J. Selye University

Multilevel power inverters have a complex semiconductor structure that elevates the risk of switch faults. Furthermore, voltage drops across floating capacitors, which are integral components of multilevel power converter structures, can disrupt accurate system status assessment and lead to incorrect or delayed fault detection. This article proposes a novel approach for short-circuit fault detection and location in multilevel power converters using artificial intelligence with a focus on reliability prioritization. Five reference voltage prediction methods were analyzed including a switching algorithm and four deep learning-based techniques i.e., convolutional neural networks, gated recurrent units, long short-term memory networks, and a hybrid model combining convolutional neural networks with long short-term memory networks. Fault location was performed through a reliability-based strategy prioritizing components with higher failure probabilities, significantly improving the fault identification speed. Our method reduced the duration of fault detection compared to similar methods and included a novel fault location method based on prioritizing fault detection according to the lifetime of fundamental components. We predicted and verified online voltage references using four different deep learning methods and compare the outcomes in an experimental setup. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method in detecting and locating faults in various types of multilevel power inverters.

The primary aim of this study is to identify how residents on the Hungarian and Slovak sides of the Lower Ipoly Valley perceive the most considerable material and immaterial local values and unique resources of their settlements. The research was designed to explore and compare the territorial capital of the two sides of the study area based on three major capital types: natural, social, and economic capitals. Data collection included 254 semi-structured interviews, conducted with 136 residents on the Slovak side (14 settlements) and 118 residents on the Hungarian side (12 settlements). Detailed interview summaries were analysed with qualitative content analysis using emergent coding. This resulted in an analytical framework comprising nine value dimensions. Across both sides of the border, we examined the same nine value dimensions: local workforce, local enterprises, civil organisations and cultural groups, local and community events, local gastronomy, natural values, built heritage, holders of local knowledge, and local products. Items mentioned that related to each value dimension were counted for each dimension and normalised to a 0–10 scale. The quantified values were aggregated at the settlement level (90 points being the maximum score). The average score of each dimension was also calculated for both sides of the study area. Our findings show that the Hungarian side achieved a total score of 40.4, while the Slovak side reached 36.6, both reflecting a similarly weak–moderate state of the local capitals with minimal differences. This indicates that the two sides of the study area share comparable developmental challenges but also considerable potential for improvement. The Hungarian side performed slightly better in nearly all dimensions except local gastronomy, where the Slovak side proved stronger. The Hungarian side’s relative advantages include a higher presence of local enterprises, a richer network of civil and cultural groups, and more diverse built heritage; in other dimensions, differences are marginal. One of the most pressing regional challenges is improving employment opportunities and stimulating entrepreneurial activity, which are essential for enhancing population retention. Overall, the results indicate that the settlements possess substantial—yet largely underutilised—value assets, whose conscious and consensus-based development could form a strong foundation for creative and innovative local development. Each settlement’s value matrix includes elements that define its uniqueness, enabling the identification of numerous potential development pathways, whether through nature-based educational and recreational programmes, the utilisation of culturally considerable built heritage, the revitalisation of living traditions, or the promotion of local traditional gastronomy on both sides of the study area.

