Kateb University is a private university established in 2007, located in the city of Kabul, Afghanistan.
Background:Equitable access to maternal healthcare hinges on overcoming logistical and socio-economic challenges in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives:This study examines the association of travel time to health facilities and residential areas with the use of antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery services in Afghanistan. Methods:We used data from the Afghanistan Health Survey 2018, focusing on 1051 ever-married women aged 15-49 who had recently given birth and had ≥ 1 ANC session. The study measured the association of travel time and residential location, along with sociodemographic characteristics, on two primary outcomes: institutional deliveries and ANC service frequency. A generalized linear model facilitated the multivariable regression analyses. Results:The study found that travel time to health facilities and residential locations significantly influenced ANC utilization and institutional deliveries. Women with travel time of 0.5-2 and < 0.5 h to health facilities received 78% and 65% more ANC visits, respectively, than women with travel time of > 2 h to health facilities. Women who lived in rural areas received 50% fewer ANC visits compared to women who lived in urban areas. Women with travel time of 0.5-2 h were more likely to have institutional deliveries (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.43-4.59) than those with travel time of > 2 h to health facilities. The likelihood of institutional deliveries was lower among rural resident women (OR = 0.62, 95% CI; 0.40-0.97) than their urban counterparts. Other predictors of ANC visits were women's education level and women's knowledge of complicated pregnancy, and other predictors of institutional deliveries were women's education level, decisions made for women about birthplace choice, and women's access to media. Conclusion:We have shown for the first time that access to health facilities and geographic disparities significantly influence maternal health service utilization in Afghanistan.
Endoscopic radial artery harvesting (ERAH) is a minimally invasive alternative to open radial artery harvesting (ORAH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), though concerns persist regarding graft patency and neurological outcomes. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through February 21, 2026. Randomized controlled trials and propensity-matched observational studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed using ROB 2 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Pooled risk ratios and mean differences with 95
This study was conducted to know about the customer satisfaction in the banking sector, factors affecting customer satisfaction is of worth importance in order to know the reasons or the factors which are responsible to create satisfaction among customers for a particular brand. Customer satisfaction is established when brand fulfils the needs and desires of customers. This study is based on dependent variable; customer satisfaction for measuring the relationship between dependent and independent variable, the primary and secondary source of data were used in this study. The main tool used for collecting primary data was questionnaire and it was distributed among existence customer and employees of Azizi bank. Data were analysed through SPSS by applying regression on the collected data. The analysed data have been shown in tables and discussed the fourth chapter of this thesis. According to the data analysis, dependent variable has been taken to be customer satisfaction. In discussion part, effectiveness of important variables has been discussed quantitatively. Moreover, under the conclusion and recommendation parts, some suggestions have been given to increase the customer satisfaction in the Azizi bank, the Aziz bank should increase the service quality and service convenience to the customer in order to keep satisfy the customers and meanwhile to attract new customers and compete in the market. In recommendation part, the important points have been mentioned that organizations should focus on. These points include asses the current situation (plan), define the barriers and enable, create team development plan, implement the development plan, and break down all the sub plan.
Child mortality is one of the major challenges within the human development index (HDI) framework, posing serious risks to the survival of children. Although the Government of Afghanistan and child-support organizations have implemented comprehensive programs and allocated financial resources to reduce child mortality, the child mortality rate in the country remains a subject of concern. The present study examines the impact of government expenditures on child mortality in Afghanistan during the period 2002–2024. This research employs the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. In the model used for this study, the child mortality rate (CMR) is considered a function of government per-capita health expenditures, per-capita gross domestic product, adult literacy rate, fertility rate, and urbanization rate. The findings of this study indicate that the effect of government health expenditures on child mortality in Afghanistan is negative and statistically significant. Specifically, an increase of one unit in per-capita government health expenditures leads to a decrease of 1.1217 units in the child mortality rate. Overall, the regression results show that several explanatory variables play an important role in explaining variations in the dependent variable. Among these variables, per-capita health expenditures, adult literacy rate, and urbanization rate have a negative and significant impact on the dependent variable. In contrast, the coefficients of women’s fertility rate and per-capita GDP are statistically insignificant; therefore, their definitive effects on the dependent variable cannot be asserted.
The study of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education has gained significant importance over the past few decades due to its impact on students' entrepreneurial intentions. One of the key issues in this field is entrepreneurship education and its role in an individual's transformation into a successful entrepreneur. Therefore, this research investigates the role of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students at universities in Kabul, Afghanistan. The statistical population consisted of 200 undergraduate students who had completed entrepreneurship theory courses and entrepreneurship projects. The research method is applied in nature. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed for data analysis. The results indicate a direct and significant relationship between entrepreneurship education and students' entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the variables of personal attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived feasibility (self-efficacy) play a mediating role and show significant relationships between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. In contrast, the variable of perceived social norms regarding entrepreneurship does not have a significant mediating effect between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention.
