The Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre (IFAC) (Acre Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology) is an institution that offers high and professional educations by having a pluricurricular form. It is a multicampi institution, especialized in offering professional and technological education in different areas of knowledge (biologics/human sciences/exact sciences).The Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre (IFAC) (Acre Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology) is a federal institution, public, directly vinculated to the Ministry of Education of Brazil.The IFAC is a public university located in the cities of Rio Branco, Cruzeiro do Sul, Sena Madureira, Xapuri e Tarauacá.
Climate and atmospheric changes are impacting forest function and structure worldwide, but their effects on tropical forest diversity are unclear. Nowhere is the scientific challenge greater than in the Andes and the Amazon, which together include the world’s most diverse forests. Here, using 406 permanent plots spanning four decades of intact lowland and montane forest dynamics, we test for long-term change in species richness and assess the influence of climate and other variables. We show that, at a continental scale, species richness appears stable, but this masks substantial regional variation. Species richness increased in Northern Andean and Western Amazon plots, yet declined in the Central Andes, Guyana Shield and Central-Eastern Amazon. Overall, warmer, drier and more seasonal forests lost species, while those at higher elevations, in less fragmented areas and with faster rates of tree turnover experienced increases. Region-specific drivers, particularly precipitation seasonality and demographic factors, modulated these trends. The results highlight the diverse ways in which Amazon–Andes forests are changing and underscore the critical need to preserve large-scale ecosystem integrity to maintain local tree diversity. By doing so, Northern Andean forests in particular could serve as an important refuge for species increasingly displaced by climate change. This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.
Amazon rainforests face intensifying water stress due to increases in vapour pressure deficit and changing hydrological regimes. Embolism resistance (Ψ50) is a critical metric of tree survival under drought conditions, it is defined as a plant's capacity to resist disruption of xylem water flow due to air bubble formation from water stress. However, measurements of Ψ50 are only available for a limited number of Amazon locations and species. Conversely, data on forest taxonomic composition are abundant across Amazonia, and if Ψ50 is conserved phylogenetically, these data could provide a way to scale-up drought resistance patterns. Here we evaluate Ψ50 measurements across non-flooded Amazonian tree taxa and reveal a moderate phylogenetic signal, with phylogenetic conservatism evident at the family-level. Notably, Fabaceae is amongst the most embolism-resistant tree families in Amazonia. Leveraging the phylogenetic signal we use species composition and tree size data from 448 forest plots across Amazonia to produce a macroecological assessment of Amazonian vulnerability to embolism. The resulting estimate spatial pattern reveals that forests in the Brazilian and Guiana Shield regions, where Fabaceae abundance is high, show strong resistance to embolism. In contrast, tree communities in Western Amazonia appear more vulnerable to embolism, suggesting a reduced capacity to withstand future drought conditions.
Abstract We studied the systematics of the second most species-rich family of caecilian amphibians from the Neotropical region, with a focus on specimens assigned to Siphonops hardyi from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our study combined molecular phylogenetic analysis with comparative osteology of crania to investigate the interspecific relationships within Siphonopidae. We found: (i) a paraphyly of the genus Siphonops; and (ii) that several specimens previously catalogued as S. hardyi in herpetological collections represented at least three independent lineages that are not closely related phylogenetically. Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, we place Luetkenotyphlus in the synonym of Siphonops. In addition, we described a new species, Siphonops maria sp. nov., from the state of Rio de Janeiro. It belongs to one of the unnamed lineages but is morphologically more distinct from S. hardyi than the other two. This new species is more closely related to the three currently recognized taxa of Luetkenotyphlus. Siphonops maria shares traditional morphological traits of this clade, which evolved a loss of teeth on the labial row of the maxillopalatine. Our findings challenge the understanding of Siphonopidae systematics and underscore the need for a detailed, comprehensive taxonomic revision of S. hardyi to clarify the distribution of morphologically similar lineages within the highly threatened Atlantic Forest.
Hunting wild animals for consumption is a common practice in the Brazilian Amazon and contributes to the transmission of zoonotic diseases, including neotropical echinococcosis (NE), caused by Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus oligarthra. Despite the endemicity of E. vogeli in this region, molecular data on its genetic diversity remain limited. This study characterized E. vogeli isolates obtained from lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca) in extractive reserves located in Xapuri and Sena Madureira, Acre, Brazil, using mitochondrial (cox1) and nuclear (p29) markers. All 16 isolates were confirmed as E. vogeli. Analysis of cox1 sequences revealed high similarity with reference sequences from the Brazilian Amazon, low nucleotide divergence (0–0.55
Abstract The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) is one of the most important non-timber forest products of the Amazon, linking forest conservation with the livelihoods of extractivist communities, playing a key role in income generation for extractivist communities and in the environmental conservation of forests. However, the literature on its production chain remains fragmented, addressing isolated dimensions such as management, innovation, logistics, and markets, without integrating governance, sustainability, and value addition into a systemic framework. This study addresses this fragmentation by proposing an integrated governance model for the Brazil nut chain, based on a systematic literature review (SLR) that analyzed 35 studies published between 2020 and 2026. The hybrid analysis (deductive and inductive) allowed the identification of recurring patterns of structural bottlenecks, coordination asymmetries, and upgrading opportunities. The developed model is structured around four interdependent pillars: sustainable management, technological innovation and product diversification, governance structures and social inclusion, and market access and certifications. Instead of sectoral approaches, the framework proposes these pillars as interconnected dimensions within a systemic governance architecture, aiming to overcome coordination failures and increase value capture in socio-biodiversity systems. The proposed framework contributes to understanding how governance arrangements can support the ecological sustainability, conservation, and long-term resilience of socio-biodiversity systems.
