Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary

BACKGROUND: Transarterial embolization (TAE) is an established therapeutic option for non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), but standardized criteria for patient selection and predictors of treatment outcomes remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes after TAE and identify factors associated with treatment failure and 30-day mortality. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all TAE procedures performed for nonvariceal GIB at Semmelweis University between May 2022 and July 2025. Clinical, laboratory, and procedural parameters were collected, including bleeding location, comorbidity burden, antithrombotic therapy, transfusion requirements, vasopressor or inotropic support, and embolization technique. Predictors of clinical failure (rebleeding within 30 days) and 30-day mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 111 embolizations were performed in 100 patients. Technical success was 100%, and clinical success was achieved in 82% of patients. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 26%, with disease-specific mortality at 15%. Complications occurred in 4% of cases. Vasopressor or inotropic therapy and antithrombotic use were independent predictors of clinical failure. Vasopressor requirement and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Empiric embolization was associated with a lower likelihood of rebleeding but did not influence mortality. CONCLUSIONS: TAE provided high technical success and favorable overall outcomes with a low complication rate in the management of nonvariceal GIB. Vasopressor requirement was the strongest predictor of both rebleeding and mortality, likely reflecting the underlying severity of shock physiology rather than the direct effects of vasopressor therapy. These results highlight the need for further prospective studies to guide management strategies in hemodynamically unstable patients requiring vasopressor support.

The widespread usage of generative AI (genAI) challenges traditional notions of authorship, raising questions about how readers perceive and attribute textual origin. As this sociolinguistic issue is recognized by people, the study presented in this paper was initiated from a collaboration between professional researchers and citizens engaging in encounters discussing language-related social issues. Following a citizen sociolinguistic approach, we engaged 576 participants in a questionnaire study assessing their ability to distinguish AI-generated (GPT-3.5) from human-authored narrative texts in Hungarian. The results of the study show that respondents were significantly more successful than chance (66%) in identifying the author of the text regardless of their age, gender, occupation, or self-reported AI skills. However, the performance score was dependent on the author of the text, as AI-authored texts were identified more successfully than those written by humans. We also found that respondents preferred texts they believed to be human-authored over those they assumed to be generated by AI, demonstrating an anthropocentric bias. Beyond these results, the study highlights how the growing invisibilization of genAI technologies challenges long-standing ideas about authorship, even in the case of narrative texts.

Healthy ageing is commonly defined in relation to functional ability, intrinsic capacity and environmental context. However, less is known about how environmental engagement, mental wellbeing, physical functional indicators and religious/spiritual resources combine into healthy ageing profiles across residential settings. This study examined these associations in community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. This cross-sectional, exploratory comparative study included 136 older adults in Hungary: 78 community-dwelling participants and 58 residents of long-term care institutions. Environmental engagement was operationalized as self-reported weekly frequency of spending at least 30 min in natural environments. Mental wellbeing was assessed using the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), religiosity using the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS), movement quality using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and muscular strength using handgrip dynamometry. Analyses included group comparisons, correlations, multiple regression, exploratory cluster analysis and an exploratory thresholded correlation network. Community-dwelling participants were younger and showed more frequent nature exposure, higher wellbeing and better FMS scores than institutionalized participants, whereas institutionalized participants reported higher religiosity. Nature exposure was associated with WHO-5 wellbeing (r = 0.220, p = 0.010) and FMS (r = 0.320, p < 0.001). FMS was associated with handgrip strength (r = 0.320, p < 0.001). The wellbeing regression model explained only a modest proportion of variance (R² = 0.086), and the association between nature exposure and wellbeing did not remain statistically significant after adjustment (β = 0.162, p = 0.072). A three-cluster solution was retained as the most interpretable exploratory phenotype structure, despite k = 2 showing somewhat stronger numerical cluster-validity indices. In the exploratory network, FMS had the highest centrality, while religiosity was peripheral. The findings suggest that healthy ageing in this sample was characterized by multidimensional, heterogeneous and interrelated profiles rather than residential status alone. Functional movement quality and environmental engagement were associated with several healthy ageing indicators, but causal mechanisms cannot be inferred. The results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, warranting confirmation in larger longitudinal and intervention studies.

A tanulmány az Európai Bizottság digitális méltányosságról szóló jogszabályjavaslatát vizsgálja a nyilvánosságra került információk alapján. Többek között arra jut, hogy az üzleti vállalkozások fogyasztókkal szemben folytatott tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatairól szóló irányelv és a digitális szolgáltatásokról szóló rendelet párhuzamossága nem tűnik olyan kezelhetetlen problémának az Európai Unió Bíróságának ne bis idemre vonatkozó joggyakorlata alapján, hogy szükségessé tenné a fogyasztóvédelmi hatáskörök centralizációját. A tanulmány két magyar ügy alapján mutatja be, hogy egy esetleges európai hatáskör-centralizáció például a gyermekvédelmi és a nyelvi szempontok miatt érintené hátrányosan a nemzeti érdekeket is érvényesítő tagállami fogyasztóvédelmet. A tanulmány levezeti, hogy a centralizáció a szubszidiaritás elve alapján is kifogásolható.

This study examines the migration and labour market experiences of highly educated Hungarian mothers living in Vienna through qualitative research. We seek to understand how family migration and motherhood shape these women’s integration and labour market participation. Our findings indicate that mothers remain permanently outside the labour market, a situation stemming not primarily from structural barriers but from intertwined factors: the existential security provided by the husband’s income, traditional norms of motherhood, and the fear of social decline. Mothers’ integration does not appear as a linear process but rather follows a parallel pattern: Women connect with Austrian institutions primarily in an indirect manner by setting up a proxy integration while building strong ties within Hungarian communities, creating a self-segregating co-ethnic integration. The empirical contribution of this study demonstrated in the sample studied is to show that the labour market inactivity of highly educated migrant women is the result of complex social and psychological mechanisms. To capture this phenomenon, we introduce the concepts of “backstage integration” and “social surfing.”