Abstract Background Romania reports alarming prevalence and incidence rate for cervical cancer compared to the European average. Against this background, our study aims at identifying the predictors of vaccination attitudes of women for their children (to be born). Methods This research is based on a survey conducted among participants at a free cervical cancer screening caravan in Romania’s Central Region. Data collection was carried out with the assistance of health professionals next to the mobile screening unit. Sample size is 818 women from central Romania with a mean age of 44,5 years. The questionnaire entailed a standardized HPV literacy scale, and HPV vaccination attitude was measured with a simple question with binary answer option. Determinants of vaccination attitudes are assessed in a binary logistic regression model. Results 56,4% of respondents are planning, whereas 43,6% are not intending to vaccinate their child(ren). Higher HPV literacy is significantly associated with positive vaccination attitudes (Exp(B)=1,339). Women with the lowest education are three times more likely to refuse the vaccination of their children compared to the reference category with tertiary education (Exp(B)=0,304). The odds for a pro vaccination attitude decreases with every additional year of age (Exp(B)=0,972). A history of cervical cancer in the microsocial network significantly increases ro vaccination attitudes (Exp(B)=2,028). Conclusions In spite of the fact that our respondents themselves engaged in preventive behaviour and attended the HPV screening, a large share is reluctant to the vaccination of their children against the same infection. The improvement of HPV-related knowledge would contribute to the increase in pro vaccination attitudes. Interventions are needed in all social groups, but most of all among the least educated women. Health campaigns should make use of the fact that women with a cervical cancer history are most genuine ambassadors of health messages. Key messages • There is a gap between screening participation and prevention through vaccination against HPV. • HPV literacy and exposure to cervical cancer in the social network are key drivers of vaccine acceptance.

IntroductionDigital agriculture is regarded as an important instrument for achieving green economies, with the potential to raise productivity while reducing environmental impacts. This study explores how digitalization in agriculture affects greenhouse gas emissions, pesticide use and productivity.MethodsThe research uses a mixed-methods design. Quantitative analysis draws on international environmental and economic indicators for approximately 180 countries between 2000 and 2023 (415 country-year observations), combining Spearman correlations, regression models with GDP interaction terms, and K-means cluster analysis. A qualitative case study of digital agriculture in Latin America complements the statistical findings.ResultsDigital infrastructure is strongly associated with the adoption of agricultural digital technologies, and smart farming investment is associated with better economic performance of the agricultural sector. Investment in digital agriculture shows a positive association with both emissions and pesticide use, while the interaction with GDP is negative and significant. Cluster analysis confirms that countries with higher GDP and stronger digital infrastructure achieve more balanced environmental outcomes.DiscussionThe environmental benefits of digital agriculture are conditional on economic capacity. In economically advanced settings, digital technologies reduce resource use, waste and emissions; in economically constrained regions, higher output can offset the environmental gains. Digital agricultural transformation therefore offers opportunities for sustainable development, but its success depends on equitable access to digital technologies and on policy support that mitigates the trade-off between productivity and environmental protection.

The topic of sustainability has occupied many researchers in recent years. In addition to the sustainable operation of companies, the consumption habits of individuals also require a lot of attention. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of individual income on green consumer habits in Slovakia. A questionnaire survey was conducted to achieve the goals. The questionnaire and accompanying cover letter were prepared using Google Forms. In addition to closed questions, there were scaled questions in the questionnaire. The answers obtained using the Likert scale questions were treated as ordinal. Data were collected between 2024 January 8 and 2024 February 15. After data cleaning, 424 responses were finally included in the sample. During the research, two hypotheses were formulated. During the testing, Pearson Chi-square and Cram & eacute;r's V were calculated. Based on the results of the first hypothesis, a significant relationship can be shown between the consumption of organic food, the persuasion of those living in the immediate vicinity of the respondents, and volunteering as an environmental awareness characteristic and the height of the average monthly net income. Based on the examination of the second hypothesis, it can be concluded that in the case of marketing tools that encourage environmental awareness, there is a significant relationship between the influence of TV or radio advertisements and other PR tools and the average monthly net income. The researchers had to rely on the honesty of the respondents. To mitigate the above issue, the researchers asked non-direct questions about the respondents' behavior. The willingness of the respondents to participate was another limitation, as the researchers had no funds to incentivize participation. Therefore, participation was entirely voluntary. Although the number of items in the research meets Crochran's criteria, the results should still be treated with caution. Some findings have not been previously confirmed, indicating a need for further empirical evidence from further studies. The results confirm the results of some previous research (the relationship between income and the proportion of purchasing green products and between that of income and volunteering). In addition, the results offer a suitable basis for further research, as so far, few correlations (with income and encouraging friends to make more environmentally friendly purchases; the relationship between income and individual marketing communication tools) have come to light.