Theory on organizational behavioral integrity suggests that consistency between organizational practice and espoused organizational values induces the reciprocity norm in employees. We examined how organizational behavioral integrity influences employee attitudes and behavioral intentions. Across two studies we found that organizational behavioral integrity is positively related to employee organizational commitment and organizational attractiveness and negatively related to turnover intentions. These effects appear to be mediated by organizational justice and perceived organizational support. We discuss the implications of these findings for business ethics research and practice.
Societal Impact Statement American ginseng is a shade-obligate, North American medicinal plant that is widely traded and used internationally. To meet global demand, ginseng is cultivated in forest farms in the Appalachian region of the USA and field-based artificial shade farms in two regions: Ontario, Canada, and Wisconsin, USA. We conducted social research leveraging in-depth interviews with growers to inform wild population genetics and future crop development efforts by examining how ginseng genetic materials are sourced, selected, and distributed in forest-based and artificial shade farming systems. We identified patterns in grower practice that inform global conservation efforts in ginseng and other medicinal plants.Summary Understanding the population genetics of threatened medicinal plant species is essential to building effective conservation management strategies that promote sustainable plant use for human health and wellbeing. Yet molecular approaches on their own do not incorporate human perspectives and behaviors, including trading planting stock and intensive cultivation, that may influence genetic population structure. Research continues to assess genetic and phenotypic variation in cultivated and wild ginseng plants; however, the practices associated with ginseng planting have mostly been overlooked. In this study, we incorporated the knowledge of ginseng growers by conducting key informant interviews with artificial shade and forest growers in the U.S.A. and Canada (N = 34) and analyzed these data using Grounded Theory methods. Results from these interviews highlight the importance of artificial shade farms in Wisconsin and Ontario as likely sources of genetic and phenotypic variation in forest-cultivated and wild-occurring ginseng populations. Plant selection and seed saving practices were mostly unconscious decisions, and evidence of deliberate selection of genetic materials for specific traits was largely absent. Growers reported that lack of access to local seed sources is an important driver of planting stock movement from artificial shade farms to forest farms that can be used to establish "wild" forest populations. Artificial shade farms were found to produce large seed surpluses, while forest farms reported difficulties obtaining planting stock, leading to heavy reliance on importing non-local cultivated planting materials. These results highlight the importance of involving growers in future efforts involving planting stock conservation and seed banking for sustainable medicinal plant use.
Previous research has raised concerns about international students' adjustment and acculturation in U.S. higher education. International students at the institution in the current study had lower grade point averages (GPAs) and retention rates than domestic peers. This study examined whether noncognitive student success factors (e.g., self-efficacy) varied across international student subgroups (e.g., region of origin, English-language proficiency) and whether these factors predicted their GPA. There were meaningful subgroup differences for the noncognitive factors. For example, goal commitment, persistence, self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and institutional commitment differed by region of origin, whereas quality focus, engagement, persistence, self-efficacy, and sense of belonging differed by English-language proficiency. Collectively, the 10 noncognitive factors accounted for 23.3% of the variance in cumulative GPA, with self-efficacy (3.13%) and sense of belonging (4.45%) contributing the most uniquely. These results can guide intentional implementation of programing that addresses these areas of growth for international students.
Previous research utilizing the Paralympic Skill Lab (PSL) curriculum has asserted that by shifting the paradigm through which students view disability and disability sport, stereotypes and social norms can be challenged. While there is research supporting PSL's efficacy, application to students within coaching education programs is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore coaching education minor students' attitudes toward disability sport and future application efforts after taking part in PSL. Students in two coach education courses (n = 22) consented to have their facilitated group interviews and reflective assignments associated with PSL used in the study. During the PSL, researchers also recorded field notes. Using a template thematic analysis, researchers identified four themes from the data. First, students acknowledged that PSL was fun as they enjoyed playing disability sports with others in a welcoming environment. Second, students remarked on how the PSL raised their awareness about disability sport, Paralympic sport and disabled athletes. Third, students still shared ableist views but the PSL pushed some to reconsider their preconceived notions of disability sport and disabled athletes founded in ableism. Finally, students highlighted several ways they planned to change their future coaching practice to be more inclusive or promote inclusion. The findings suggest that embedding disability sport education and Paralympian contact into courses can be a positive step toward impacting attitude change and inclusive behaviors within sport communities. Further, shifts in attitudes of students toward inclusion for these coaches may influence how they interact with disabled athletes in their future careers.
Measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering multiplicities for pi(+) and pi(-) from proton and deuteron targets are reported on a grid of hadron kinematic variables z, P-T, and & varphi;* for leptonic kinematic variables in the range 0.3 < x < 0.6 and 3 < Q(2) < 5GeV(2). Data were acquired in 2018 and 2019 at Jefferson Lab Hall C with a 10.6 GeV electron beam impinging on 10-cm-long liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. Scattered electrons and charged pions were detected in the High Momentum Spectrometer and Super High Momentum Spectrometer, respectively. The multiplicities were fitted for each bin in (x, Q(2), z, Pt) to extract the & varphi;*-independent M-0 and the azimuthal modulations < cos(& varphi;*)> and < cos(2 & varphi;*)>. The Pt dependence of the M-0 results was found to be remarkably consistent for the four cases studied: ep -> e pi(+) X, ep -> e pi(-) X, ed -> e pi X+, ed -> e pi X- over the range 0 GeV < P-t < 0.4GeV, as were the multiplicities evaluated near & varphi;*=180(degrees) over the extended range 0GeV < P-t < 0.7GeV. The Gaussian widths of the P-t dependence exhibit a quadratic increase with z. The cos(& varphi;*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero for pi(+), in agreement with previous world data, while the pi(zs) moments were, in many cases, significantly greater than zero. The cos(2 & varphi;*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero. The higher statistical precision of this dataset of about 20 000 individual multiplicity values, compared with previously published data, should allow improved determinations of quark transverse momentum distributions and higher twist contributions.
