Kırıkkale University

This study aimed to examine in depth the digital parenting experiences of parents who had children attending primary school. The study was conducted as a case study within a qualitative research approach. The participants were 12 parents whose children were enrolled in Grades 1-4 during the 2022-2023 academic year. Data were collected through a personal information form and an open-ended interview form and were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Four main themes were identified, digital tools in children's lives, parental responses to children's digital tool use, the perceived effects of digital tools on children, and parents' own digital tool use. The findings showed that children were introduced to digital tools at approximately age two and commonly used smartphones, television, and tablets. Although parents supported children's beneficial use of digital tools, they were concerned about their children's possible exposure to risky situations in digital environments. Parents most often described themselves as having a guiding role in children's digital tool use, while some also emphasized consistency and tolerance in parenting behavior.

This study aimed to assess the possibility of developing a dairy population of Akkaraman sheep following a long-term within-breed phenotypic selection program in semi-arid conditions in Türkiye. The study was conducted at Gözlü State Farm between 2012 and 2023 (12 years), covering approximately 3–4 generations, and included milk yield records from 6,822 purebred Akkaraman ewes. Milk yields were recorded on days 1, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 of lactation. Quadratic spline interpolation based on these test-day means was used to reconstruct daily milk yield and to standardize lactation performance over a 120-day period; no formal genetic parameter estimation (e.g., BLUP, REML) was applied. Across the 12-year study period, the mean lactation milk yield reached 119.15 kg, with a mean daily milk yield of 0.99 kg, representing approximately a 2.5-fold increase compared with historical reports for the Akkaraman breed. The lactation curve exhibited a gradual peak followed by a sustained production phase, indicating a shift toward a more dairy-type lactation pattern. The results indicate that continuous within-breed phenotypic selection significantly enhances milk production in a fat-tailed, dual-purpose sheep breed without crossbreeding while preserving adaptation to semi-arid production conditions. The findings show that local sheep breeds can help create environmentally friendly and sustainable dairy production in areas with limited resources.

The development of effective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors remains a crucial objective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, a novel synthetic approach was established to prepare a series of diaryl-substituted tacrine derivatives. Initially, brominated aminobenzonitrile was subjected to Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with various aryl boronic acids to yielding diaryl-substituted aminobenzonitriles at yields of 60

With the increasing prevalence of digitalization in recent years, computational thinking (CT) has emerged as a fundamental component of students’ problem-solving and analytical reasoning skills. Consequently, research on integrating CT into various disciplines has accelerated, particularly in science education, where efforts have focused on implementing CT in teachable, accessible, and meaningful ways. This study aims to examine the effects of inquiry-based science instruction integrated with unplugged CT activities on middle school students’ CT skills and inquiry learning skills. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed with 28 students (14 experimental, 14 control). While the experimental group received inquiry-based instruction enriched with unplugged CT activities, the control group followed the existing science curriculum. The findings revealed that inquiry-based science teaching integrated with unplugged CT activities had a significant and strong positive effect on students’ CT and inquiry learning skills. Additionally, a strong and positive correlation was identified between CT and inquiry learning skills (r = .744, p < .05). Overall, the results suggest that inquiry-based science teaching integrated with unplugged CT activities can shift CT from a narrowly coding-oriented technical skill to an interdisciplinary thinking framework that serves as a cognitive scaffold within science learning processes.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) serve as critical components for positioning and timing in modern infrastructures, yet their inherent signal vulnerability makes them prime targets for intentional jamming attacks. While existing detection methods often rely on single-modality data, they frequently fail to capture the complex temporal and spectral signatures of diverse interference types, leading to a "black-box" decision process that lacks engineering trust. This study proposes an explainable multi-modal intrusion detection framework that fuses statistical features, raw 1D temporal dynamics via 1D-CNN, and 2D time-frequency representations using EfficientNetB0. The integrated features are classified using an XGBoost ensemble, achieving a high classification accuracy of 99.33