502 nm-537 nm and 345 nm-456 nm wavelengths with Au and Ag shell on Hg-core. Maximum values of absorption cross-section spectra is revealed at 1.80E-14 m(2) and 1.57E-14 m(2) of wavelengths 536 nm and 380 nm. Also, J(0)max is calculated 22 and 31.5 for Au and Ag shell thickness of 02 nm on 20 nm Hg-core and maximum temperature rise at 5.91 degrees C of 20 nm Au shell thickness as compared to Ag shell under 1*10(4) W/cm(2) laser irradiation. The results indicate that the temperature generated by these core-shell nanoparticles can be modulated by material's nature, core radius, gold/silver shell thickness, and the surrounding medium. Further, the examined core-shell nanoparticles show potential as effective heat sources in various applications, including photothermal cancer therapy, cell optoporation, and sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment.

This longitudinal socio-economic analysis compares Jhunjhunun district, a rural-agrarian region of Rajasthan, with Jaipur, the state’s urbanized capital, from 1991 to the present, leveraging decadal Census data, government reports, and sectoral studies. Over four decades, Jhunjhunun has experienced sluggish urbanization (rising from 18% urban in 1981 to 22.89% in 2011), remaining tethered to agriculture (55% workforce dependency) and copper mining in Khetri tehsil, while grappling with entrenched gender disparities—female literacy improved marginally from 20.48% (1991) to 60.95% (2011), yet rural female literacy stagnated at 59.77%, and the child sex ratio plummeted to 837 girls per 1,000 boys by 2011, reflecting deep-seated son preference. In contrast, Jaipur, propelled by tourism, heritage infrastructure, and tertiary-sector growth, transformed into a metropolitan hub, with urbanization surging from 35% (1981) to over 50% by 2020, fostering higher female literacy (~80% in urban areas) and formal employment opportunities, albeit alongside challenges like urban sprawl, air pollution, and caste-based labor segmentation. Economically, Jhunjhunun’s per capita income (₹87,562, 2020–21) lags behind Jaipur’s, driven by the latter’s diversified economy (contributing 10% to Rajasthan’s GDP) and industrial corridors like Sitapura and Vishwakarma. While Jhunjhunun’s homogeneous Hindu demographics (89.17%) and agrarian dependencies highlight rural inertia, Jaipur’s cosmopolitanism and service-sector dominance underscore urban-industrial synergy. Critical disparities emerge in development trajectories: Jhunjhunun’s limited infrastructure investment and reliance on informal labor contrast with Jaipur’s tech- driven initiatives and heritage tourism boom. However, both regions face shared challenges—Jaipur’s urban resource strain mirrors Jhunjhunun’s water scarcity from agrarian overuse. Policy recommendations emphasize tailored strategies: Jhunjhunun necessitates gender-focused education reforms, agro-industry diversification, and rural healthcare access, while Jaipur requires sustainable urban planning, pollution mitigation, and inclusive labor policies.

After an era of revolution in the manufacturing industry, contamination of water has posed a threat to the health of its consumers. The effluent discharged from textile, leather, mining, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paint and personal care products industries contains chromium, lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic, nickel, zinc, mercury, iron and manganese. The consumption of heavy metal-contaminated water leads to acute and chronic toxicity, neurological disorders, reproductive ailments, birth defects, organ damage and cancer. The investigated heavy metal removal techniques from contaminated water include flotation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange and electrochemical separation. The working mechanisms, advantages and limitations of the removal techniques are discussed in this chapter.

It was the poetry that did put most forcibly into words the articulation of Transcendentalism. This looks at nature as a vital instrument of realisation. This paper discusses the relationship between nature and spirituality in the selected poems of Emerson. His poetic vision makes the discarding of the material and the metaphysical possible. Through close textual readings of poems like “The Rhodora,” “Each and All,” “The Snow-Storm,” and “Nature,” the study shows how Emerson constructs nature as a symbolic and experiential medium that reveals the presence of a universal spirit. Based on Emerson’s Over-Soul, the paper argues that nature in his poetry is not simply an aesthetic or descriptive thing but a living entity that reflects an active and living divine unity. According to Emerson, flowers, trees, rivers, hills and storms express the universal energy of nature through symbolic language. The use of this dynamic structure allows one to go beyond empirical perception to intuitive knowing and affirms Transcendentalism’s emphasis on an individual’s autonomy and illumination. In addition, Emerson’s relationship with nature, which designates a centre of harmony and a centre of tension, is also examined for its beauty and empowerment. The paper situates Emerson’s poetry within broader Romantic and philosophical traditions while highlighting the uniqueness of his contribution to American thought. Emerson redefines spirituality as an immanent experience, with which one can relate consciousness and perception; instead of the institutionalised nature of the institutionalized, spirituality refers to the natural area. This study concludes by asserting that Emerson’s poetic treatment of Nature encompasses a whole vision of Reality in which the self and the universe are interconnected through spirit. In assigning any value to poems, the essay has an implication in the history and development of science criticism in America.

INTRODUCTION:The objective of this study is to resolve the limitations of Morin, which is a natural flavonol that has various properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Morin's therapeutic application is limited due to factors such as poor aqueous solubility, metabolic instability, and low bioavailability. The main objective of this study was to design and synthesize various semi-synthetic Morin derivatives by substituting the ortho position with nitro, chloro, sulphur, and bromo groups to enhance their pharmacological activity and to assess their potential as antitumor agents against both breast and liver cancer. METHODS:Novel substitution of Morin derivatives at the ortho position was synthesized by chemical substitution with groups like nitro, chloro, sulphur, and bromine. The cytotoxic potential of the synthesized derivatives was assessed in vitro against MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines by the MTT method. In silico molecular docking studies were carried out with the help of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR, PDB ID: 1M17) as a target to assess the binding affinities and potential EGFR-inhibitory activity. RESULTS:Nitro (MNI) and halogenated compounds like chloro, bromine (MBr) derivatives showed higher cytotoxicity, in which MNI demonstrated minimal toxicity toward HepG2 cells (CTC₅₀: 1111.97 μg/mL) but strong antiproliferative activity against MCF7 cells (CTC₅₀: 545.88 μg/mL). MBr exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells (CTC₅₀: 969.82 μg/mL) and marked inhibitory effects on MCF7 cells (CTC₅₀: 612.70 μg/mL). Docking studies of these synthesized derivatives showed binding to EGFR and support receptor-mediated anticancer effects. DISCUSSION:The results showed that ortho-substitution significantly increases the anticancer potential of Morin, with nitro- and halogen-substitutions boosting its cytotoxic activity. In the differential cytotoxicity profiles, specifically the low hepatic toxicity of MNI alongside its high potential in breast cancer cells. On the other hand, MBR derivatives showed moderate cytotoxicity against both hepatic and breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION:These studies concluded that Ortho-substituted Morin derivatives, especially the MNI derivative, are promising derivatives for breast cancer therapy due to their increased anti-proliferative activity and lesser hepatotoxicity. Secondly, the MBR derivative showed moderate cytotoxicity for both breast and hepatic cell lines. These results indicate or suggest further mechanistic exploration and in vivo evaluation to validate their therapeutic potential.