The graduate and post-graduate programs of the college are recognized by the Medical Council of India. The courses offered are also recognized by General Medical Council (UK), Sri Lanka Medical Council and WHO. The college has been recognized by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, UK, for the award of MRCOG. After the formation of JSS University (Established under Section-3 of UGC Act), JSS Medical College became a constituent college of the JSS University (now JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research-JSSAHER) from the Academic year 2008-2009, which is among the country's top 5 and world's top 500 universities as per The Times Higher Education Ranking, 2019 which also ranked JSSAHER as India's most impactful university. JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research has grabbed the 93rd spot in the Clinical and Health category, in the World University Rankings 2022 by THE (Times Higher Education Rankings) for 1500~ Universities across the globe. JSS is the only one higher education institute from India has got a top slot, in the top 100, at 93rd position. JSSAHER has been accredited by NAAC with an A+ grade. The students of this college are from all corners of India as well as from abroad.Attached to one of the biggest hospitals in India, it is one of the first institutions in the country to establish a plastination museum. JSS Body Donation Camp is also one of the biggest body donation camps in India.It has been ranked as one of the top medical colleges by Careers 360 and Outlook. JSSAHER also has a QS 4 star rating along with Autonomous Status granted by MHRD on recommendations of UGC for maintaining high standards in medical education.
Despite the well-established efficacy of injectable insulin in achieving and maintaining optimal glycaemic control, its acceptance among people living with diabetes (PWD) in India remains disproportionately low. Delayed or inadequate insulin therapy often results in prolonged poor glycaemic control, increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications and contributing to a higher healthcare burden. This review aims to examine key barriers to the initiation and intensification of injectable insulin therapy in India and to explore strategies to address these challenges. A narrative review of the existing literature was conducted to identify barriers influencing the use of injectable insulin. Barriers were categorized into patient-related, healthcare provider (HCP)-related, and healthcare system–related factors. Multiple interrelated barriers were identified. Patient-related barriers include fear of injections, social stigma, and misconceptions regarding insulin therapy. HCP-related barriers involve clinical inertia and limited time for patient education, which delay insulin initiation and intensification. System-level barriers include challenges related to access, affordability, and resource constraints within the healthcare infrastructure. Emerging strategies to overcome these obstacles include structured patient education, focused HCP training, healthcare policy interventions, and innovations such as non-invasive insulin delivery systems. Overcoming barriers to injectable insulin therapy requires a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach. Integration of educational, clinical, policy, and technological strategies may improve insulin acceptance and optimize diabetes management outcomes in India.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify early electrode migration after cochlear implant (CI) surgery using imaging, mapping, and postoperative auditory and speech scores in order to enhance the performance of the implant and its outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study involving the bilaterally profound hearing-impaired children who underwent cochlear implantation from January 2021 to February 2024. SETTING: Patients who attended the paediatric hearing clinic in a tertiary care hospital for follow-up after 6 months to 1 year were recruited. METHODS: After a minimum of 6 months of cochlear implantation surgery, a ‘modified Stenver’s view’ and a ‘cochlear view’ mastoid x-ray was done to determine the electrode position, insertion depth and degree of insertion and compared with the x-ray taken on post-operative day one. The electrode position was then correlated with electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP), impedance, CAP-12 (Categories of auditory performance) score and speech intelligibility rating (SIR). RESULTS: Out of 35 patients who enrolled for the study, 3 patients were found to have electrode migration, of which one patient had poor speech and auditory outcome. The cochlear view was found to be superior to modified Stenver’s view. CONCLUSIONS: Electrode migration is a rare but not uncommon complication that may not be easily picked up with ECAP and impedance monitoring in the post-operative period, warranting regular imaging such as cochlear view x-ray that is fast, cheap and has low radiation exposure to children. It also gives good electrode visibility and can determine the electrode position, angular insertion depth and electrode migration.
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by autoantibodies against Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF). Whole-lung lavage is the conventional treatment, but it does not address the underlying pathophysiology. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to further evaluate the effects of inhaled GM-CSF on gas exchange, oxygenation, and lung volume. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to October 2025. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled GM-CSF to a control in adult patients with aPAP were included. The primary outcomes assessed pulmonary gas exchange, oxygenation, and lung volume, while exercise capacity and dyspnea levels were secondary outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4.1 and R version 4.5.2, with heterogeneity assessed using I2 statistics. Four phase III RCTs comprising 402 patients (224 inhaled GM-CSF, 178 control) with ≥ 25 weeks of follow-up were included. Inhaled GM-CSF significantly enhanced DLCO
Ischemic stroke remains a major global health burden, with secondary mechanisms of injury playing a critical role in initiation and progression of long-term neurological outcomes. Among these, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis) has gained significant traction as a key process that links innate immune activation with thrombotic and inflammatory damage in stroke. Shortly after the onset of cerebral ischemia, neutrophils rapidly infiltrate the affected tissue and undergo NETosis in response to Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMPs) and inflammatory cues, releasing NET structures that interact with platelets, endothelial cells, and coagulation pathways. These NET components promote thrombus formation, enhance its structural stability, and confer resistance to fibrinolytic therapies, all while aggravating blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, neuronal injury, and downstream neuroinflammatory cascades disturbing gut-brain axis and post stroke recovery. Clinical and pre-clinical investigations have shown that NET-related markers such as citrullinated histone H3, Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, and circulating cell-free DNA are closely associated with stroke severity, infarct burden, and poorer clinical recovery, supporting their use as potential prognostic indicators. Experimental strategies aimed at inhibiting NET formation or accelerating its dissolution, including DNase-I administration, Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibition, and blockade of MPO activity, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects by reducing infarct size, preserving BBB function, and enhancing functional outcomes in animal models. Despite these encouraging findings, translating NET-targeted therapies into clinical practice remains complex due to the diversity of patient profiles and comorbidities that are weighing down translation efforts. This review highlights the central contribution of NETosis to stroke-related thrombosis, BBB disruption, and sustained inflammation, while emphasising the evolving potential of NET-focused interventions as future therapeutic tools in Ischemic stroke.
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, survival, and proliferation and is frequently dysregulated in cancer. Since the identification of protein kinase B (Akt) in 1996, extensive research has established its critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance, making Akt an attractive target for anticancer drug development. Although numerous inhibitors targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway have been developed, their clinical success has been limited due to inadequate isoform specificity and unfavorable toxicity profiles. These limitations have prompted increasing interest in identifying Akt-selective inhibitors from natural sources, particularly microbial metabolites. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that several microbial-derived compounds effectively modulate PI3K/Akt signaling and suppress key cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastatic potential. Nevertheless, further studies are required to define Akt isoform specificity, evaluate selectivity against closely related kinases, and validate therapeutic efficacy in relevant preclinical models, including patient-derived xenografts. In addition, the development of robust purification and optimization strategies remains essential to enable the reliable isolation and translational advancement of these bioactive metabolites. This review summarizes Akt structure, function, and key regulatory motifs relevant to pharmacological targeting and critically examines microbial-derived inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway and their mechanisms of action. Representative compounds discussed include Bostrycin, Anthracycline analogs, Wentilactone A, Thiocoraline, Iturin A, SZ-685C, Isebromoamide B, Xyloketal B, and Demethoxyfumitremorgin C. Collectively, this review highlights the therapeutic potential of microbial natural products while outlining current challenges and future directions for developing selective Akt-targeted anticancer therapies.
