A strategy based on the hyperbranched polyol process (HB-polyol process) is presented for the synthesis of hemocompatible cobalt nanocomposites Co/GnOH with controlled morphology and predictable functional properties. Third-generation (G3OH) and fourth-generation (G4OH) hyperbranched polyester polyols were used as smart polyol nanoreactors. We establish, for the first time, the fundamental physicochemical principles of the HB-polyol process based on a comprehensive analysis of FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, NTA, and TEM data. These principles encompass the stages of pre-organization, nucleation, polyol oxidation and the stabilization of cobalt-loaded metallopolymer nanocomposites within the binary [CoCl2-GnOH] system (n = 3, 4). Magnetic measurements revealed that the samples exhibit paramagnetic properties at 5 K. The size of the magnetic cores in the Co/G3OH samples was estimated by fitting the field-dependent magnetization curves to the Langevin function and was found to range from 1.4 nm to 7.2 nm, indicating the superparamagnetic behavior of the nanocomposites. In vitro biological tests of the Co/GnOH nanocomposites demonstrated high hemocompatibility, as well as pronounced modulatory and antimycotic activity across all samples. The obtained results hold promise for the development of simple design technologies for multifunctional "intelligent" materials based on metal and dendritic nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
The aim of this review is to describe the global epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), provide a comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation on HFRS for 2000–2025 in the constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation, and outline an incidence forecast for 2026. HFRS remains a widespread disease in the Western Pacific Region, Southeast Asia, and Europe. In the Russian Federation, the majority of HFRS cases are registered in the Volga Federal District, which accounts for over 80 % of all cases. In 2025, 4,912 cases of HFRS were diagnosed in the Russian Federation, a 31 % increase as compared to the previous year (3,396). The incidence rate (3.36 per 100,000 population) was below the long-term average for the period of 2013–2024, excluding 2020 and 2021 (5.06). There were 12 deaths (lethality rate – 0.24 %, mortality – 0.01 per 100,000 population). The epidemiological process was most active in the territory of 11 entities of the Volga Federal District: the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Udmurt Republic, Kirov, Samara, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk Regions, the Mari El Republic, the Republic of Mordovia, and the Republic of Tatarstan. The review presents the results of epizootiological monitoring. For the purpose of forecasting and differentiating the areas by the level of incidence, epidemiological zoning of the entities of the Russian Federation was carried out based on the value of the potential epidemic risk indicator. Six groups of territories have been identified: those with an extremely high predicted risk, those with high, with above-average, average, low, and with minimal risk. Six regions are classified as having an extremely high prognostic risk of HFRS infection, including the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Udmurt Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Yaroslavl Region.
The emergence of drug resistance in pathogenic strains and the associated rise in mortality have driven the need for new, highly effective antimycotics based on azole derivatives. New chiral hybrids comprising a 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethyl moiety and a monoterpene thiol with a 1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl linker, structurally similar to the itraconazole and ketoconazole pharmacophores, were synthesized. The hybrids demonstrated high antifungal activity against both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains. The affinity of the synthesized compounds for a fungal enzyme, lanosterol-14α-demethylase (CYP51), was evaluated. This enzyme catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a steroidal component that plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity and functional activity of fungal cell membranes.
The aim of the work was to detect Orthohantavirus puumalaense (PUUV) reassortant strains in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), which are closely related to strains previously isolated from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) from the RT.Materials and methods. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR in the lung tissue of bank voles captured in the Vysokogorsky and Pestrechinsky districts of the RT in 2023–2024. cDNA was synthesized for RT-PCR-positive samples. PUUV genome fragments of S- and M-segments were amplified using PCR, followed by sequencing (using the Sanger method and Oxford Nanopore technology) and phylogenetic analysis.Results and discussion. It has been found that 14 PUUV strains detected in bank voles from four capture sites fall into 3 clusters. In two strains from the vicinity of the village of Kinderi (cluster 2), a reassortant genome has been identified: the S-segment is closely related to strains from the Vysokogorsky district (nucleotide sequence (NS) identity is 99.1–100 %), while the M-segment is closely related to strains from the Pestrechinsky district (96.3–97.0 %). These virus strains are genetically close to reassortants previously found in HFRS patients infected by PUUV in the Vysokogorsky district of the RT. Detected in the vicinity of the village Kinderi PUUV strains appear to be of reassortant origin.
In this study, it is shown for the first time that complexation with phosvitin does not restrict bacteriostatic activity of chitosan. Moreover, chitosan possesses the activity in the presence of phosvitin in acidic and alkalescent media. Besides, minimal inhibition concentrations of chitosan decrease in both acidic (pH 5.8) and alkalescent (pH 7.4) media, and chitosan shows two/fourfold higher bacteriostatic activity at 0.25-1.0 mg/ml phosvitin concentration in solution compared with that of chitosan alone due to an additive effect of chitosan and phosvitin, i.e. phosvitin modulates antimicrobial activity of chitosan in the acidic and alkalescent media. It is shown that the electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces are responsible for formation of soluble and insoluble chitosan/phosvitin complexes. Solely negatively charged complexes are formed in alkalescent medium. A faster interaction occurs in acidic medium, and insoluble complexes have five times as much phosvitin as the soluble ones. In their turn, soluble complexes enriched with chitosan are formed in both acidic and alkalescent media. It is presumed that a transfer of labile protons from phosvitin onto chitosan strengthens the electrostatic complexation between chitosan and phosvitin molecules. The finding can be promising for construction of phosvitin/chitosan-based drug-delivery systems and cosmetic compositions possessing antimicrobial activity.
